Philosophical conversations : a concise historical introduction
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書誌事項
Philosophical conversations : a concise historical introduction
Oxford Uuniversity Press, 2009
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This brief and engaging introductory text treats philosophy as a dramatic and continuous story-a conversation about humankind's deepest and most persistent concerns, in which students are encouraged to participate. Tracing the exchange of ideas between history's key philosophers, Philosophical Conversations: A Concise Historical Introduction demonstrates that while constructing an argument or making a claim, one philosopher almost always has others in mind.
The book addresses the fundamental questions of human life: Who are we? What can we know? How should we live? and What sort of reality do we inhabit? Throughout, author Norman Melchert provides a generous selection of excerpts from major philosophical works and makes them more easily understandable with his
lucid explanations. Extensive cross-references highlight the organizing themes and show students how philosophers have responded to each other's arguments.
A more concise edition of Norman Melchert's The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy, Fifth Edition, Philosophical Conversations is designed to be especially accessible and visually attractive to first- and second-year college students in introduction to philosophy courses. Enhanced by numerous pedagogical features, it offers:
* Shorter and/or simplified presentations of much of the material
* A second color that enlivens the text and makes it more visually interesting
* An expanded art program featuring more than 100 photographs, illustrations, and cartoons
* Classic art at the opening of each chapter
* Numerous brief quotations from poets, politicians, and thinkers that underscore philosophical points and stimulate thought
* Explanatory footnotes and basic study questions throughout
* "Questions for Further Thought" at the end of each chapter
* Key terms, boldfaced at their first appearance and collected at the end of each chapter and in a detailed glossary at the back of the book
* "Sketches"-which provide glimpses of the ideas of various philosophers not already discussed in detail in the narrative-and "Profiles," which offer more in-depth looks at several thinkers, philosophical schools, and movements including Taoism, Zen, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Iris Murdoch
* An Instructor's Manual and Test Bank on CD that highlights essential points and offers numerous exam questions
目次
- 1. BEFORE PHILOSOPHY: MYTH IN HESIOD AND HOMER
- Hesiod: War among the Gods
- Homer: Heroes, Gods, and Excellence
- 2. PHILOSOPHY BEFORE SOCRATES
- Thales: The One as Water
- Anaximander: The One as the Boundless
- Xenophanes: The Gods as Fictions
- SKETCHES: PYTHAGORAS
- Heraclitus: Oneness in the Logos
- PROFILE: THE TAO
- Parmenides: Only the One
- Zeno: The Paradoxes of Common Sense
- Atomism: The One and the Many Reconciled
- 3. SOCRATES AND THE SOPHISTS: RHETORIC, RELATIVISM, AND THE SEARCH FOR TRUTH
- The Sophists
- Physis and Nomos
- Athens and Sparta at War
- Socrates
- 4. THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF SOCRATES
- Translator's Introduction
- The Dialogue
- Commentary and Questions
- Crito's Visit
- Socrates' Death
- 5. PLATO: KNOWING THE REAL AND THE GOOD
- Knowledge and Opinion
- The World and the Forms
- The Love of Wisdom
- The Soul
- Morality
- The State
- Problems with the Forms
- 6. ARISTOTLE: THE REALITY OF THE WORLD
- Aristotle and Plato
- Logic and Knowledge
- The World
- First Philosophy
- The Soul
- The Good Life
- INTERLUDE 1: THE SKEPTICS
- INTERLUDE 2: THE CHRISTIANS
- Background
- Jesus
- The Meaning of Jesus
- 7. AUGUSTINE: GOD AND THE SOUL
- Wisdom, Happiness, and God
- God and the World
- Human Nature and Its Corruption
- Human Nature and Its Restoration
- The Two Cities
- Christians and Philosophers
- 8. ANSELM AND AQUINAS: ARGUING FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
- Anselm: On That Than Which No Greater Can Be Conceived
- Thomas Aquinas: Rethinking Aristotle
- SKETCHES: AVICENNA (IBN SINA)
- SKETCHES: AVERROES (IBN RUSHD)
- SKETCHES: MAIMONIDES (MOSES BEN MAIMON)
- INTERLUDE 3: MOVING FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN
- The World God Made for Us
- The Humanists
- Reforming the Church
- Skeptical Thoughts Revived
- Copernicus to Kepler to Galileo: The Great Triple Play
- 9. RENE DESCARTES: DOUBTING OUR WAY TO CERTAINTY
- The Method
- Meditations: Commentary and Questions
- What Has Descartes Done?
- 10. JOHN LOCKE: THE BEGINNINGS OF EMPIRICISM
- PROFILE: THOMAS HOBBES
- SKETCHES: GEORGE BERKELEY
- 11. DAVID HUME: UNMASKING THE PRETENSIONS OF REASON
- How Newton Did It
- To Be the Newton of Human Nature
- The Theory of Ideas
- The Association of Ideas
- Causation: The Very Idea
- The Disappearing Self
- SKETCHES: THE BUDDHA
- Rescuing Human Freedom
- Is It Reasonable to Believe in God?
- Understanding Morality
- Is Hume a Skeptic?
- 12. IMMANUEL KANT: REHABILITATING REASON (WITHIN STRICT LIMITS)
- Critique
- Judgments
- Geometry, Mathematics, Space, and Time
- Common Sense, Science, and the A Priori Categories
- SKETCHES: BARUCH SPINOZA
- Phenomena and Noumena
- SKETCHES: GOTTFRIED WILHELM VON LEIBNIZ
- Reasoning and the Ideas of Metaphysics: God, World, and Soul
- Reason and Morality
- SKETCHES: JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
- 13. HEGEL AND MARX: HISTORY AND REVOLUTION
- Hegel: Spirit, History, and Freedom
- SKETCHES: ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER
- Marx: Beyond Alienation and Exploitation
- 14. KIERKEGAARD AND NIETZSCHE: CHRISTIAN AND ANTI-CHRISTIAN
- Soren Kierkegaard: On Individual Existence
- Friedrich Nietzsche: The Value of Existence
- PROFILE: IRIS MURDOCH
- 15. THE UTILITARIANS: MORAL RULES AND THE HAPPINESS OF ALL (INCLUDING WOMEN)
- The Classic Utilitarians
- The Rights of Women
- 16. THE PRAGMATISTS
- Charles Sanders Peirce
- John Dewey
- SKETCHES: WILLIAM JAMES
- 17. LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN: LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS AND ORDINARY LANGUAGE
- Language and Its Logic
- SKETCHES: BERTRAND RUSSELL
- PROFILE: THE LOGICAL POSITIVISTS
- The Continuity of Wittgenstein's Thought
- PROFILE: ZEN
- Our Groundless Certainty
- 18. THE EXISTENTIALISTS: HEIDEGGER, SARTRE, DE BEAUVOIR
- Martin Heidegger: The Meaning of Being
- PROFILE: JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
- Simone de Beauvoir: The Priority of Freedom
- 19. POSTMODERNISM AND PHYSICAL REALISM: DERRIDA, RORTY, QUINE, AND DENNETT
- Postmodernism
- PROFILE: RICHARD RORTY
- Physical Realism
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