Back to work : growing with jobs in Europe and Central Asia
著者
書誌事項
Back to work : growing with jobs in Europe and Central Asia
(Europe and Central Asia reports)
World Bank, c2014
大学図書館所蔵 全14件
  青森
  岩手
  宮城
  秋田
  山形
  福島
  茨城
  栃木
  群馬
  埼玉
  千葉
  東京
  神奈川
  新潟
  富山
  石川
  福井
  山梨
  長野
  岐阜
  静岡
  愛知
  三重
  滋賀
  京都
  大阪
  兵庫
  奈良
  和歌山
  鳥取
  島根
  岡山
  広島
  山口
  徳島
  香川
  愛媛
  高知
  福岡
  佐賀
  長崎
  熊本
  大分
  宮崎
  鹿児島
  沖縄
  韓国
  中国
  タイ
  イギリス
  ドイツ
  スイス
  フランス
  ベルギー
  オランダ
  スウェーデン
  ノルウェー
  アメリカ
注記
Other authors: Carolina Sánchez-Páramo, María E. Dávalos, Indhira Santos, Erwin R. Tiongson, Carola Gruen, Natasha de Andrade Falcão, Gady Saiovici, Cesar A. Cancho
Includes bibliographies
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Over the last decade, significant global and regional forces including changes in technology, trade patterns, and business practices, with a steady shift in value added production and employment toward knowledge-intensive activities and services such as finance, the hospitality industry, and the retail trade, have been affecting the production and occupational structures of most developed economies. Many countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia have also experienced ongoing exposure to international product and labour markets, some via integration with the European Union (EU), and in general experiencing more international competition and labour migration. The acceleration of growth, the easy access to credit during the financial boom, and improvements in business and labour regulations in some countries boosted labour demand. On the supply side, key factors in some countries included shifts in labour force participation rates, cross-border migration, and changes in social benefits that may have affected work incentives.
With the sudden shock of the 2008 international financial crisis and its prolonged after-effects, all countries in the region are being forced to reassess their position in the international checkerboard, also in light of looming demographic trends and competing social demands. All countries will have to consider reforms to improve the quality of the business climate, make labour markets more competitive, modernise the public sector, deepen financial development, and increase integration in global markets are a necessary condition for positive and sustained employment creation. These efforts will have to be comprehensive and sustained for the payoff to materialise, as illustrated by the experience of the advanced reformers in the region. Moving along the modernisation path will require further economic restructuring and labour reallocation, which can become a wasteful and inefficient process with significant short-term welfare losses among specific groups of workers, unless it is accompanied by policies aimed at improving the match between jobs and workers and enhancing the employability of those people who are most affected by the changes. Policies that are sensitive to age and gender can help increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the restructuring process.
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