Developing a virtue-imbued casuistry for business ethics

著者

• Calkins, Martin

書誌事項

Developing a virtue-imbued casuistry for business ethics

Martin Calkins

（Issues in business ethics, v. 42）

Springer, c2014

• : hbk

注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [251]-269) and indexes

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Casuistry, Virtue and Business Ethics brings together three important processes for business ethics: casuistry, virtue ethics and the business case method. In doing so, it considers the overlap and synergy of casuistry and virtue ethics, the similarities and differences of casuistry and the business case method and the relationships between emerging and well-established cases. The goal of the book is twofold: to provide a distinctly practical method for moral decision-making within the context of business and to illustrate how contemporary vexing issues are similar to those of the past and how they might be resolved satisfactorily.

目次

PREFACE........................................................................................................................... i OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................... 9 PART 1: BUILDING A CASUISTRY FOR BUSINESS.............................................. 11 - Chapter 1: Features and History -........................................................................... 12 Characteristics of Case-based Reasoning...................................................................................................... 12 History of Casuistry........................................................................................................................................... 21 Ancient Greek Casuistry.............................................................................................................................. 21 Hebrew Casuistry.......................................................................................................................................... 23 Muslim Casuistry.......................................................................................................................................... 26 Christian Casuistry........................................................................................................................................ 28 - Chapter 2: Casuistry versus Ethical Pluralism with Applied Principles -............... 34 Conventional Approach: Ethical Pluralism with Embedded Applied Principles..................................... 34 Benefits of Applied Principles Approaches.............................................................................................. 35 Shortcomings of Applied Principles Approaches..................................................................................... 37 - Chapter 3: Normativity and Analogy in Casuistry -................................................ 40 Normativity's Different Locations in Moral Reasoning.............................................................................. 40 Analogy as Reasoning Process versus Tool for Principle Formation and Validation............................ 42 - Chapter 4: The Role of Principles in Casuistry -..................................................... 48 Principles and the Proper End of Ethics.......................................................................................................... 48 The Place of Principles in Casuistry................................................................................................................ 51 - Chapter 5: Reflective Equilibrium and Casuistry -.................................................. 54 Reflective Equilibrium....................................................................................................................................... 54 Narrow Reflective Equilibrium......................................................................................................................... 55 Wide Reflective Equilibrium............................................................................................................................. 57 Reflective Equilibrium and Casuistry's Similarities and Differences........................................................ 60 Similarities...................................................................................................................................................... 60 Differences..................................................................................................................................................... 65 Weighing the Disparities............................................................................................................................... 73 - Chapter 6: Criticisms of Casuistry -......................................................................... 75 Aimless and Lacking Moral Force................................................................................................................... 77 Unstructured........................................................................................................................................................ 78 Casuistry's Logic and Dynamics................................................................................................................ 79 Conventional and Insular................................................................................................................................. 81 Arbitrary Taxonomies and Paradigmatic Cases........................................................................................... 85 The Structure and Dynamics of Casuistry's Taxonomies..................................................................... 85 Subjective Naming of Paradigm Cases..................................................................................................... 87 From Paradigm to Marginal Case: The Ford Pinto Case....................................................................... 89 Lax and Prone to Equivocation....................................................................................................................... 92 A) Catholic Concerns with Casuistic Caginess: Blaise Pascal versus The Jesuits............................. 92 B) Protestantism Chimes In: Concerns with Casuistry's Link to Authority....................................... 97 Equivocation in Principle-Based Methods: Bill Clinton versus the American People...................... 98 Modern Trends Toward Other Approaches................................................................................................. 103 The New Language of Modernity............................................................................................................ 103 The Conflation of Ethics and Law.......................................................................................................... 104 - Chapter 7: Casuistry's Revival in Medicine and Now, Business -......................... 108 Clinical Ethics: Casuistry's Restoration Begins.......................................................................................... 109 Elsewhere: Casuistry's Revival Continues.................................................................................................. 111 Casuistry and Law, Computer Ethics, and Journalism........................................................................ 111 Casuistry and Business-Medicine Comparisons................................................................................... 112 Casuistry and Business: The Road Ahead............................................................................................. 114 PART 2: VIRTUE ETHICS IN THE CONTEXT OF BUSINESS............................ 116 - Chapter 8: Aristotle's Virtue Ethics -..................................................................... 117 Background and Influence............................................................................................................................ 118 General Features of Virtue Ethics.................................................................................................................. 119 The Final Good End and Striving for Perfection................................................................................... 120 Habits that Define...................................................................................................................................... 123 Flow State and Flourishing in the Present............................................................................................... 124 Moderation and the Shifting Golden Mean........................................................................................... 125 Virtue and Personal Integration: The Competitive Runner................................................................ 128 Aspiration and Nature's Limits................................................................................................................ 129 The Social Aspects of Virtue..................................................................................................................... 131 Summary: General Virtue......................................................................................................................... 134 Application to Business: The Tylenol Crisis and Virtue-based Management................................. 135 The Particular Virtues...................................................................................................................................... 139 Prudence....................................................................................................................................................... 141 Practical Wisdom and the Final Good End....................................................................................... 145 Example: The Prudent Runner........................................................................................................... 145 A Goal in Itself....................................................................................................................................... 146 Prudence's Place in Business............................................................................................................... 147 Moral Prescience.................................................................................................................................... 148 Summary: Prudence............................................................................................................................. 150 Justice............................................................................................................................................................ 150 The Complete Virtue............................................................................................................................. 150 A Social Virtue....................................................................................................................................... 152 The Organizing Virtue........................................................................................................................... 156 Summary: Justice.................................................................................................................................. 157 Courage (Fortitude).................................................................................................................................... 158 Confidence: Keen in the Thick of Action But Calm Beforehand................................................ 158 Example: The Courage of the Boxer................................................................................................. 159 Example: The Courage of the Whistleblower.................................................................................. 161 Temperance (Self-Control)....................................................................................................................... 163 Self-Control and Adulthood................................................................................................................ 164 Example: Temperance and Physical Fitness.................................................................................... 165 Other Virtues................................................................................................................................................ 166 Generosity............................................................................................................................................... 167 Magnificence.......................................................................................................................................... 167 High-mindedness................................................................................................................................... 168 Ambition and the Lack of Ambition as the Extremes of an Unnamed Virtue.......................... 169 Gentleness............................................................................................................................................... 169 Friendliness............................................................................................................................................. 169 Truthfulness............................................................................................................................................ 170 Wittiness.................................................................................................................................................. 170 - Chapter 9: Building a Virtue Theory for Business -.............................................. 172 Virtue's Various Expressions.......................................................................................................................... 172 Stoicism........................................................................................................................................................ 173 Influential Moderns.................................................................................................................................... 174 Thomas Hobbes.................................................................................................................................... 175 David Hume........................................................................................................................................... 178 The Virtues of Commerce of Adam Smith................................................................................................. 181 Sympathy of Fellow-Feeling..................................................................................................................... 183 Self-Command............................................................................................................................................ 186 Proper Wealth Acquisition versus Greed................................................................................................. 188 Prudence and Assiduity............................................................................................................................. 190 Justice and Natural Jurisprudence........................................................................................................... 190 Universal Benevolence or Social Sympathy.......................................................................................... 192 Comparison: Smith and Aristotle on Virtue in General....................................................................... 195 Comparison: Smith and Aristotle on Particular Virtues....................................................................... 200 Virtues Specific to Commerce.................................................................................................................. 206 - Chapter 10: Virtue Ethics' Value -......................................................................... 212 Virtue Ethics' Strengths and Weaknesses.................................................................................................... 212 Strengths....................................................................................................................................................... 214 Weaknesses.................................................................................................................................................. 221 PART 3: OVERLAPS AND SYNERGIES OF METHODS....................................... 231 - Chapter 11: The Synergy of Casuistry and Virtue Ethics -................................... 232 Casuistry and Virtue Ethics' Similarities...................................................................................................... 232 Casuistry and Virtue Ethics' Differences..................................................................................................... 240 Casuistry-imbued Virtue Ethics versus Virtue-imbued Casuistry............................................................ 247 Virtue-imbued Casuistry's Synergies............................................................................................................ 248 Synergy of Strengths.................................................................................................................................. 248 Synergy of Offsetting Limitations........................................................................................................... 257 - Chapter 12: Bringing Casuistry and the Business Case Method Together -......... 263 Casuistry and Cases in Business................................................................................................................... 263 The Business Case and Case Method.......................................................................................................... 265 The Business Case...................................................................................................................................... 265 The Business Case Method....................................................................................................................... 270 The Business Case Method and Casuistry Compared.............................................................................. 273 Similarities.................................................................................................................................................... 273 Differences................................................................................................................................................... 276 Synergies: Bringing the Methods Together.................................................................................................. 279 Conclusion................................................................................................................................................... 287 PART 4: USING VIRTUE-IMBUED CASUISTRY IN BUSINESS PRACTICE.... 288 - Chapter 13: Breaking Stalemates: Using the Method to Upset the Genetically Modified Foods Impasse - 290 Background: Building to a Stalemate.......................................................................................................... 291 Proponents' Arguments............................................................................................................................. 293 Opponents' Arguments.............................................................................................................................. 296 Entrenching the Stalemate............................................................................................................................. 302 Defusing the Stalemate................................................................................................................................... 308 Limping Toward Resolution........................................................................................................................... 316 - Chapter 14: Cases Can Caution: Polio Eradication, Risk Exposure, and the Smallpox Case as Precedence -..................................................................................................................................... 320 Goal: Eradicating Polio................................................................................................................................... 321 Smallpox: A Cautionary Tale........................................................................................................................ 322 Killing a Deadly Disease............................................................................................................................ 323 Systematic Destruction.............................................................................................................................. 324 Gone But Not Forgotten............................................................................................................................ 326 An Effective Bioweapon........................................................................................................................... 327 Playing Catch-up........................................................................................................................................ 328 Lessons From a Near-miss.............................................................................................................................. 330 Polio Eradication in Perspective.................................................................................................................... 332 - Chapter 15: Risk Exposure: Using Cases in Strategies Involving an Aging Medication - 335 Risk Exposure in an Environment of Experimentation............................................................................ 336 Background: Tamoxifen Therapy................................................................................................................ 337 A Therapy With Risks................................................................................................................................ 339 Longstanding and Profitable.................................................................................................................... 341 Assessing the Risk Exposure of an Aging Drug........................................................................................... 343 Step One: Weighing Losses Against Profits............................................................................................ 343 Step Two: Recognizing That Something is Missing.............................................................................. 345 Step Three: Augmenting With Cases....................................................................................................... 347 Problems and Opportunities With Case Use in Business........................................................................... 350 Impediments to Case Use in Business.................................................................................................... 350 Overcoming the Impediments to Case Use in Business....................................................................... 353 Criticisms of Using Ethics as a Tool of Risk Management................................................................. 354 Going Forward.................................................................................................................................................. 356 - Chapter 16: Risk Management: Capturing the Right Situation with Prudent Case Use in Scenario-based Modeling -................................................................................................................... 360 Coming Full Circle: Cases->Models->Cases......................................................................................... 361 Sliding Toward Numbers........................................................................................................................... 362 What Has Been Helpful and What Is Missing...................................................................................... 363 Case: Home Health Corporation.................................................................................................................. 364 Background: Home Health Corporation............................................................................................... 364 The Big Question: To Pay or Not To Pay For Overtime...................................................................... 365 The Deterministic Approach..................................................................................................................... 366 The Upset of a New Competitor.............................................................................................................. 369 The Stochastic Approach.......................................................................................................................... 370 Strategy and Modeling.................................................................................................................................... 374 Strategy As a Guiding Process.................................................................................................................. 375 Descriptive Modeling: A Two-dimensional Snapshot.......................................................................... 377 Stochastic Modeling: A Three-dimensional Hologram........................................................................ 378 Strategic Prescience.......................................................................................................................................... 381 The Importance of Prudence in Case Selection......................................................................................... 382 Prudent Elders as Key to Effective Strategy.......................................................................................... 382 The Importance of Business Cases in Strategizing............................................................................... 383 Complications Inhibiting Case Use in Business.................................................................................... 384 - Chapter 17: Going Forward: Developing a Workable Virtue-imbued Casuistry for Business - 386 What Has Been Done...................................................................................................................................... 386 What Remains To Be Done........................................................................................................................... 388 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................... 391 APPENDIX.................................................................................................................... 393 NAME INDEX............................................................................................................... 397 BUSINESS/INSTITUTION INDEX............................................................................ 400 SUBJECT INDEX......................................................................................................... 401 WORKS CITED............................................................................................................. 406 dy>

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BB15686631
• ISBN:
  • 9789401787239
• 出版国コード: ne
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Dordrecht
• ページ数/冊数: xx, 281 p.
• 大きさ: 25 cm
• 分類:
  • DC23 : 174.4
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Business ethics
  • LCSH : Casuistry
• 親書誌ID:
  • BA11303256