CiNii 図書 - Ancient origins of the Mexican plaza : from primordial sea to public space

The plaza has been a defining feature of Mexican urban architecture and culture for at least 4,000 years. Ancient Mesoamericans conducted most of their communal life in outdoor public spaces, and today the plaza is still the public living room in every Mexican neighborhood, town, and city-the place where friends meet, news is shared, and personal and communal rituals and celebrations happen. The site of a community's most important architecture-church, government buildings, and marketplace-the plaza is both sacred and secular space and thus the very heart of the community. This extensively illustrated book traces the evolution of the Mexican plaza from Mesoamerican sacred space to modern public gathering place. The authors led teams of volunteers who measured and documented nearly one hundred traditional Mexican town centers. The resulting plans reveal the layers of Mesoamerican and European history that underlie the contemporary plaza. The authors describe how Mesoamericans designed their ceremonial centers as embodiments of creation myths-the plaza as the primordial sea from which the earth emerged. They discuss how Europeans, even though they sought to eradicate native culture, actually preserved it as they overlaid the Mesoamerican sacred plaza with the Renaissance urban concept of an orthogonal grid with a central open space. The authors also show how the plaza's historic, architectural, social, and economic qualities can contribute to mainstream urban design and architecture today.

Authors' Note Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter One. The Primordial Sea: Forming Open Space in Mesoamerica Mesoamerican Concept of Space Mountains and Altepetls Caves, Quatrefoils, and Sunken Courts Types of Open Space in Mesoamerica Triad Centering U-shaped Courts Quadrangles Quincunx: Symbol of the Cosmos Ballcourts The Sunken Court of Teopantecuanitlan The Dallas Plaque: A Cosmogram Chapter Two. Forming Spanish Towns in Mesoamerican Culture People and Ideas The Invasion The Europeans Making Contact European Plazas in the Early Sixteenth Century Origins of the Plaza Building New World Towns Types of Towns First Acts and Encounters Laws of the Indies Conversion Quincunx Patios Relaciones Geograficas Chapter Three. Sixteenth-Century Communal Open Spaces (Five Hundred Years Later) Caves and Crevices Amecameca, State of Mexico Zoquizoquipan, Hidalgo Valladolid, Yucatan Quincunxial Arrangements Atlatlahuacan, Morelos Huejotzingo, Puebla Huaquechula, Puebla Zacualpan de Amilpas, Morelos Terraced Mountains Molango, Hidalgo Achiutla, Oaxaca Yanhuitlan, Oaxaca Sunken Courts Tepoztlan, Morelos Tochimilco, Puebla Calpan, Puebla Ballcourts and Bullrings Villa Diaz Ordaz, Oaxaca Tlanalapa, Hidalgo Tepeapulco, Hidalgo Open Space Ensembles Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca Tlacolula, Oaxaca Otumba de Gomez Farias, State of Mexico Tlacochahuaya, Oaxaca Tepeaca, Puebla Etla, Oaxaca Bishop Quiroga's Utopias in Michoacan Tzintzuntzan, Michoacan Patzcuaro, Michoacan Santa Fe de la Laguna, Michoacan Erongaricuaro, Michoacan Angahuan, Michoacan Visible Overlays and Deliberate Alignments Mitla, Oaxaca Hacienda Xaaga, Oaxaca Teposcolula, Oaxaca Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca Epazoyucan, Hidalgo The Yucatan Experience Yotholin, Yucatan Tibolon, Yucatan Izamal, Yucatan Chapter Four. Origins and Evolution Epilogue: Plazas in the Twenty-first Century The San Miguel Example Qualities of Successful Plazas Sprawl and the American Myth Appendix. Measured Drawings: Plans of Towns Notes Glossary Bibliography Index

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Ancient origins of the Mexican plaza : from primordial sea to public space

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