Metropolitan sustainability : understanding and improving the urban environment
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書誌事項
Metropolitan sustainability : understanding and improving the urban environment
（Woodhead Publishing series in energy, no. 34）
Woodhead, 2012
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Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Global populations have grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to ever increasing demands for shelter, resources, energy and utilities. Coupled with the worldwide need to achieve lower impact buildings and conservation of resources, the need to achieve sustainability in urban environments has never been more acute. This book critically reviews the fundamental issues and applied science, engineering and technology that will enable all cities to achieve a greater level of metropolitan sustainability, and assist nations in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations.Part one introduces key issues related to metropolitan sustainability, including the use of both urban metabolism and benefit cost analysis. Part two focuses on urban land use and the environmental impact of the built environment. The urban heat island effect, redevelopment of brownfield sites and urban agriculture are discussed in depth, before part three goes on to explore urban air pollution and emissions control. Urban water resources, reuse and management are explored in part four, followed by a study of urban energy supply and management in part five. Solar, wind and bioenergy, the role of waste-to-energy systems in the urban infrastructure, and smart energy for cities are investigated. Finally, part six considers sustainable urban development, transport and planning.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Metropolitan sustainability is an essential resource for low-impact building engineers, sustainability consultants and architects, town and city planners, local/municipal authorities, and national and non-governmental bodies, and provides a thorough overview for academics of all levels in this field.
目次
Contributor contact details
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
Introduction
Part I: Metropolitan sustainability: an introduction
Chapter 1: A living city: using urban metabolism analysis to view cities as life forms
Abstract:
1.1 Introduction: urban metabolism (UM), or urban energy systems
1.2 Divergent measuring approaches in UM analysis
1.3 UM studies
1.4 Understanding cities through UM
1.5 Directions for planning and policy
1.6 Future trends
Chapter 2: Benefit cost analysis for environmental decision making: using discounting to compare benefits and costs that occur at different points in time
Abstract:
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The rationale for discounting
2.3 A framework for intertemporal discounting
2.4 Discounting for climate change
2.5 Enhancing and improving net present value
2.6 Acknowledgement
Chapter 3: Quantifying sustainability: industrial ecology, materials flow and life cycle analysis
Abstract:
3.1 Introduction to industrial ecology
3.2 Materials flow analysis (MFA)
3.3 Life cycle analysis (LCA)
3.4 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 4: Separation of mixtures: fundamentals and technologies
Abstract:
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Characterization of separation processes
4.3 Balance equations
4.4 Preliminary separation process calculations
4.5 Multi-stage separations
4.6 Filtration
4.7 Conclusions and sources of further information
4.8 Acknowledgement
4.10 Appendix: Algorithm for solving equations 4.4, 4.9 and 4.10
Part II: Earth: urban land use and the environmental impact of the built environment
Chapter 5: The urban heat island effect: causes and potential solutions
Abstract:
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basic causes and remedies
5.3 Solutions and benefit assessment
5.4 The urban heat island mitigation impact screening tool (MIST)
5.5 Conclusions
Chapter 6: Redevelopment of brownfield sites
Abstract:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Management practices aimed at remediating and redeveloping brownfields
6.3 Sustainability outcomes of brownfield redevelopment
6.4 Case studies
6.5 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 7: Urban agriculture: opportunities and constraints
Abstract:
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Site availability for urban agriculture
7.3 Crops and yields
7.4 Food security
7.5 Demands on and benefits for urban water infrastructure
7.6 Benefits for urban energy infrastructure
7.7 Waste and composting
Chapter 8: Redevelopment of brownfield sitesBuilding-integrated agriculture: a new approach to food production
Abstract:
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Ecological performance of building-integrated agriculture (BIA)
8.3 Community impact of BIA
8.4 Other forms of urban agriculture
8.5 Case studies
8.6 Sustainability challenges and future trends
8.7 Sources of further information and advice
Part III: Wind: urban air pollution and emissions control
Chapter 9: Metropolitan effects on atmospheric patterns: important scales
Abstract:
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over metropolitan areas
9.3 Local-versus regional-scale effects of urbanization on atmospheric patterns
9.4 Interplay between metropolitan and global climate effects
9.5 Conclusions and future trends
9.6 Sources of further information and advice
9.7 Acknowledgements
Chapter 10: The science of smog: a chemical understanding of ground level ozone and fine particulate matter
Abstract:
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Ground level ozone chemistry
10.3 Fine particulate matter chemistry
10.4 Challenges facing smog control
10.5 Megacity smog: examples from Beijing and Mexico City
10.6 Summary and future trends
10.7 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 11: Air pollution in the urban atmosphere: sources and consequences
Abstract:
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Categories of pollutants
11.3 Sources of air pollution
11.4 Environmental and human health effects
11.5 Future trends and sustainability challenges
11.6 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 12: Controlling emissions of pollutants in urban areas
Abstract:
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Mobile sources of pollution
12.3 Reducing pollution from mobile sources
12.4 Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) from stationary sources and their control
12.5 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction from stationary sources
12.6 Sulfur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM) removal from coal-fired power plants
12.7 Sustainability challenges and future trends
Chapter 13: Passive systems to improve air quality and reduce heat retention in the urban environment
Abstract:
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Photocatalytic materials
13.3 Current research into TiO2-based building materials
13.4 Urban vegetation
13.5 Sustainability challenges and future trends
13.6 Sources of further information and advice
Part IV: Water: urban water resources, reuse and managemen
Chapter 14: Integrated urban water management: water use and reuse
Abstract:
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Alternative urban water sources and water quality considerations
14.3 Treatment and infrastructure considerations for harvested rainwater and stormwater runoff
14.4 Treatment and infrastructure considerations for water reuse
14.5 Sustainability challenges
14.6 Future trends
Chapter 15: Rainwater harvesting: using urban roof runoff for residential toilet flushing
Abstract:
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Analysis of roof runoff harvesting systems for flushing toilets in different cities
15.3 Results of the analysis
15.4 Discussion of factors influencing rainwater harvesting system performance
15.5 Conclusions
Chapter 16: Urban water supply: modeling watersheds and treatment facilities
Abstract:
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Systems analysis of urban water infrastructure
16.3 Prospects for future urban water supply
16.4 Energy use in the water industry
Chapter 17: Water and wastewater treatment: chemical processes
Abstract:
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Chemical treatment of water and wastewater
17.3 Considerations in plant design
17.4 Challenges and future trends
17.5 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 18: Water and wastewater treatment: biological processes
Abstract:
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Biological treatment options for wastewater
18.3 Biological treatment options for water
18.4 Issues with environmental residuals
18.5 Sustainability challenges and future trends
Part V: Fire: urban energy supply and management
Chapter 19: Solar energy in the built environment: powering the sustainable city
Abstract:
19.1 Introduction: the potential of solar energy
19.2 Solar energy in metropolitan areas
19.3 Solar energy on the building scale
19.4 Photovoltaic solar systems
19.5 Solar thermal systems
19.6 Biological solar systems
19.7 Incentives for solar energy projects
Chapter 20: Wind energy in the built environment
Abstract:
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Wind energy basics
20.3 Wind flow in metropolitan areas
20.4 Wind power technologies
20.4.1 Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs)
20.4.2 Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs)
20.4.3 Building-integrated wind turbines
20.4.4 Large horizontal axis wind turbines
20.4.5 State of the market for small urban wind turbines
20.4.6 Rooftop wind turbine performance
20.5 Important considerations for urban wind energy
20.6 Conclusions and future trends
20.7 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 21: The role of waste-to-energy in urban infrastructure
Abstract:
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Characterization of urban wastes
21.3 Hierarchy of waste management
21.4 Effect of global waste management on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
21.5 Thermal treatment of post-recycling municipal solid wastes (MSW)
21.6 Economic aspects of urban waste management
21.7 Examples of cities approaching sustainable waste management
Chapter 22: Smart energy for cities: decentralized supply resources and their link to the modern grid
Abstract:
22.1 An introduction to decentralized energy
22.2 Costs and benefits of decentralized energy supply systems
22.3 Decentralized technologies for supplying power and thermal energy
22.4 A smarter electric grid
22.5 An alternative view for our future urban energy system
22.6 Conclusions and future trends
22.7 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 23: Bioenergy for the urban environment
Abstract:
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Conversion technologies: biomass to heat, power and transportation fuels
23.3 Tools for modelling biomass availability
23.4 Ensuring bioenergy sustainability
23.5 Future trends
23.6 Acknowledgements
Part VI: Sustainable urban development, transport and planning
Chapter 24: Planning for more sustainable urban development
Abstract:
24.1 Introduction
24.2 The nature of urban planning
24.3 Key aspects of urban sustainability planning
24.4 The challenge of public participation
24.5 Future trends
24.6 Conclusions
24.7 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 25: Sustainable urban transport planning
Abstract:
25.1 Sustainable urban mobility and land use
25.2 Transport choices in urban areas
25.3 From car ownership to mobility services: new approaches in transportation
25.4 Smart growth: linking land use planning and mobility
25.5 Recommendations for urban transportation
Chapter 26: The psychological needs of city dwellers: implications for sustainable urban planning
Abstract:
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Individual differences in city dwellers' needs
26.3 The need for quiet, unpolluted, natural and aesthetically pleasing areas
26.4 The need for security
26.5 The need for social interaction
26.6 Conclusions
Chapter 27: Possible futures for sustainable building design
Abstract:
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Reconsidering building systems relationships to facilitate sustainable building design
27.3 Three approaches to sustainable design and corresponding case studies
27.4 Conclusions
Chapter 28: Moving toward urban sustainability: using lessons and legacies of the past
Abstract:
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Crisis, transition and transformation in urban development
28.3 Environmental crises and transitions in New York City
28.4 Conclusions
Chapter 29: A vision of suburban sustainability: the Long Island Radically Rezoned project
Abstract:
29.1 Introduction
29.2 The inherent efficiency of cities
29.3 The new model of sustainability
29.4 Case study: Long Island Radically Rezoned - a regenerative vision for a living island
Index
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