Farāmarz, the Sistāni hero : texts and traditions of the Farāmarznāme and the Persian epic cycle

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書誌事項

Farāmarz, the Sistāni hero : texts and traditions of the Farāmarznāme and the Persian epic cycle

by Marjolijn van Zutphen

（Studies in Persian cultural history / editors, Charles Melville, Gabrielle van den Berg, Sunil Sharma, v. 6）

Brill, c2014

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注記

Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph.D.)--Leiden University, 2011

Bibliography: p. [734]-749

Summary: In Farāmarz, the Sistāni Hero, Marjolijn van Zutphen discusses the manuscripts, storylines and main themes of the shorter and the longer Farāmarznāme (c. 1100), in relation to Ferdowsi's Shāhnāme and several other later maṡnawis about the warriors from Sistān (the Persian Epic Cycle). Farāmarz, a secondary figure of the Shāhnāme, gained importance in later epic traditions and as the invincible protagonist of both Farāmarznāmes reached a status that equalled, if not surpassed, that of his famous father Rostam. Van Zutphen further shows how Farāmarz displays parallels to the fictional figures of Garshāsp (his ancestor) and Eskandar and argues that some story elements of Farāmarz's Indian conquest may be rooted in historical events from both the Parthian and the Ghaznawid period

Includes bibliographical reference (p. [734] -749) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

In Faramarz, the Sistani Hero Marjolijn van Zutphen discusses the manuscripts, storylines and main themes of the shorter and the longer Faramarzname (c. 1100), in relation to Ferdowsi's Shahname and several other later masnawis about the warriors from Sistan (the Persian Epic Cycle). Faramarz, a secondary figure of the Shahname, gained importance in later epic traditions and as the invincible protagonist of both Faramarznames reached a status that equalled, if not surpassed, that of his famous father Rostam. Van Zutphen further shows how Faramarz displays parallels to the fictional figures of Garshasp (his ancestor) and Eskandar and argues that some story elements of Faramarz's Indian conquest may be rooted in historical events from both the Parthian and the Ghaznawid period.

目次

  • Contents Preface Notes on transcription, dates, quotations and bibliographical citations Chronological table Map of greater Iran and northern India List of tables and figures Introduction PART I.FERDOWSI'S SHAHNAME AND THE PERSIAN EPIC CYCLE: TEXTS AND ORIGINS Chapter 1. The history of the kings, the Sistani cycle and the manuscript tradition 1. Ferdowsi's Shahname, its origins and supposed sources 1.1 Pre-Islamic origins 1.2 Other versions of the 'Book of Kings' in the Islamic period 1.3 Possible sources of the legends of Sistan 1.3.1 The narrations of Azadsarw 2. Parthian origins of the Sistani cycle: tentative links to historical events 2.1 The geo-political entity of Sistan 2.2 The Sakas, the Suren and the Sistani legends 2.2.1 Rostam and the hero of Carrhae 2.2.2 Faramarz and the Indo-Parthian empire of Gondophares 3. Shahname manuscripts and editions: reconstructions and reinterpretations 3.1 The culmination of a tradition of interpolating: London, British Library, MSS Or. 2926 and Or. 2976 (BL) 3.2 Editions of the Shahname: establishing a codified text Chapter 2. The Persian epic cycle 1. The later epics as a genre 1.1 Epic romances: a description 2. The poems making up the Persian epic cycle 2.1 A tentative classification 2.2 A descriptive overview 3. Origins and roles of the Sistani warriors 3.1 Possible origins of the later epics 3.2 Roles of the Sistani warriors in the Persian epic cycle PART II. FARAMARZ AND THE SISTANI DYNASTY: IN THE SHAHNAME, LATER EPICS AND HISTORIES Chapter 3. The Sistani dynasty in Ferdowsi's Shahname 1. The older generations, Rostam, Zal, Zaware and Sam 1.1 Roles in the Shahname 1.2 Rulers of Sistan, Zabolestan and India 2. The confusing situation of Garshasp 3. Bizhan, the son of Banu Goshasp: the union of two noble houses 4. Faramarz's appearances in the Shahname 4.1 The revenge of Siyawakhsh: Faramarz's debut as a warrior in the Iranian army 4.2 Key Khosrow sends Faramarz on campaign to India 4.3 The remainder of the reign of Key Khosrow: Faramarz in the background 4.4 The story of Rostam and Esfandiyar: Faramarz and Zaware propel the action 4.5 Faramarz avenges Rostam's death 4.6 Faramarz's end 4.7 Conclusion Chapter 4. Faramarz's role in six later epics 1. The Banu Goshaspname: Faramarz's youth 2. The Shabrangname: Faramarz's first test of war 3. The Jahangirname: Faramarz saves Jahangir's life 4. The Borzuname 4.1 The shorter Borzuname: Faramarz replaces his father 4.2 The longer Borzuname: Faramarz as a minor Sistani warrior 5. The Shahriyarname: Faramarz returns from India 6. The Bahmanname 6.1 Part 1 of the Bahmanname: Rostam's role 6.2 Parts 2-4: the battles between Bahman and the Sistani armies 7. Conclusion Chapter 5. Faramarz and the Sistani dynasty in six histories and an encyclopaedia 1. Tabari's universal history: Faramarz added to the history of the kings 2. Bal'ami: the Persian version of Tabari's History 2.1 Additions to Bal'ami's original text about Garshasp, Rostam and Faramarz 3. Sa'alebi's Arabic history of the Persian kings 3.1 Sa'alebi on the Sistani rulership 3.2 Sa'alebi on Faramarz 3.3 Sources: Sa'alebi versus Ferdowsi 4. The Mojmal al-tawarikh wa'l- qes as : a source on Persian epic traditions 4.1 Focus on the Sistani warriors: accounts from the Persian epic cycle 4.2 Faramarz in the Mojmal al-tawarikh 5. Shahmardan b. Abi'l-Kheyr's Nozhatname-ye 'ala'i: Faramarz's Indian campaign 6. Malek Shah Sistani's Eh ya' al-moluk and its example, the Tarikh-e Sistan 6.1 The anonymous Persian Tarikh-e Sistan: a source on the Sistani dynasty 6.2 The Ehya' al-moluk: stories from the Persian epic cycle 6.2.1 The older generations of Sistani warriors: the Tarikh-e Sistan combined with the Shahname and the Persian epic cycle 6.2.2 Faramarz and the younger Sistani generations: the Bahmanname and beyond 7. Conclusion PART III. THE SHORTER AND THE LONGER FARAMARZNAME: MANUSCRIPTS AND CONTENTS Chapter 6. Texts of the Faramarzname 1. The shorter Faramarzname 1.1 The separate epic, placed in the context of Faramarz's family 1.1.1 Oxford (MS Pers. e. 13) and London (MS Or. 2946), two near-identical copies 1.1.2 Paris (MS Suppl. persan 498), from the collection of Anquetil Duperron 1.2 A sequel to the Shabrangname, in Leiden (MS Acad. 150), BL (MS Or. 2926), and IO (MS IO Islamic 3263) 1.2.1 The interpolated Shabrangname and shorter Faramarzname of Mashhad (MS 4248) 1.3 A prequel to the longer Faramarzname, in the lithographed book (L) 1.4 The seven versions compared 1.5 Sarmadi's edition 2. The longer Faramarzname: the separate poem 2.1 RSPA (MS RSPA 176), the longer Faramarzname as a separate book 2.1.1 Comparison with the lay-out of the other two texts (IO and L) 2.2 IO (MS IO Islamic 3263), a mix of three stories dealing with Faramarz 2.3 The lithographed Faramarzname (L), the story of Faramarz's life 2.3.1 Contents of the book 3. The interpolated longer Faramarzname in four Shahname manuscripts 4. The Indian manuscripts: two shorter and four longer Faramarznames 5. Conclusion Chapter 7. The shorter Faramarzname 1. Previous research 1.1 The fame of Faramarz 1.2 The poet, the period and possible origins 2. The story 2.1 The beginning
  • Nowshad asks for assistance against five foes (S, vss 1-189) 2.2 Faramarz defeats Kannas Diw (S, vss 190-376) 2.3 Bizhan and Gorg-e guya (S, vss 377-554) 2.4 Faramarz deals with Mar-e jusha and with the rhinoceroses (S, vss 555-731) 2.5 The battle against Keyd (S, vss 732-1053) 2.6 Faramarz journeys onwards in pursuit of Keyd: the lands of Niknur and Saranj (S, vss 1054-1246) 2.7 Faramarz's conversation with a Brahman (S, vss 1247-1348) 2.8 Faramarz makes peace with Keyd and discusses with another Brahman (S, vss 1349-1595) 254 2.9 Variant readings: notable additions and omissions 2.9.1 The situation of Tahmur and Arwand Shah 2 2.9.2 Leiden's missing conversations with the Brahmans 3. Analysis 3.1 In imitation of Ferdowsi - and of Asadi 3.1.1 The poem's beginning and development 3.1.2 The fight against the dragon 3.1.3 A complaint of old age 3.2 Andarz: words of wisdom in an epic setting 3.2.1 Counsel in the form of a testament 3.2.2 Faramarz and the Brahmans: counsel and riddles 3.2.3 The dual nature of the poem: fighting vs. reasoning 3.3 Exaggeration and heroics 3.3.1 Fighting fantastic creatures 3.3.2 Easily defeated enemies: the heroics of Faramarz and Bizhan 3.4 Names and places: Faramarz's Indian conquest as an incentive for the Ghaznawids 3.4.1 Destination Delhi: geographical inconsistencies in the journey to Keyd's country 3.4.2 Familiar names: Keyd and Cheypal 3.5 An incomplete poem 4. Conclusion Chapter 8. The longer Faramarzname 1. Speculations on the poem's date and sources 2. THE INTRODUCTORY SECTION - TWO DIFFERENT VERSIONS 2.1. The manuscript version of the introduction (RSPA and IO), a paraphrase of a Shahname episode 2.1.1 A spurious introduction 2.1.2 Returning the focus to Faramarz 2.2 The lithographed introduction (L) 3. The main story - part one: Faramarz's campaign on the Indian mainland 3.1 Faramarz arrives in Khargah and opposes Toworg (RSPA, ff. 9v-27v) 3.2 Faramarz and the Raja of India (RSPA, ff. 28r-59r) 3.2.1 Faramarz and the Raja: comparison with the Nozhatname-ye 'ala'i 3.3 The confrontation with Maharak, governor of Kashmir (RSPA, ff. 59v-76r) 4. The interpolated longer Faramarzname: a retelling of the epic's first part 4.1 Illustrations of the interpolated longer Faramarzname: Faramarz in the limelight 5. The main story - part two: Faramarz's travels to the Indian islands 5.1 The islands of Farasang and Kahila: a battle and a brief romance (RSPA, ff. 77r-90v) 5.2 The islands of the Dawalpayan, the Filgushan, and the Brahmans: pugnacious peoples and a wise conversation (RSPA, ff. 91r-104v) 5.3 Faramarz goes up against a bird, a dragon, and the Zangiyan (RSPA, ff. 104v-111r) 5.4 In Qeyrawan: Garshasp's testament and the defeat of the dragon, the lions, and the rhinoceroses (RSPA, ff. 111v-129r) 5.5 Faramarz receives help from the Simorgh and finds the tomb of king Hushang (RSPA, ff. 129v-138v) 5.6 King Farghan, Mount Qaf, and the demons of Kalankuh (RSPA, ff. 138v-149v) 5.7 Faramarz falls in love: his encounters with Siyah Diw and his letter to king Farturtush (RSPA, ff. 149v-168r) 5.8 Faramarz's haft khan (RSPA, ff. 168r-179v) 5.9 Faramarz becomes Farturtush's son-in-law, goes back to Iran, and thereafter returns to rule India (RSPA, ff. 179v-193v) 6. Analysis 6.1 Links to the Shahname: further evidence of a former interpolation 6.2 Resemblances to certain Shahname stories 6.2.1 Faramarz's nightly adventure with the princess: in imitation of Rostam 6.2.2 Similarities between Faramarz and Zal: Simorgh and the love story 6.2.3 Faramarz's haft khan, compared with Rostam's and Esfandiyar's 6.2.4 Andarz: Buzorjmehr's words put in the Brahman's mouth 6.3 Reminders of traditions about Eskandar 6.3.1 Acting as his own messenger 6.3.2 Peoples with strange features: the Dawalpayan and the Filgushan 6.3.3 The land of the Zangiyan and the demons of Kalankuh 6.4 Faramarz in love with the fairy princess: a comparison with the Samname 6.5. Parallels to the Garshaspname 6.5.1 Dealings with rebellious Indian rulers: Maharak and Bahu 6.5.2 Travels around the islands: marvels or just a set of adventures? 6.5.3 In the footsteps of the Sistani ancestors 6.6 Inconsistencies within the rubrics and the storyline 6.7 Faramarz as ruler of India 6.7.1 The two parts of the poem connected: the Sistani rule of India 6.7.2 Faramarz's conquest and historical reality: a connection to the Ghaznawids 7. Conclusion Conclusion. Faramarz, the hero 1. Faramarz, the historical conqueror 1.1 Faramarz and the Indo-Parthians 1.2 Faramarz and the Ghaznawids 1.3 Faramarz, a historical hero? 2. Faramarz, the epic warrior and the folktale hero 3. Faramarz, hero of the later Shahname manuscripts Appendix 1. Manuscripts and lithographs of the Shahname and the later epics 1. Manuscripts 2. Lithographed editions Appendix 2. Rubrics of the shorter Faramarzname 1. The rubrics of London (and Oxford) and Paris compared 2. The rubrics of L, BL, IO and Leiden compared Appendix 3. Comparison of the verses of the texts of the shorter Faramarzname Appendix 4. Rubrics of the longer Faramarzname Appendix 5. Comparison of the verses of the texts of the longer Faramarzname Appendix 6. Rubrics of the interpolated longer Faramarzname Bibliography 1. Primary sources 1.1 Manuscripts 1.2 Lithographed books 1.3 Printed editions 2. Secondary sources Index

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