Essentials of social statistics for a diverse society
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書誌事項
Essentials of social statistics for a diverse society
Sage, c2015
2nd ed
- : pbk
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Brief version of the authors' Social statistics for a diverse society now in its seventh edition
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Essentials of Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, Second Edition provides students with a briefer, less expensive version of the successful Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, now in its Seventh Edition. As in the parent text, this concise statistics text puts a strong emphasis on the theme of diversity, which is illustrated through the use of real data in examples from contemporary social issues. The book's informational and inviting writing style, coupled with the use of real-world examples and data applications, makes the book a more accessible and engaging resource for students.
目次
CHAPTER 1: The What and the Why of Statistics
The Research Process
Asking Research Questions
The Role of Theory
Formulating the Hypotheses
Collecting Data
A Cautionary Note: Measurement Error
Analyzing Data and Evaluating the Hypotheses
Looking at Social Differences
CHAPTER 2: The Organization and Graphic Presentation of Data
Frequency Distributions
Proportions and Percentages
Percentage Distributions
Comparisons
Statistics in Practice: Labor Force Participation Among Foreign Born
The Construction of Frequency Distributions
Cumulative Distributions
Rates
Statistics in Practice: Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates Over Time
Reading the Research Literature: Statistical Tables
The Pie Chart: Race and Ethnicity of the Elderly
The Bar Graph: Marital Status of the Elderly
The Histogram
Statistics in Practice: Gender and Age
The Line Graph
Time-Series Charts
A Cautionary Note: Distortions in Graphs
Statistics in Practice: The Graphic Presentation of Education
CHAPTER 3: Measures of Central Tendency
The Mode
The Median
Statistics in Practice: Gendered Income Inequality
The Mean
Finding the Mean in a Frequency Distribution
The Shape of the Distribution: Television, Education, and Siblings
Considerations for Choosing a Measure of Central Tendency
A Cautionary Note: Representing Income
CHAPTER 4: Measures of Variability
The Importance of Measuring Variability
The Range
The Interquartile Range: Increases in Elderly Population
The Variance and the Standard Deviation: Changes in the Elderly Populations
Considerations for Choosing a Measure of Variation
Reading the Research Literature: Differences in College Aspirations and Expectations Among
CHAPTER 5: The Normal Distribution
Properties of the Normal Distribution
Standard (Z) Scores
The Standard Normal Distribution
The Standard Normal Table
Transforming Proportions (or Percentages) Into Z Scores
CHAPTER 6: Sampling and Sampling Distributions
The Concept of the Sampling Distribution
The Sampling Distribution of the Mean
The Central Limit Theorem
Statistics in Practice: The Central Limit Theorem
CHAPTER 7: Estimation
Estimation Defined
Procedures for Estimating Confidence Intervals for Means
Confidence Intervals for Proportions
Statistics in Practice: The 2012 Benghazi Terrorist Attack Investigation
A Cautionary Note: The Margin of Error
CHAPTER 8: Testing Hypotheses
Assumptions of Statistical Hypothesis Testing
Stating the Research and Null Hypotheses
Determining What Is Sufficiently Improbable: Probability Values and Alpha
The Five Steps in Hypothesis Testing: A Summary
Errors in Hypothesis Testing
Statistics in Practice: The Earnings of White Women
Testing Hypotheses About Two Samples
The Sampling Distribution of the Difference Between Means
Population Variances Are Assumed to Be Unequal
The Five Steps in Hypothesis Testing About Difference Between Means: A Summary
Focus on Interpretation: Cigarette Use Among Teens
Testing the Significance of the Difference Between Two Sample Proportions
Statistics in Practice: Comparing First- and Second-Generation Hispanic Americans
Is There a Significant Difference?
Reading the Research Literature: Reporting the Results of Statistical Hypothesis Testing
CHAPTER 9: Bivariate Tables
Independent and Dependent Variables
How to Construct a Bivariate Table: Race and Home Ownership
How to Compute Percentages in a Bivariate Table
How to Deal With Ambiguous Relationships Between Variables
Reading the Research Literature: Place of Death in America
The Properties of a Bivariate Relationship
Elaboration
The Concept of Chi-Square as a Statistical Test
The Concept of Statistical Independence
The Structure of Hypothesis Testing With Chi-Square
Sample Size and Statistical Significance for Chi-Square
Focus on Interpretation: Education and Health Assessment
Proportional Reduction of Error: A Brief Introduction
What Is Strong? What Is Weak? A Guide to Interpretation
Lambda: A Measure of Association for Nominal Variables
Cramer's V: A Chi-Square-Related Measure of Association for Nominal Variables
Focus on Interpretation: Gamma and Kendall's Tau-b
Using Ordinal Measures With Dichotomous Variables
Focus on Interpretation: The Gender Gap in Gun Control
CHAPTER 10: Analysis of Variance
Understanding Analysis of Variance
The Structure of Hypothesis Testing With ANOVA
The Five Steps in Hypothesis Testing: A Summary
Assessing the Relationship Between Variables
Focus on Interpretation: Are Immigrants Good for America's Economy?
Reading the Research Literature: Stresses and Strains Among Grandmother Caregivers
CHAPTER 11: Regression and Correlation
The Scatter Diagram
Linear Relations and Prediction Rules
Statistics in Practice: Median Household Income and Criminal Behavior
Methods for Assessing the Accuracy of Predictions
Statistics in Practice: Teen Pregnancy and Social Inequality
Focus on Interpretation: The Marriage Penalty in Earnings
A Cautionary Note: Spurious Correlations and Confounding Effects
Appendix A. The Standard Normal Table
Appendix B. Distribution of t
Appendix C. Distribution of Chi-Square
Appendix D. Distribution of F
Appendix E. A Basic Math Review
Learning Check Solutions
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises
Glossary
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