Ecological biochemistry : environmental and interspecies interactions
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書誌事項
Ecological biochemistry : environmental and interspecies interactions
Wiley-VCH, c2015
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Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The first stand-alone textbook for at least ten years on this increasingly hot topic in times of global climate change and sustainability in ecosystems.
Ecological biochemistry refers to the interaction of organisms with their abiotic environment and other organisms by chemical means. Biotic and abiotic factors determine the biochemical flexibility of organisms, which otherwise easily adapt to environmental changes by altering their metabolism. Sessile plants, in particular, have evolved intricate biochemical response mechanisms to fit into a changing environment. This book covers the chemistry behind these interactions, bottom up from the atomic to the system's level.
An introductory part explains the physico-chemical basis and biochemical roots of living cells, leading to secondary metabolites as crucial bridges between organisms and the respective ecosystem. The focus then shifts to the biochemical interactions of plants, fungi and bacteria within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with the aim of linking biochemical insights to ecological research, also in human-influenced habitats.
A section is devoted to methodology, which allows network-based analyses of molecular processes underlying systems phenomena.
A companion website offering an extended version of the introductory chapter on Basic Biochemical Roots is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/Krauss/Nies/EcologicalBiochemistry
目次
List of Contributors XVII
Foreword XXI
Preface XXIII
CompanionWebsite XXV
Part I: Basics of Life 1
1 Basic Biochemical Roots 3
Dietrich H. Nies
1.1 Chemistry and Physics of Life 3
1.2 Energy and Transport 3
1.3 Basic Biochemistry 4
2 Specialized PlantMetabolites: Diversity and Biosynthesis 15
Alain Tissier, Joerg Ziegler, and Thomas Vogt
2.1 Metabolite Diversity 15
2.2 Major Classes of Plant Specialized Compounds 16
2.3 Sites of Biosynthesis and Accumulation 33
2.4 Evolution of Specialized Pathway Genes 34
3 Evolution of SecondaryMetabolism in Plants 39
MichaelWink
3.1 Origins of Plant Secondary Metabolism 39
3.2 Evolutionary Alternatives 41
3.3 Endophytes, Symbiotic, and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 45
Part II: Ecological Signatures of Life 49
4 Systematics of Life, Its Early Evolution, and Ecological Diversity 51
Dietrich H. Nies
4.1 Cellular Life Forms and Subcellular Parasites 51
4.2 Superkingdom Archaea 51
4.3 Superkingdom Bacteria 55
4.4 Superkingdom Eukaryota 59
5 Communities and Ecosystem Functioning 77
Heinz Rennenberg
5.1 Competition for, and Distribution of, Limiting Resources as a Means of Ecosystem Functioning 77
5.2 Joint Exploitation of Limiting Resources by Symbioses 79
5.3 Avoidance of Competition 89
5.4 Facilitation Mechanisms in Communities and Ecosystem Functioning 90
6 Food Chains and Nutrient Cycles 93
Felix Barlocher and Heinz Rennenberg
6.1 Basic Concepts 93
6.2 Aquatic Systems 97
6.3 Terrestrial Systems 109
Part III: Biochemical Response to Physiochemical Stress (Abiotic Stress) 123
7 Information Processing and Survival Strategies 125
Ingo Heilmann
7.1 The Stress Concept--Plants and Their Environment 125
7.2 Plant Signal Transduction and the Induction of Stress Responses 126
7.3 Phytohormones 130
7.4 Other Signaling Molecules 141
7.5 Signal Transduction by Protein Phosphorylation 148
7.6 The Calcium Signaling Network 149
7.7 Stress-Induced Modulation of Gene Expression by microRNAs 150
8 Oxygen 155
Karl-Josef Dietz
8.1 Chemical Nature of Oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species 155
8.2 Oxygen Metabolism 156
8.3 Oxygen Sensing 160
8.4 Antioxidant Defense 161
8.5 Reactive Oxygen Species in Abiotic Stresses 162
8.6 Reactive Oxygen Species in Biotic Interactions 164
8.7 Cell Signaling Function of Reactive Oxygen Species 165
9 Light 171
Thomas Kretsch
9.1 Principles of Light Detection and Photoreceptor Function 171
9.2 Sensing of UV-B Light 175
9.3 The LOV Domain: A Variable Molecular Building Block of Many Blue and UV-A Light Sensors 176
9.4 Cryptochromes 179
9.5 Phytochromes 180
9.6 Other Photoreceptor Systems 185
9.7 Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Plants -- a Model for a Light-Regulated Adaptation Process 185
10 Water 191
Wiebke Zschiesche and Klaus Humbeck
10.1 Water: the Essence of Life 191
10.2 Water Balance in Plants 192
10.3 Drought Stress 194
10.4 Cold Stress and Freezing 200
10.5 Salinity 201
10.6 Flooding Stress 205
11 Mineral Deficiencies 209
11.1 Mineral Requirement and Insufficiencies 209
Edgar Peiter
11.2 Carnivorous Plants and Fungi 224
Gerd-Joachim Krauss and Gudrun Krauss
12 Excess of Metals 237
Dietrich H. Nies, Eva Freisinger, and Gerd-Joachim Krauss
12.1 Properties of Transition Metals 237
12.2 Metal Transport through Cell Membranes 238
12.3 Biochemistry of the Minor Biometals: Essential, Desired, but Also Toxic 240
12.4 Biochemistry of Chemical ElementsWithout Known Biological Functions 244
12.5 Metal-Binding Peptides and Proteins Involved in Transition Metal Homeostasis 246
12.6 Interaction of Plants and Fungi with Metals 251
13 Xenobiotics from Human Impacts 259
Magali Sole and Dietmar Schlosser
13.1 Xenobiotics: from Emission to Cellular Uptake 259
13.2 Adverse Effects of Xenobiotics: from Cells to Ecosystems 265
13.3 Organismal Responses: Biochemical Elimination of Xenobiotics 268
Part IV: Organismal Interactions (Biotic Stress) 277
14 The Biofilm Mode of Life 279
Hans-Curt Flemming
14.1 What are Biofilms? 279
14.2 Environmental Roles of Biofilms 280
14.3 Life Cycle of Biofilms 281
14.4 Investigation of Biofilms 283
14.5 The Matrix: Extracellular Polymeric Substances 284
14.6 Communication in Biofilms 287
14.7 Enhanced Resistance of Biofilm Organisms 288
14.8 Emergent Properties of the Biofilm Mode of Life 290
15 Rhizosphere Interactions 293
Silvia D. Schrey, Anton Hartmann, and Rudiger Hampp
15.1 Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere 294
15.2 Fungi of the Rhizosphere 303
15.3 Plant--Plant Interactions 306
16 Plant-Animal Dialogues 313
Susanne Preiss, Joerg Degenhardt, and Jonathan Gershenzon
16.1 The Flower Pollinator System 313
16.2 Ant--Plant--Fungus Mutualism, a Three-Way Interaction 319
16.3 Phenolics in the Interaction between Plant and Animals 320
16.4 Alkaloids in the Interaction between Plants and Animals 321
16.5 Terpenes in Plant Defense 325
Part V: The Methodological Platform 331
17 Sensing of Pollutant Effects and Bioremediation 333
Gerd-Joachim Krauss and Dietmar Schlosser
17.1 Pollutant Effect and Approaches to Characterize Exposure 333
17.2 Ecological Restoration and Bioremediation 335
17.2.1 Biological Ecosystem Components Mitigating Environmental Pollution 335
17.2.2 Present and Future Directions 338
18 The -Omics Tool Box 343
Dirk Schaumloeffel
18.1 Genomics 343
18.2 Transcriptomics 345
18.3 Proteomics 346
18.4 Metabolomics 356
18.5 Metallomics 360
19 Microscope Techniques and Single Cell Analysis 367
Bettina Hause and Gerd Hause
19.1 Visualization Principles 367
19.2 Preparation of Biological Materials 373
19.3 Detection Methods -- from Macromolecules to Ions 375
19.4 Single Cell Technologies 380
References 382
Further Reading 382
Glossary 383
Index 397
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