Writing research papers : a complete guide

著者

• Lester, James D.
• Lester, James D.

書誌事項

Writing research papers : a complete guide

James D. Lester, James D. Lester, Jr

Pearson, c2015

15th ed

• : paperbound

注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The definitive research paper guide, Writing Research Papers combines a traditional and practical approach to the research process with the latest information on electronic research and presentation. This market-leading text provides students with step-by-step guidance through the research writing process, from selecting and narrowing a topic to formatting the finished document. Writing Research Papers backs up its instruction with the most complete array of samples of any writing guide of this nature. The text continues its extremely thorough and accurate coverage of citation styles for a wide variety of disciplines. The fourteenth edition maintains Lester's successful approach while bringing new writing and documentation updates to assist the student researcher in keeping pace with electronic sources.

目次

Preface Chapter 1 Writing from Research 1a Why Do Research? 1b Learning The Conventions of Academic Writing 1c Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism 1d Understanding a Research Assignment Understanding the Terminology 1e Establishing a Research Schedule Chapter 2 Finding a Topic 2a Relating Your Personal Ideas to a Scholarly Problem Connecting Personal Experience to Scholarly Topics Speculating about Your Subject to Discover Ideas and to Focus on the Issues 2b Talking with Others to Find and Refine the Topic Personal Interviews and Discussions Online Discussion Groups 2c Using Online Searches to Refine Your Topic Using an Online Subject Directory Using an Internet Keyword Search 2d Using the Library's Electronic Databases to Find and Narrow a Subject 2e Using the Library's Electronic Book Catalog to Find a Topic 2f Developing a Thesis Statement, Enthymeme, or Hypothesis 2g Drafting a Research Proposal The Short Proposal The Long Proposal Your Research Project Chapter 3 Organizing Ideas and Setting Goals 3a Using a Basic Order to Chart the Course of Your Work 3b Using Your Research Proposal to Direct Your Notetaking 3c Listing Key Terms and Phrases to Set Directions for Notetaking 3d Writing a Rough Outline 3e Using Questions to Identify Issues 3f Setting Goals by Using Organizational Patterns 3g Using Approaches across the Curriculum to Chart Your Ideas 3h Using Your Thesis to Chart the Direction of Your Research Your Research Project Chapter 4 Gathering Sources Online 4a Beginning an Online Search CHECKLIST: Evaluating Internet Sources 4b Reading an Online Address 4c Using Keyword and Boolean Expressions Subject Directory Search Engines Robot-Driven Search Engines Metasearch Engines Specialized Search Engines Educational Search Engines Educational Search Engines Maintained by Libraries 4d Using RSS and Social Bookmarking RSS Feeds Web and Social Bookmarking 4e Searching for Articles in Journals and Magazines Online journals Online Magazines 4f Searching for Articles in Newspapers and Media Sources 4g Searching for Photographs and Other Visual Sources 4h Accessing E-Books 4i Using Listserv, Usenet, Blogs, and Chat Groups E-mail News Groups Real-Time Chatting 4j Examining Library Holdings via Online Access 4k Finding an Internet Bibliography 4l Conducting Archival Research on the Internet Go to the Library Go to an Edited Search Engine Go to a Metasearch Engine Go to a Listserv or Usenet Group Utilize Newspaper Archives Your Research Project Chapter 5 Gathering Data in the Library 5a Launching the Search 5b Developing a Working Bibliography 5c Finding Books on Your Topic Using Your Library's Electronic Book Catalog Using the Library's Bibliographies 5d Finding Articles in Magazines and Journals Searching the General Indexes to Periodicals Finding Indexes by Topic in Appendix B Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature Social Sciences Index Humanities Index Searching for an Index to Abstracts Searching for Abstracts of Dissertations 5e Searching for a Biography Biography Index Current Biography Yearbook Contemporary Authors Dictionary of Literary Biography 5f Searching for Articles in the Newspaper Indexes 5g Searching Special Subject Directories 5h Searching for Government Documents 5i Searching for Essays within Books Your Research Project Chapter 6 Conducting Field Research 6a Investigating Local Sources Interviewing Knowledgeable People Writing Letters and Corresponding by E-mail Reading Personal Papers Attending Lectures and Public Addresses 6b Investigating Government Documents 6c Examining Audiovisual Materials, Television, and Radio 6d Conducting a Survey with a Questionnaire 6e Conducting Experiments, Tests, and Observation Your Research Project Chapter 7 Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism 7a Using Sources to Enhance your Credibility 7b Placing Your Work in Its Proper Context 7c Understanding Copyright 7d Avoiding Plagiarism Common Knowledge Correctly Borrowing from a Source 7e Sharing Credit in Collaborative Projects 7f Honoring and Crediting Sources in Online Classrooms 7g Seeking Permission to Publish Material on Your Web Site Your Research Project Chapter 8 Reading and Evaluating Sources 8a Finding Reliable Sources 8b Selecting a Mix of both Primary and Secondary Sources 8c Evaluating Sources Evaluating the Key Parts of an Article Evaluating the Key Parts of a Book Evaluating the Key Parts of an Internet Article 8d Outlining a Source 8e Summarizing a Source 8f Preparing an Annotated Bibliography 8g Preparing a Review of the Literature on a Topic Your Research Project Chapter 9 Writing Effective Notes and Creating Outlines Gathering Printouts, Photocopies, Scanned Images, and Downloaded Data Writing Notes of High Quality 9a Creating Effective Notes Honoring the Conventions of Research Style Using a Computer for Notetaking 9b Writing Personal Notes 9c Writing Direct Quotation Notes Quoting Primary Sources Quoting Secondary Sources 9d Writing Paraphrased Notes 9e Writing Summary Notes 9f Writing Precis Notes Use the Precis to Review Briefly an Article or Book Use the Precis to Write an Annotated Bibliography Use the Precis in a Plot Summary Note Use the Precis As the Form for an Abstract 9g Writing Notes from Field Research 9h Creating Outlines Using Academic Models A General All-Purpose Model Model for Advancing Your Ideas and Theories Model for the Analysis of Creative Works Model for Argument and Persuasion Papers Model for Analysis of History Model for a Comparative Study 9i Writing a Formal Outline Using Standard Outline Symbols Writing a Formal Topic Outline Writing a Formal Sentence Outline Your Research Project Chapter 10 Drafting the Paper in an Academic Style 10a Focusing Your Argument Maintaining a Focus on Objective Facts and Subjective Ideas 10b Refining the Thesis Statement Using Questions to Focus the Thesis Adjust or Change Your Thesis during Research if Necessary 10c Writing an Academic Title 10d Drafting the Paper from Your Research Journal, Notes, and Computer Files Writing from Your Notes Writing with Unity and Coherence Writing in the Proper Tense Using the Language of the Discipline Using Source Material to Enhance Your Writing Writing in the Third Person Writing with the Passive Voice in an Appropriate Manner 10e Using Visuals Effectively in a Research Essay File Formats 10f Avoiding Sexist and Biased Language Your Research Project Chapter 11 Blending Reference Material into Your Writing by Using MLA Style 11a Blending Reference Citations into Your Text Making a General Reference without a Page Number Beginning with the Author and Ending with a Page Number Putting the Page Number Immediately after the Name Putting the Name and Page Number at the End of Borrowed Material 11b Citing a Source When No Author Is Listed Citing the Title of a Magazine Article Citing the Title of a Report Citing the Name of a Publisher or a Corporate Body 11c Citing Nonprint Sources That Have No Page Number 11d Citing Internet Sources Identify the Source with Name or Title Identify the Nature of the Information and Its Credibility Omitting Page and Paragraph Numbers to Internet Citations 11e Citing Indirect Sources 11f Citing Frequent Page References to the Same Work 11g Citing Material from Textbooks and Large Anthologies 11h Adding Extra Information to In-text Citations One of Several Volumes Two or More Works by the Same Writer Several Authors in One Citation Additional Information with the Page Number 11i Punctuating Citations Properly and With Consistency Commas and Periods Semicolons and Colons Question Marks and Exclamation Marks Single Quotation Marks 11j Indenting Long Quotations 11k Citing Poetry Quoting Two Lines of Poetry or Less Quoting Three Lines of Poetry or More Indenting Turnovers for Long Lines of Poetry Retaining Internal Quotations within a Block Providing Translations 11l Handling Quotations from a Play 11m Altering Initial Capitals in Some Quoted Matter 11n Omitting Quoted Matter with Ellipsis Points 11o Altering Quotations with Parentheses and Brackets Parentheses Brackets Your Research Project Chapter 12 Writing the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion 12a Writing the Introduction of the Paper Provide the Thesis Statement Provide the Enthymeme Provide a Hypothesis Relate to the Well Known Provide Background Information Review the Literature Review the History and Background of the Subject Take Exception to Critical Views Challenge an Assumption Provide a Brief Summary Define Key Terms Supply Data, Statistics, and Special Evidence 12b Writing the Body of the Research Paper Organize by Chronology Compare or Contrast Issues, Critical Views, and Literary Characters Develop Cause and Effect Define Your Key Terminology Explain a Process Ask Questions and Provide Answers Cite Evidence from the Source Materials Use a Variety of Other Methods 12c Writing the Conclusion of the Research Paper Restate the Thesis and Reach beyond It Close With an Effective Quotation Return the Focus of a Literary Study to the Author Compare the Past to the Present Offer a Directive or Solution Discuss Test Results Your Research Project Chapter 13 Revising, Proofreading, and Formatting the Rough Draft 13a Conducting a Global Revision Revising the Introduction Revising the Body Revising the Conclusion Participating in Peer Review 13b Formatting the Paper to MLA Style Title Page or Opening Page Outline Abstract The Text of the Paper Content Endnotes Page Appendix Works Cited 13c Editing Before Typing or Printing the Final Manuscript Using the Computer to Edit Your Text 13d Proofreading on the Screen and on the Printed Manuscript Your Research Project 13e Sample Research Papers in MLA Style Short Literary Research Paper Sample Research Paper Chapter 14 Works Cited: MLA Style 14a Formatting the Works Cited Page Index to Works Cited Models: MLA STYLE 14b Works Cited Form - Internet Sources 14c Works Cited Form - Citing Database and CD-ROM Sources Other Electronic Sources 14d Works Cited Form - Books 14e Works Cited Form - Periodicals 14f Works Cited Form - Newspapers 14g Works Cited Form - Government Documents 14h Works Cited Form - Other Sources Chapter 15 Writing in APA Style 15a Writing Theory, Reporting Test Results, or Reviewing Literature Theoretical Article Report of an Empirical Study Review Article 15b Writing in the Proper Tense for an APA Research Paper 15c Using In-text Citations in APA Style 15d Preparing the List of References Index to Bibliographic Models: APA style Book Periodical Abstract Review Report Nonprint Material Internet Sources World Wide Web Sites Article from a Library Database CD-ROM 15e Formatting an APA Paper Theoretical Article Report of Empirical Research Review Article 15f Writing the Abstract 15g Sample Paper in APA Style Chapter 16 The Footnote System: CMS Style 16a Inserting a Superscript Numeral in Your Text 16b Formatting and Writing the Footnotes 16c Writing Footnotes for Electronic Sources 16d Writing Subsequent Footnote References 16e Writing Endnotes rather than Footnotes 16f Writing Content Footnotes or Content Endnotes 16g Using the Footnote System for Papers in the Humanities 16h Writing a Bibliography Page for a Paper That Uses Footnotes 16i Sample Research Paper in the CMS Style Chapter 17 CSE Style for the Natural and Applied Sciences Guide by Discipline Index to Bibliographic Models: CSE style 17a Writing In-Text Citations Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System 17b Writing a Reference Page 17c Writing In-Text Citations with Name and Year 17d Using Name-Year with Bibliography Entries 17e Sample Paper Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System Chapter 18 Creating Electronic Research Projects 18a Beginning the Electronic Project 18b Building Electronic Presentations 18c Research Paper Web Pages and Sites Creating a Single Web Page Importing, Entering, and Modifying Text Citing Your Sources in a Web Research Paper 18d Using Graphics in Your Electronic Research Paper Graphic File Formats Creating Your Own Digital Graphics 18e Using Sound and Video in Your Electronic Research Paper 18f Preparing a Writing Portfolio 18g Presenting Research in Alternative Formats Your Research Project Appendix A Glossary: Rules and Techniques for Preparing the Manuscript in MLA Style Appendix B Finding Reference Works for Your General Topic Historic Issues of Events, People, and Artifacts Scientific Issues in Physics, Astronomy, and Engineering Issues of Health, Fitness, and Athletics Social and Political Issues Issues in the Arts, Literature, Music, and Language Environmental Issues, Genetics, and the Earth Sciences Issues in Communication and Information Technology Issues in Religion, Philosophy, and Psychology Issues in Business and Economics Popular Culture, Current Events, and Modem Trends Credits Index

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BB18566771
• ISBN:
  • 9780321952950
• LCCN: 2013036786
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Boston
• ページ数/冊数: xviii, 398 p.
• 大きさ: 23 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : LB2369
  • DC23 : 808.02
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Report writing -- Handbooks, manuals, etc
  • LCSH : Research -- Handbooks, manuals, etc