The forgotten majority : German merchants in London, naturalization, and global trade, 1660-1815
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Bibliographic Information
The forgotten majority : German merchants in London, naturalization, and global trade, 1660-1815
（Studies in British and Imperial history, v. 3）
Berghahn, c2015
English-language ed
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Deutsche Kaufleute in London
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German-language edition entitled Deutsche Kaufleute in London : Welthandel und Einbürgerung (1660-1818); published by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, München, 2007
Includes bibliographical references (p. 272-299) and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
The "forgotten majority" of German merchants in London between the end of the Hanseatic League and the end of the Napoleonic Wars became the largest mercantile Christian immigrant group in the eighteenth century. Using previously neglected and little used evidence, this book assesses the causes of their migration, the establishment of their businesses in the capital, and the global reach of the enterprises. As the acquisition of British nationality was the admission ticket to Britain's commercial empire, it investigates the commercial function of British naturalization policy in the early modern period, while also considering the risks of failure and chance for a new beginning in a foreign environment. As more German merchants integrated into British commercial society, they contributed to London becoming the leading place of exchange between the European continent, Russia, and the New World.
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction
Sources and Outline
Chapter 1. Naturalizing Newcomers for Prosperity (1660-1818)
Early Modern English Naturalization Law
Naturalized Subjects: Their Numbers and Native Lands
The Occupations of German Immigrants who became English Subjects
Chapter 2. Furthering Anglo-German Trade in the Seventeenth Century
Reorganizing Anglo-German Trade during the 1600s
London's German Merchants after 1660
Lack of Trust and Understanding: Challenges for Both Sides
German Merchant Trade in London
Trading Regions and Commodities
Late-Seventeenth-Century German Trade Networks
German Merchants and London Trade Companies
Fighting Regulated Companies
Politics and Commerce
Chapter 3. Eighteenth-Century German Houses and Trade
London's German Trade Houses
Starting out in London: The Way to Independence
Trade Houses and Partners
Chain Migration, Successors, and Transnational Alliances
A German Perspective on the Development of Bilateral Trade
The Rise and Organization of Early "Merchant Empires"
Connecting Colonial Empires
Early Merchant Empires - flexible and vulnerable
Chapter 4. German Merchants in the Levant and Russia Companies
British Trade with Russia and the Levant
Naturalized Merchants in the Levant Company
Naturalized Merchants in the Russia Company
The Russia Company's Struggle with Naturalization Practices
Naturalized Citizens and the Russia Company's Office in St. Petersburg
The Bank of Scotland's Right to Naturalize
Chapter 5. Favorable Markets and Bankruptcy
Insurance and Trade at London's German Trade Houses
London's Early Insurance Business
Networking Europe with the Americas and Asia
The Bankruptcy Trend and the Naturalized Subjects' Bankruptcies
Waves of Bankruptcy during the Coalition Wars
The Size of Failed Trade Houses during the Era of the Coalition Wars
Muilman & Nantes
Theophilus Blanckenhagen
Persent & Bodecker
Oom, Hoolboom, Knoblock & Co. and Hippius & Co.
Estates of the Failed
Certificate of Conformity and Brokering Commodities: Starting all over
Commodity Brokers and the Freedom of the City
Conclusion
Historical Sources
Bibliography
Index
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