How the special needs brain learns
著者
書誌事項
How the special needs brain learns
Corwin Press, c2007
2nd ed
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-229) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
'This is a well-written and practical guide for parents and practitioners working with children with additional needs, providing a comprehensive overview of the field and rooted in a desire to facilitate effective support and to enable children to fulfill their potential' - SEN Magazine
Since the publication of the first edition, there have been major developments in our understanding of how the human brain develops and functions. New technologies, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, have emerged to investigate cerebral processes. Researchers in genetics have found new links to physical, psychological, and learning disorders. The discovery of mirror neurons may explain why certain learning problems arise and yield clues as to how they can be treated. All of the chapters in this second edition have undergone major revisions to include these developments and the findings of new studies. In addition, the author has:
* Expanded and updated the chapters on attention disorders and autism spectrum disorders, illustrating the increased interest in these conditions
* Revised the chapters on reading disabilities and emotional and behavioral disorders to reflect new research discoveries and treatments
* Recast the final chapter to include a practical framework for identifying, accommodating, and motivating students with learning difficulties
* Included references to more than 230 new scientific studies for those who wish to read the original research
* Eliminated the chapter on sleep disorders because they do not identify a special learning need
Researchers and clinicians have made considerable progress in recent years understanding the genetic and environmental triggers that result in learning problems in children and adolescents. Nonetheless, arriving at a specific diagnosis can be tricky. Teachers and parents often cannot tell the difference between a normally rambunctious child and one who may have a developmental disorder. The information here will provide educators and parents with some of the strategies they need to help their students and children lead happy and successful lives.
目次
List of Strategies to Consider
About the Author
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Who Are Special Needs Students?
Can Brain Research Help?
What Is in This Book?
A Word of Caution
1. The Brain and Learning
Some Exterior Parts of the Brain
Lobes of the Brain
Motor Cortex and Somatosensory Cortex
Cerebellum
Some Interior Parts of the Brain
Brainstem
Limbic Area
Cerebrum
Brain Cells
Learning and Retention
Implications for Students With Learning Disabilities
Rehearsal
Learning Motor Skills
How Different Are the Brains of Today's Students?
The Search for Novelty
Have Schools Changed to Deal With This Different Brain?
2. When Learning Difficulties Arise
Research Examines Learning Disabilities
Possible Causes of Learning Disabilities
Gender Differences
What Forms of Instruction Are Most Effective?
Misconceptions About Learning Disabilities
Gifted Children With Learning Disabilities
Responsiveness to Intervention
Key Elements of Responsiveness to Intervention
Helping Students Become Strategic Learners
What Is Learning?
Learning Difficulties of Students With Learning Disabilities
What Are Learning Strategies?
How Important Is Self-Esteem?
3. Attention Disorders
Research Findings
What Is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
What Causes ADHD?
Is ADHD Inherited?
IS ADHD on the Increase?
Is it Possible to Have ADHD-Like Behavior and Not Have ADHD?
The Future of ADHD Research and Treatment
What Educators Need to Consider
4. Speech Disabilities
Learning Spoken Language
Is Language Prewired in the Brain?
Speech and Language Patterns by Age
Putting the Language Components Together
Problems in Learning Spoken Language
Language Problems With Children and Adolescents
Language Deficits and Learning a Second Language
The Future of Speech-Language Disorders Research
What Educators Need to Consider
5. Reading Disabilities
Learning to Read
Is Reading a Natural Ability?
Spoken Language and Reading
Decoding and Comprehension
Difficulties in Learning to Read
Social and Cultural Causes of Reading Problems
Physical Causes of Reading Problems
Is Dyslexia Present in Readers of Other Languages?
Brain Imaging Studies and Dyslexia
Detecting Reading Problems
Spoken Language Difficulties
Early Indicators of Reading Problems
What Educators Need to Consider
What Teachers Should Know About Teaching Reading
What Beginning Readers Need to Learn
Some Effective Reading Intervention Programs
6. Writing Disabilities
Learning to Write
Difficulties in Writing
Environmental Causes
Neurological Causes
Dysgraphia
What Educators Need to Consider
Characterisitics of Good Writing
Helping Students With Dysgraphia
7. Mathematical Disabilities
Learning to Calculate
Numerical Reasoning Independent of Language
Gender Differences in Mathematics
Difficulties in Mathematics
Dyscalculia
The Future of Research in Mathematics Disorders
What Educators Need to Consider
Determining the Source of the Problem
Diagnostic Tools for Assessing Learning Difficulties in Mathematics
Other Considerations
8. Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Emotions, Behavior, and Learning
Pathways of Emotional Signals
Different Brain Areas for Different Emotions
First Survival and Emotions, Then the Textbook
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Depressive Disorders
Other Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Impact of Childhood Abuse
The Future of Research in Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
What Educators Need to Consider
9. Autism Spectrum Disorders
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
The Future of Research on Autism Spectrum Disorders
What Educators Need to Consider
10. Putting It All Together
Helping Students With Learning Difficulties
Identifying Students With Learning Difficulties
Accommodating Students With Learning Difficulties
Motivating Students With Learning Difficulties
Communicating With Parents
Glossary
References
Resources
Index
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