Adult development & aging : biopsychosocial perspectives
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Bibliographic Information
Adult development & aging : biopsychosocial perspectives
Wiley, c2014
5th ed
- : [pbk.]
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Note
Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-364) and indexes
Description and Table of Contents
Description
Adult Development and Aging: Biopsychosocial Perspectives, 5th Edition incorporates material that the authors, Susan Krauss Whitbourne and Stacey B. Whitbourne, believe is vital to student understanding of this rapidly-developing and fascinating field of study. This text focuses on three themes: a multidisciplinary approach, positive images of aging, and the newest and most relevant research. Much of what students will read comes directly from Susan s classroom teaching of the Psychology of Aging course; she continues to incorporate her day-to-day teaching of the course into the text, which keeps the material current, fresh, and engaging.
Table of Contents
Preface v CHAPTER 1 Themes and Issues in Adult Development and Aging 1 The Biopsychosocial Perspective 2 Four Principles of Adult Development and Aging 3 1. Changes Are Continuous Over the Life Span 3 2. Only the Survivors Grow Old 4 3. Individuality Matters 5 4. Normal Aging Is Different From Disease 6 The Meaning of Age 7 Using Age to Define Adult 7 Divisions by Age of the Over-65 Population 8 Functional Age 9 Personal Versus Social Aging 10 Key Social Factors in Adult Development and Aging 12 Sex and Gender 12 Race 12 Ethnicity 13 Socioeconomic Status 13 Religion 13 The Baby Boomers Grow Up: Changes in the Middle-Aged and Older Populations in the United States and the World 13 United States 14 Aging Around the World 16 Summary 18 CHAPTER 2 Models of Development: Nature and Nurture in Adulthood 19 Key Concepts in the Study of the Lifespan 20 Models of Individual Environment Interactions 21 Reciprocity in Development 23 Sociocultural Models of Development 23 Ecological Perspective 23 The Life Course Perspective 25 Ageism as a Social Factor in the Aging Process 26 Psychological Models of Development in Adulthood 28 Erikson s Psychosocial Theory 29 Piaget s Cognitive-Developmental Theory 31 Identity Process Theory 32 The Selective Compensation with Optimization Model 35 Biological Approaches to Aging in Adulthood 35 Genes and DNA 35 Programmed Aging Theories 37 Random Error Theories 39 Summary 41 CHAPTER 3 The Study of Adult Development and Aging: Research Methods 43 Variables in Developmental Research 44 Descriptive Research Designs 45 Age, Cohort, and Time of Measurement 45 Longitudinal Designs 46 Cross-Sectional Designs 49 Sequential Research Designs 51 The Most Efficient Design 51 Correlational Designs 52 Simple Correlational Designs 52 Multivariate Correlational Designs 53 Types of Research Methods 55 Laboratory Studies 55 Qualitative Studies 55 Archival Research 55 Surveys 55 Epidemiological Studies 56 Case Reports 57 Focus Groups 57 Daily Diaries 57 Observational Methods 57 Meta-Analysis 57 Measurement Issues in Adult Development and Aging 58 Ethical Issues in Research 59 Summary 60 CHAPTER 4 Physical Changes 63 Appearance 64 Skin 64 Hair 66 Body Build 67 Mobility 69 Muscles 69 Bones 71 Joints 71 Vital Bodily Functions 73 Cardiovascular System 73 Respiratory System 75 Urinary System 75 Digestive System 77 Bodily Control Systems 77 Endocrine System 77 Immune System 80 Nervous System 81 Central Nerous System 82 Sleep 84 Temperature Control 85 Sensation and Perception 86 Vision 86 Hearing 87 Balance 88 Smell and Taste 89 Somatosensory System 90 Summary 91 CHAPTER 5 Health and Prevention 93 Key Concepts in Health and Prevention 94 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 94 Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Conditions 95 Incidence 96 Behavioral Risk Factors 96 Prevention of Heart Disease and Stroke 97 Cancer 98 Risk Factors and Prevention 99 Treatments 100 Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System 101 Osteoarthritis 101 Osteoporosis 102 Diabetes 103 Characteristics of Diabetes 103 Incidence and Risk Factors 103 Prevention and Treatment 104 Respiratory Diseases 104 Neurocognitive Disorders 105 Alzheimer s Disease 105 Other Forms of Neurocognitive Disorder 112 Summary 114 CHAPTER 6 Basic Cognitive Functions: Information Processing, Attention, and Memory 117 Processing Speed and Attention 118 Reaction Time 118 Attention 118 Video Games and Attention 122 Driving and Aging 122 Memory 125 Working Memory 125 Effects of Aging on Long-Term Memory in Adulthood 126 Identity, Self-Efficacy, Stereotype Threat, and Control Beliefs 129 Memory and Health-Related Behaviors 130 Memory Training Studies 132 Summary 133 CHAPTER 7 Higher-Order Cognitive Functions 135 Executive Functioning and Its Measurement 136 Intelligence Tests 136 Neuropsychological Assessment 137 Aging and Executive Functioning 138 Language 139 Cognitive Aspects of Language 139 Social Aspects of Language 140 Bilingualism and Aging 142 Everyday Problem Solving 142 Characteristics of Problem Solving 142 Problem Solving in Adulthood 143 Adult Learners 146 Intelligence 147 Theoretical Perspectives on Adult Intelligence 148 Research on Adult Intelligence 148 Training Studies 153 The Psychology of Wisdom 153 Summary 155 CHAPTER 8 Personality 157 Psychodynamic Perspective 158 Ego Psychology 158 Vaillant s Theory of Defense Mechanisms 163 Adult Attachment Theory 164 Trait Approaches 165 Research on Aging and the Five-Factor Model 165 Health and Personality Traits 167 Social Cognitive Approaches 168 Cognitive Perspective 170 Possible Selves Theory 171 Coping and Control 171 Identity Process Theory 173 Midlife Crisis Theories and Findings 174 Theory of the Midlife Crisis 174 Critiques and Research on the Midlife Crisis 176 Summary 178 CHAPTER 9 Relationships 179 Marriage and Intimate Relationships 180 Marriage 180 Cohabitation 182 Same-Sex Couples 183 Divorce and Remarriage 183 Widowhood 185 Psychological Perspectives on Long-Term Relationships 186 Families 189 Parenthood 189 The Empty Nest 191 Parent Adult Child Relationships 193 Siblings 196 Grandparents 196 Friendships 198 Theoretical Perspectives 198 Patterns of Friendships 198 Summary 199 CHAPTER 10 Work, Retirement, and Leisure Patterns 201 Work Patterns in Adulthood 202 Vocational Development 204 Holland s Vocational Development Theory 204 Super s Life-Span Life-Stage Theory 207 Occupation as Calling 208 Variations in Vocational Development 208 Vocational Satisfaction 209 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors 209 Positive and Negative Moods 210 Person Environment Correspondence 211 Work Stress 211 Relationships Between Work and Family Roles 212 Age and Vocational Satisfaction 213 Age and Vocational Performance 214 Retirement 216 Definitions of Retirement 216 Facts About Retirement 217 The Effects of Retirement on the Individual 218 Leisure Pursuits in Later Adulthood 220 Summary 222 CHAPTER 11 Mental Health Issues and Treatment 223 Psychological Disorders in Adulthood 224 Major Depressive Disorder 225 Bipolar Disorder 227 Anxiety Disorders 227 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 228 Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders 229 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders 229 Substance-Related Disorders 230 Personality Disorders 231 Elder Abuse 232 Suicide 233 Treatment Issues in Mental Health Care 234 Assessment 235 Treatment 237 Serious Mental Illness 241 Summary 241 CHAPTER 12 Long-Term Care 243 Institutional Facilities for Long-Term Care 244 Nursing Homes 244 Residential Care Facilities 246 Community-Based Facilities and Services 246 Home Health Services 247 Day Treatment Services 247 Community Housing Alternatives 247 The Financing of Long-Term Care 248 Medicare 248 Medicaid 251 Legislative Landmarks in the Long-Term Care of Older Adults 251 1987 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 1987) 251 1999 2000 Congressional Hearings on Nursing Home Abuse 253 2002 Nursing Home Quality Initiative 253 The Quality of Long-Term Care 254 Psychological Issues in Long-Term Care 256 Models of Adaptation 256 Suggestions for Improving Long-Term Care 257 Summary 259 CHAPTER 13 Death and Dying 261 What Do We Know About Death? 262 Medical Aspects of Death 262 Death by the Numbers 263 Sociocultural Perspectives on Death and Dying 267 Psychological Perspectives on Death and Dying 268 Issues in End-of-Life Care 269 Advance Directives 269 Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia 271 Hospice Care 271 Improving Health Care and Mental Health Services to Dying Patients 272 Bereavement 273 Summary 275 CHAPTER 14 Successful Aging 277 What Is Successful Aging? 278 An Overview of Successful Aging 278 Successful Cognitive Aging 280 Factors That Promote Successful Aging 281 Creativity and Aging 285 What Is Creativity? 285 Creative Older Adults 285 Characteristics of Last Works 287 Sociocultural Perspectives on Creativity and Aging 289 Successful Aging: Final Perspectives 290 Summary 291 Glossary 293 References 311 Author Index 365
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