Mathematical simulation in glass technology
著者
書誌事項
Mathematical simulation in glass technology
（Schott series on glass and glass ceramics）
Springer, c2002
大学図書館所蔵 全2件
注記
System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Multimedia-PC, Pentium; Windows 95, 98, 2000, NT, ME, XP
Includes bibliographical references and index
With 302 figures and 17 tables and 27 videos on CD
ISSN:1431-7907
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This is the first book on mathematical simulation on glass technology, and covers all production steps of special glass manufacturing. The enclosed CD-ROM shows 27 simulations of different aspects, such as surprising details of the pressing and casting process.
目次
Overview.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Systematics and Boundary Conditions of This Book.- 1.3 Some Important 3D Continuum Equations.- References.- 2. Melting and Fining.- 2.1 Modeling of the Melting Process in Industrial Glass Furnaces.- 2.1.1 Application of Process Simulation Models for Glass Furnaces.- 2.1.2 Modeling of Heat Transfer and Convection Flows in Glass-Melting Tanks.- 2.1.3 Sand-Grain Dissolution, Behavior of Gas Bubbles in Glass Melts, and Glass-Quality Index.- 2.1.4 Models for Evaporation and Superstructure Refractory Attack by Vapors.- 2.1.5 Dynamic Modeling.- 2.1.6 Concluding Remarks.- 2.2 Mathematical Modeling of Batch Melting in Glass Tanks.- 2.2.1 Motivation and Requirements on Batch Modeling.- 2.2.2 Survey of Batch Melting.- 2.2.3 Theoretical Basis of Batch Modeling.- 2.2.4 Key Values and Non-Dimensional Numbers.- 2.2.5 Batch Models.- 2.3 High-Frequency Melting of Glass in Crucibles.- 2.3.1 Basics of Electrodynamics.- 2.3.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Simulation Model.- 2.3.3 Simulation Results.- 2.3.4 Conclusion and Outlook.- 2.4 Model-Based Glass Melter Control.- 2.4.1 Model Concepts.- 2.4.2 Model-Predictive Control.- 2.4.3 Extensions of the MPC Technology.- 2.4.4 Application of MPC in the Glass Industry.- References.- 3. Homogenizing and Conditioning.- 3.1 The Intensity of Mixing Processes.- 3.1.1 Description and Quantification of Mixing Processes.- 3.1.2 Flows and Particle Paths in Stirrers.- 3.1.3 Statistics of Residence Time and Dispersion.- 3.1.4 Deformation of Infinitesimal Test Bodies Along Particle Paths.- 3.1.5 Deformation Statistics.- 3.1.6 Example: a Simple Paddle Stirrer.- 3.1.7 Outlook.- 3.2 Instabilities and Stabilization of Glass Pipe Flows.- 3.2.1 Stationary Temperature and Pressure Profiles in the Pipe.- 3.2.2 A Stability Phenomenon.- 3.2.3 Appendix: Derivation of Several Equations.- 3.3 Shape Optimization of Flanges.- 3.3.1 General Shape Optimization: Continuously Varying Thicknesses and Contours.- 3.3.2 Finite-Dimensional Shape Optimization: the 3-Ring/Spoke Flange.- References.- 4. Shaping at Low Viscosities.- 4.1 Heat Transfer Between Glass and Mold During Hot Forming.- 4.1.1 Heat Transfer Coefficient Between Glass and Mold.- 4.1.2 Physics and Mathematics of the Heat Transfer.- 4.1.3 Sample Computations.- 4.1.4 Radiative Contributions to the Heat Transfer.- 4.1.5 Laboratory Experiments.- 4.2 Remote Spectral Temperature Profile Sensing.- 4.2.1 Thermal Radiation in Hot Glass.- 4.2.2 The Inverse Problem of Spectral Temperature Sensing.- 4.2.3 Sample Computations.- 4.2.4 Laboratory Experiment.- 4.2.5 Spectral Imaging of Hot Glass.- 4.3 Heat Transfer During Casting Experiments.- 4.3.1 Experimental Set-Up.- 4.3.2 Comparison Between "Exact" Modeling and Measurement.- 4.3.3 Alternative Modeling Using the Active Thermal Conductivity.- 4.4 Thin-Layer Flows of Glass.- 4.4.1 Example of a Thin-Layer Model.- 4.4.2 Simplified Energy Balance.- 4.4.3 Validation of the Model.- 4.4.4 Fiber- and Tube-Drawing Models.- 4.4.5 More Comprehensive Thin-Layer Flow Models.- 4.5 Pressing of Drinking-Glass Stems.- 4.5.1 Model 1: Finite-Element Modeling.- 4.5.2 Model 2: Analytical Modeling.- 4.5.3 Comparison of Model 1 and Model.- 4.6 The Use of Remeshing Methods in Pressing Simulations.- 4.6.1 Some Technical Aspects of the Method.- 4.6.2 Example: Pressing of a Tumbler.- 4.6.3 Example: Pressing of an "Axisymmetric TV Screen".- 4.7 Chill Ripples in Pressing and Casting Processes.- 4.7.1 A Simple Casting Process.- 4.7.2 A Model for Kluge's Experimental Set-Up.- References.- 5. Reshaping at High Viscosities.- 5.1 Temperature-Dependent Elasticity in Reshaping Simulations.- 5.1.1 Model.- 5.1.2 Simulation Results.- 5.2 Sagging and Pressing of Glass Sheets.- 5.2.1 Model and Boundary Conditions.- 5.2.2 Results of the Model Computations.- 5.3 Calibration of Glass Tubes.- 5.3.1 Model Description.- 5.3.2 Results of the Model Computations.- 6. Thermal Treatment.- 6.1 Verification of Relaxation Models.- 6.1.1 Mathematical Models.- 6.1.2 Experiments in the Lehr.- 6.1.3 Simulation.- 6.1.4 Measuring Stress and Compaction.- 6.1.5 Results.- 6.2 Stresses and Crack Growth in Continuously Formed Slabs.- 6.2.1 Cooling a Continuous Strip.- 6.2.2 Crack Growth.- 6.2.3 Modified Temperature Program in Order to Avoid Cracking.- 6.2.4 Cutting the Strip into Slabs.- 6.3 Thermal Tempering of Drinking Glasses.- 6.3.1 Principles of Thermal Tempering.- 6.3.2 Results for Spatially Inhomogeneous Quenching.- 6.3.3 Realization of a Quenching Process.- 7. Post-Processing by Laser Cutting.- 7.1 Rough Estimation of Process Parameters.- 7.1.1 Stress Levels.- 7.1.2 Laser-Beam Profiling.- 7.1.3 Selection of Laser.- 7.2 Numerical Analysis of Cutting Processes.- 7.2.1 Calculation of Temperature Distributions.- 7.2.2 Calculation of Stress Distributions.- 7.2.3 Condition for Cut Elongation.- 7.2.4 Calculation of Stress Intensities for Laser Cutting.- 7.3 Practical Realization.- 7.4 Appendix: Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics.- 7.4.1 Fracture Mechanics for Brittle Solids.- 7.4.2 FEA Calculation of Stress-Intensity Factors.- 7.4.3 Prediction of the Crack Path.- 8. Glass Products Under Mechanical and Thermal Loads.- 8.1 Strength Optimization of Airbag Igniters.- 8.1.1 FEA for Axial-Symmetric Models.- 8.1.2 FEA of 3D Models.- 8.1.3 Pull-Out Tests.- 8.1.4 Push-Out Tests.- 8.1.5 Pressure Tests.- 8.1.6 Appendix: Statistical Procedure.- 8.2 Stiffness and Weight Optimization of a Reticle Stage for Optical Lithography.- 8.2.1 equirements for a (9 x 9)? Reticle Stage.- 8.2.2 esign of a Prototype.- 8.2.3 EM Optimization Without Additional Masses.- 8.2.4 EM Analysis With Additional Masses.- References.- 9. Simulation and Test of the Spinning Process Applied to Platinum Metals.- 9.1 Necessity to Shape Materials.- 9.2 Qualitative Description of the Spinning Process.- 9.3 Essential Assumptions for the Modeling of the Spinning Process.- 9.4 General Relations for the Model of the Spinning Process.- 9.5 Approximations.- 9.5.1 First Approximation: Quasi-Homogeneous Deformation.- 9.5.2 Second Approximation: Linearly Decreasing Deformation.- 9.6 A Practical Example for the First and Second Approximations.- 9.7 Experimental Observations and Discussion.- References.- List of Contributors.- Sources of Figures and Tables.
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