Brill's encyclopedia of the Middle Ages

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Brill's encyclopedia of the Middle Ages

edited by Gert Melville and Martial Staub ; English edition supervised by Francis G. Gentry and Tim Barnwell ; translated by Michael Chase ... [et al.]

Brill, c2017

  • : set : hbk
  • v. 1 : hbk
  • v. 2 : hbk

Available at  / 26 libraries

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Note

Bibliography: p. [1105]-1319

Description and Table of Contents

Description

The two-volume Brill's Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages offers an accessible yet engaging coverage of medieval European history and culture, c. 500-c. 1500, in a series of themed articles, taking an interdisciplinary and comparative approach. Presenting a broad range of topics current in research, the encyclopedia is dedicated to all aspects of medieval life, organized in eight sections: Society; Faith and Knowledge; Literature; Fine Arts and Music; Economy; Technology; Living Environments and Conditions; and Constitutive Historical Events and Regions. This thematic structure makes the encyclopedia a true reference work for Medieval Studies as a whole. It is accessible and concise enough for quick reference, while also providing a solid grounding in a new topic with a good level of detail, since many of its articles are longer than traditional encyclopedia entries. The encyclopedia is supported by an extensive bibliography, updated with the most recent works and adapted to suit the needs of an Anglophone audience. Brill's Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages is a unique work, and invaluable equally for research and for teaching. Anyone interested in the art, architecture, economy, history, language, law, literature, music, religion, or science of the Middle Ages, will find the encyclopedia an indispensable resource. This is an English translation of the second edition (2013) of the well-known German-language Enzyklopadie des Mittelalters, published by Primus Verlag / Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Also available online, individually as Brill's Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages Online and as part of Brill's Medieval Reference Library Online.

Table of Contents

Introduction - An Encyclopedia -- 1. Society ---- Dominion --- Conceptions of Political Order -- Universal Powers - Papacy - Empire -- Hierarchical Order - Kingship - Princedom -- Corporate Order - Juridical Corporation - Municipal Governance - Conciliarism --- Forms of Organization -- Monarchic/Aristocratic Forms of Organization - Manorialism - Bailiffship - Feudalism - Royal Dominion - Territorial Lordship - Offices -- Corporate Forms of Organization - Municipal Corporations - Guilds and Confraternities - Regional Confederations -- Ecclesiastical Forms of Organization - Papacy, Curial System, Cardinalate - Councils and Synods - Bishoprics - Parishes - Monasteries and Religious Orders ---- Social Formations --- Estate-Based Patterns of Order -- States of Life - Men and Women - Men and Women's Dress - Apologias of Women - Women in Society - Women - Cultural Practices and Religiousness - Life Cycle - Birth, Upbringing, Generations, Old Age, Illness, and Death -- Estates by birth and other Social status - Nobility - Clergy - Peasantry - Jews - Craftsmen - Merchants, Bankers, and Entrepreneurs - Scholars - Beggars - Vagrants --- Family-Based Patterns of Order -- Adoption -- Marriage Prohibitions and Exogamy, Marriage Requirements and Endogamy -- Widowhood and Remarriage -- Divorce, Concubinage , Polygyny -- Bastards and Genitors -- Childless Decedents -- Kinship Systems --- Gentile Systems ---- Norms --- Virtues and Vices -- Virtues and Vices in the Church -- Virtues and Vices among the Nobility -- Virtues and Vices in the Bourgeoisie --- Reputation and Dishonor -- Legal Structures) - Common Law - Laws, Statutes - Privilege - Contracts -- Judicial System - Inquisition - Court Procedure - Penal System -- Jurisprudence -- Legal Traditions) - Germanic Law - Roman Law - Canon Law (or: Church Law) - Religious Orders Law - Feudal Privileges - Regional Civil Codes or Regional Legal Codes - City Rights (or Urban Codes) ---- Interaction and Communication --- Symbolic Forms -- Ceremonial - Ritual - Elevation of Kings and Emperors - Consecration and Investiture of Bishops - Royal/Imperial Entry (Adventus), Processions, Parades - Enfeoffment and Symbolic Duties - Rituals of Peace and Submission - Symbolic Emotions, Honors, and Gifts -- Regalia, Insignia of Office, Tokens of Social Status -- Clothing, Attire, Habit - Secular Clothing - Liturgical Dress -- Seals -- Heraldic Emblems/Coats of Arms --- Love, Friendship -- Amicitia -- Caritas -- Courtly Love (Minne) -- Sexuality --- War and Peace -- Feuds -- Peace of God, King's Peace (Landfrieden) -- Just War - Holy War -- Typology of War --- Warlike Occurrences of Violence -- Pitched Battles --- Games and Entertainment -- Martial Games -- Ball Games -- Board Games -- Hunting -- Theater -- Dance -- Taverns, Bathhouses, Brothels -- Travelling Folk - Singers and Minstrels --- Languages -- Latin -- Germanic Languages -- Romance Languages -- Slavic Languages -- Celtic Languages --- Literacy and Orality -- Writing, Palaeography, Codicology -- Archives and Registers -- Legal/Administrative Texts - Official Documents - Formularies - Business and Administration Texts -- Messengers, Diplomacy, Heralds -- Correspondence -- Speeches/Orations -- 2. Faith and Knowledge ---- Religion --- The Indigenous Religions of Medieval Europe --- Christianity -- The Christianization of Latin Europe -- The Christian Conception of God and of the Human Being -- Christian Discipleship -- The Bible -- Holiness/Sainthood - Mary - Canonization - Pilgrimages - Veneration of Relics -- Miracles -- Mysticism -- Liturgy and Pastoral Care -- Sacraments - Baptism - Penance - Mass - Marriage - Ordination -- Dying, Purgatory -- Commemoration of the Dead -- Dogma and Heresy --- Judaism ---- The Human Being --- Conception of the Human Being --- Trivium --- Historiography, Perception of History --- Exemplum ---- The World --- Quadrivium --- Time and Calculation of Time --- Natural History --- Worldview and Cartography --- Medicine and Healthcare ---- The Imaginary: Conceptual Fields, Superstition --- Magic, Sorcery, Witchcraft --- Apparitions, Visions, Dreams --- Predictions, Prophecies --- Fictions ---- Modes of Thought and their Methodology --- Monasticism --- Scholasticism --- Humanism and the Reception of Antiquity ---- Educational Institutions --- Monastic schools --- Cathedral Schools --- Municipal Schools --- Universities --- Scholarly Circles, Academies ---- Forms of Knowledge Mediation --- Curricula --- Lectures, Disputations --- Sermons --- Books and Libraries -- 3. Literature ---- Medieval Literature - Theory and Praxis --- Latin Literature -- Latin Literary Traditions and Text-Typological Models -- "Latin Literature and its Relationship to the Vernacular" -- Literary Production -- Development throughout the Middle Ages (Good!) -- Reception --- Vernacular Literatures -- German Literature -- Nordic Literature -- English Literature -- French Literature -- Italian Literature -- Iberian Literature -- Celtic Literature -- Slavic Literatures -- 4. Fine Arts and Music ---- Aesthetic Theories in the Middle Ages and Medieval Art ---- Art in Practice - The Middle Ages and the Role of Art and Artists in Christianity --- The Artist's Living Environment in the Middle Ages -- The Artist -- Artists' Inscriptions -- Master Builder and Universal Genius --- The Appearance and Aesthetic Ideal of Medieval Art --- Image and Text: Their Attitude to Past and Present ---- Periods and Contexts of the Fine Arts --- Pre-Romanesque Art --- Romanesque Art --- Gothic Art --- Renaissance and Renaissances ---- Categories of Fine Art --- Architecture --- Sculpture and the Plastic Arts --- Monumental Painting: Mosaics, Mural Painting, Stained Glass, Ceiling Painting, and Tapestry --- Panel Painting --- Illuminated Manuscripts and their Special Role --- Artistic Handicraft ---- Music in the Liberal Arts --- Music in Oral and Written Tradition --- Basic Features of Medieval Music Theory ---- Music in Practice - Musical Cultures --- Monophony of the Middle Ages --- Early Polyphony --- The Polyphony of the 12th to 14th Centuries --- Polyphony from the Second Half of the 13th to the Early 15th Century -- 5. Economic System ---- Economic Ethics and Economic Theory --- Economic Ethics - Patristic Foundations --- The Concept of Usury Prior to Scholasticism --- Canonistic Debates in the 12th/13th Century --- Economic Theories of Scholasticism -- Thomas Aquinas' Theory of the Just Price -- Scholastic Economics after Thomas Aquinas ---- Economic Life --- Agriculture --- Handicrafts --- Trade -- Trade in the Regions of Europe -- Trade Organization and Mercantile Law --- Transport of Goods ( --- Money -- Supply of Precious Metals -- Key Currencies -- Institutions and Instruments of Monetary Policy in the Middle Ages -- 6. Technology ---- Theory - Artes Mechanicae and Scientia Naturalis -- Artes Mechanicae -- New Frontiers: Scientia Naturalis and the Scientific Agenda of the Artist-Engineers in the Renaissance ---- Applied Technology --- World Order - Measuring and Weighing --- Producing Energy - Water and Wind, Wood --- Extraction/Recovery of Raw Materials --- Agricultural Technology --- Production and Processing - Metal, Textiles, Leather --- Paper and Printing --- Transportation and Trade -- By Land -- By Water --- Human Beings and the Environment --- Armaments Industry - Military Technology --- Construction Techniques -- Building Materials -- Timberwork in Building Construction -- Masonry in Building Construction -- Bridge Building -- Underground Mining and Hydraulic Engineering -- Knowledge and Competence in the Field of Structural Engineering -- 7. Living Environments and Conditions ---- Climate ---- Natural Spaces ---- Social Environments --- Rural Areas --- Urban Areas -- Urban Areas in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages -- Urban Areas in the High and Late Middle Ages -- Urban Construction Methods -- Urban Living Culture -- Urban Supply and Waste Disposal -- Urban Social Topography --- The Monastic Context --- The Courtly Context -- The Court as a Functional Living Environment -- The Court as a Social Environment -- The Court as a Political Environment -- The Court as an Economic Sphere -- The Topography of the Courtly Environment -- The Court as a Cultural Space -- The Court as a Symbolic Space -- The Courtly Space - A Worldview ---- Nutrition -- 8. Constitutive/Fundamental Historical Events and Regions ) ---- Europe - " Domestic" --- Migration of Peoples --- Carolingians --- Investiture Controversy --- Western Schism --- Regions -- Central Europe -- Western Europe -- Anglo-Saxon and Iro-Scottish Regions -- Scandinavian Regions -- Eastern European Regions -- Italic Region -- Iberian Regions ---- Europe - " Foreign" --- Threats --- The Latin West and Byzantium --- Crusades --- Discoveries Bibliography Alphabetic Index of Contributions Alphabetic Index of Authors

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