CiNii 図書 - The Persian empire : a historical encyclopedia

This well-balanced reference on ancient Persia demonstrates the region's contributions to the growth and development of human civilization from the 7th century BCE through the fall of the Persian Sasanian Empire in 651CE. Knowledge of ancient Persia is often gleaned from the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans-two civilizations that viewed the Persians as enemies. This one-of-a-kind reference provides unbiased coverage of the cultural history of the Persian Empire, examining the Median, Achaemenid, Parthian, Kushan, and Sasanian dynasties and tracing the development and maturation of Iranian societies during a period of nearly 1,500 years. As one of the most comprehensive studies on the topic, this historical overview explores the region's rich past while providing insight into the cultures and civilizations the Persians came to rule and influence. Using primary sources written and inscribed by the ancient Persians themselves, the encyclopedia studies the pre-Islamic civilizations of Iran in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Incorporating contributions from scholars who discuss the rise and fall of various Persian dynasties, the work offers some 180 entries that cover such topics as religion, royal nobility, the caste system, and political assassinations. The content offers perspectives from a variety of disciplines-from anthropology to archaeology, geography, and art history, among other areas.

VOLUME 1 Preface Introduction Chronology of Ancient Iran Ancient Cities, Historical Places, and Archaeological Sites Overview Essay Asaac Bibi Shahrbanu Bishapur Bisotun Inscription Bokhara Dura Europos Ecbatana Ganj Nameh Ka'ba of Zoroaster Kangavar and the Temple of Anahita (Anahid) Kuh-e Khwaja (Mount of Khwaja) Naqsh-e Rajab Naqsh-e Rostam Nisa Oxus Treasure Panjkand Pasargadae Persepolis Ray Samarqand Sar Mashhad Taq-e Bostan Ancient Provinces and Geographical Regions Overview Essay Abar Shahr Abarkavan Adiabene Alborz Anshan Arachosia Aria Azerbaijan Bactria Chorasmia Elymais Fars (Parsa, Persis) Hyrcania Parthia Sogdiana Transoxiana Cultures, Calendars, and Festivals Overview Essay Ab, Aban, Aban Mah Aparni Bahmanjaneh Chaharshanbeh Suri Education Iranian Cuisine Iranian Languages Iranian Months Middle Persian Nowruz Old Persian Parthian Persian Gardens Sadeh Saffron Sports Kings and Queens of the Achaemenid Dynasty Overview Essay Achaemenes Arsames Arses Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Cambyses I Cambyses II Cyrus II the Great Cyrus the Younger Darius I Darius II Darius III Sogdianos Teispes Vishtaspa (Father of Darius I) Xerxes I Xerxes II Kings and Queens of the Arsacid/Parthian Dynasty Overview Essay Arsaces I Arsaces II Artabanus I Artabanus II Artabanus III Artabanus IV Gotarzes I Gotarzes II Mithridates I Mithridates II Mithridates III Orodes I Orodes II Orodes III Pacorus Phraates I Phraates II Phraates III Phraates IV Phraates V Priapatius Sinatruces Vologeses I Vologeses II Vologeses III Vologeses IV Vologeses V Vologeses VI Vonones I Kings and Queens of the Median Dynasty Overview Essay Astyages Cyaxares/Huvakhshtra Deioces Mandane Phraortes Kings and Queens of the Sasanian Dynasty Overview Essay Ardashir I Ardashir II Ardashir III Azarmidokht Babak Bahram I, Bahram II, Bahram III Bahram IV Bahram V Bahram VI Chobin Balash Boran (Puran) Hormozd I Hormozd II Hormozd III Hormozd IV Jamasp Kavad I Kavad II Shiruya Khosrow I Anushiravan Khosrow II Parvez Narseh Peroz Shapur I Shapur II Shapur III Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd III Kings and Queens of the Seleucid Dynasty Overview Essay Alexander Balas Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Antiochus III Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Antiochus VII Sidetes Apame/Apama Demetrius I Soter Demetrius II Nicator Seleucus I Nicator Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Soter Seleucus IV Philopator Index Volume 2 Legendary Kings, Heroes, and Villains Overview Essay Afrasiyab Arash Bahman Esfandiyar Faramarz Faranak Farangis Fereydun Gayomard Gev Goshtasp Hushang Iraj Jamshid Katayun Kaveh Kay Kavus Kay Khosrow Kay Qobad Lohrasp Manuchehr Pishdadian Rostam Simorgh Siyavash Tahmures Zab/Zav Zahhak Zal Peoples, Empires, Administrations, and Military Organizations Overview Essay Achaemenid Army Achaemenid Empire Administration Alans Alexander of Macedon (the Great) Ariobarzanes Arsacid Army Arsacid (Parthian) Empire Arsacids Bessus Hephthalites Iranian Society and Power Structure (Arsacids/Parthians and Sasanians) Kushan Empire Media, Medes, and the Median Empire Parthian Stations Royal Road Sasanian Empire Scythians Seleucids Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr Spitaman Prophets, Poets, Scientists, Historians, and Artists Overview Essay Agathias Barbad Borzuye Ctesias of Knidos Cyropaedia Ferdowsi Herodotus Kartir Mani Mazdak Xenophon Zarathustra (Zoroaster) Religion, Religious Beliefs, and Gods and Goddesses Overview Essay Adur Aeshma Ahriman Ahura Mazda Airyanem Vaejah Ameretat Amesha Spentas Anahita Asha and Asha Vahishta Ashi Vanguhi Astvihad Avesta Bahram Bushyasta Fravashis and Fravardigan Gathas Haoma Haurvatat Khshathra Vairya Khvarnah Magi Mithra Sacred Birds Saoshyant Spenta Armaiti Tishtrya Vayu Vendidad Vohu Manah Yazatas Zurvan Primary Documents The Gathas of Zarathustra from the Zoroastrian Avesta The Lands of the Ancient Iranians from the Avesta Veneration of Natural Forces: Hymn to the River Goddess Aredvi Sura Anahita Hymn to the Shining Sun Excerpt from Plutarch's "Isis and Osiris" Describing the Teachings of Zarathustra Description of the Rise of Media during the Reign of King Cyaxares from Herodotus's Histories Description from the Babylonian Chronicles of the Conquest of the Assyrian Capital, Nineveh, by the Medes and Babylonians A Neo-Babylonian Inscription Describing the Conquest of Babylon by Cyrus II the Great Excerpts from the Cyrus Cylinder Discovered in Babylon in 1879 Cyrus II the Great in the Old Testament: Passages from the Books of Ezra and Isaiah Inscription of Darius I at Bisotun Inscription of Darius I at Naqsh-e Rostam Descriptions of the Administrative Structure of the Persian Achaemenid Empire from Xenophon's Oeconomicus and Herodotus's Histories Persian Engineering: Description of the Construction of the Royal Road from Herodotus's Histories and of the Suez Canal from an Inscription of Darius I Inscription of Darius I at Susa Inscriptions of Xerxes at Persepolis Religion of the Achaemenid Kings from an Inscription of Artaxerxes II Plutarch's Account of the Battle of Cunaxa between Artaxerxes II and Cyrus the Younger An Account from Quintus Curtius Rufus's History of Alexander of the King and the Persian Army on the March Excerpts from Various Writers Describing the Women of the Achaemenid Royal House Excerpts from Various Writers Describing Iranian Customs and Practices Persian Menu and an Excerpt Relating to Persian Dining Parthia and the Rise of the Arsacid (Parthian) Dynasty According to Classical Sources Personality and Campaigns of the Arsacid King Mithridates I in Western Sources Diodorus Siculus's Account of the Victory of Arsacid King Phraates II over the Seleucid King Antiochus VII Two Accounts of the Parthian Empire Excerpt from Parthian Stations by Isidore of Charax Plutarch's Account of the Battle of Carrhae between the Romans Commanded by Crassus and the Parthians Commanded by Surena (Suren) Parthia, Rome, and Armenia: An Excerpt from Tacitus's Annals of Imperial Rome Parthian Identity and Customs: An Excerpt from Tacitus's Annals of Imperial Rome The Fall of the Arsacid (Parthian) Empire and the Rise of the Sasanian Dynasty in Cassius Dio's Roman History Rise of the Sasanian Dynasty under Ardashir I and the Onset of the Persian-Roman Wars: An Excerpt from Herodian's History of the Roman Empire Excerpt from Nameh-ye Tansar [Letter of Tansar] Inscription of the Zoroastrian High Priest Kartir at Naqsh-e Rostam on the Ka'ba-ye Zardosht (Ka'ba of Zoroaster) Descriptions of Shapur II as a Leader and a Diplomat The Reign of Khosrow Anushiravan (531-579 CE): Excerpts from The History of Tabari Superpower Diplomacy on the Silk Road: Sogdian Merchants and the Sasanian, Byzantine, and Turk Empires in Menander's History of Menander the Guardsman Bahram Chobin: An Excerpt from The History of Theophylact Simocatta Appendix: Dynasties of Pre-Islamic Greater Iran Glossary of Selected Terms Selected Bibliography About the Author Index

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The Persian empire : a historical encyclopedia

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