Bound by conflict : dilemmas of the two Sudans

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Bound by conflict : dilemmas of the two Sudans

Francis M. Deng ; in collaboration with Daniel J. Deng ; [foreword by Kevin M. Cahill]

Center for International Humanitarian Cooperation : Institute of International Humanitarian Affairs, Fordham University, 2015

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Description and Table of Contents

Description

Since its independence on January 1, 1956, Sudan has been at war with itself. Through the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of 2005, the North-South dimension of the conflict was seemingly resolved by the independence of the South on July 9, 2011. However, as a result of issues that were not resolved by the CPA, conflicts within the two countries have reignited conflict between them because of allegations of support for each other's rebels. In Bound by Conflict: Dilemmas of the Two Sudans, Francis M. Deng and Daniel J. Deng critique the tendency to see these conflicts as separate and to seek isolated solutions for them, when, in fact, they are closely intertwined. The policy implication is that resolving conflicts within the two Sudans is critical to the prospects of achieving peace, security, and stability between them, with the potential of moving them to some form of meaningful association.

Table of Contents

Foreword by Kevin M. Cahill, M.D. xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 Chapter One: Overview of the Crisis 10 A Dream Turned Nightmare, and Worse 10 Tracing the Roots of the Crisis 15 Background to the Crisis 15 Developments on the Ground 17 Briefing the Ambassadors 19 Meeting the Detainees 20 The Tensions between the Government and UNMISS 25 Regional and International Response to the Crisis 28 Codependent Relationship between the Two Sudans 29 The Root of Sudan's Crisis of Identity 31 Breaking Down the Barriers between the North and the South 32 Chapter Two: Overlapping Conflicts between the Two Sudans 34 The Unresolved Contest over Abyei 35 Abyei Boundary Commission Report 36 Sudan's Demand for a Shared Dinka- Missiriya Administration in Abyei 40 Peaceful Co- existence 44 Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile 47 Security Concerns 49 Uncertainty about the Po liti cal Future 50 Comparing the Race Relations in the Two Areas 51 Chapter Three: Safeguarding a Precarious Peace 53 Final Steps toward the CPA 53 Principles for Evaluating the CPA Implementation 54 Elements of CPA Implementation 60 Attending Major Events in Sudan 63 The Signing of the CPA 64 Swearing- In Ceremony 65 The Death of Dr. John Garang 67 The CPA: A Laudable but Ambivalent Achievement 68 Chapter Four: Government of National Unity (GoNU) 73 The Presidency 74 The Cabinet 75 The National Assembly 76 Commissions Formation, Functioning, and Effectiveness 77 The Call for Law Reform 78 Involvement of Opposition Parties 80 The NCP Point of View 81 The Southern Point of View 82 Northern Opposition Point of View 84 Demarcation of the North- South Borders 87 The Distribution of Oil Revenues 88 Security Concerns and Setbacks 89 Efforts to Divide the South and Undermine the SPLM 91 SPLM: Rising to the Occasion? 93 The Prospects for Transformation 93 Impact of Developments on the NCP- SPLM Partnership 95 Chapter Five: Government of South Sudan 100 Establishment of Institutions and Assignment of Posts 101 Northern Interference in Southern Governance 102 Bringing Peace Dividends to the People 104 The Challenge of Corruption 107 The Threat of Disunity 113 Managing Tribal Confl icts 114 The Role of the Traditional Justice System 116 Taking Power to the Local Level 117 Chapter Six: The Internally Displaced and Refugees 120 The Situation of Return 121 Capacity and Coordination 122 Security Concerns 123 Push and Pull Factors in Return 124 Paradoxical Situation of IDPs in Khartoum 125 Repatriation, Resettlement, and Rehabilitation 127 Chapter Seven: Allegations of Genocide and Mass Atrocities 129 Demystifying Genocide and Mass Atrocities 129 The Tortuous Path to South Sudan In de pen dence 132 The Challenge to South Sudan's Diplomacy 135 The Crisis in Perspective 140 Conclusion 143

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