Amazonia and global change

著者

書誌事項

Amazonia and global change

Michael Keller ... [et al.], editors

（Geophysical monograph, 186）

American Geophysical Union, c2009

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 186. Amazonia and Global Change synthesizes results of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) for scientists and students of Earth system science and global environmental change. LBA, led by Brazil, asks how Amazonia currently functions in the global climate and biogeochemical systems and how the functioning of Amazonia will respond to the combined pressures of climate and land use change, such as Wet season and dry season aerosol concentrations and their effects on diffuse radiation and photosynthesis Increasing greenhouse gas concentration, deforestation, widespread biomass burning and changes in the Amazonian water cycle Drought effects and simulated drought through rainfall exclusion experiments The net flux of carbon between Amazonia and the atmosphere Floodplains as an important regulator of the basin carbon balance including serving as a major source of methane to the troposphere The impact of the likely increased profitability of cattle ranching. The book will serve a broad community of scientists and policy makers interested in global change and environmental issues with high-quality scientific syntheses accessible to nonspecialists in a wide community of social scientists, ecologists, atmospheric chemists, climatologists, and hydrologists.

目次

Preface John Gash, Michael Keller, Mercedes Bustamante, and Pedro Silva Dias ix Section I: People and Land Change People and Environment in Amazonia: The LBA Experience and Other Perspectives M. Batistella, D. S. Alves, E. F. Moran, C. Souza Jr., R. Walker, and S. Walsh 1 The Changing Rates and Patterns of Deforestation and Land Use in Brazilian Amazonia Diogenes S. Alves, Douglas C. Morton, Mateus Batistella, Dar A. Roberts, and Carlos Souza Jr 11 Selective Logging and Its Relation to Deforestation Gregory P. Asner, Michael Keller, Marco Lentini, Frank Merry, and Carlos Souza Jr 25 The Spatial Distribution and Interannual Variability of Fire in Amazonia Wilfrid Schroeder, Ane Alencar, Eugenio Arima, and Alberto Setzer 43 The Expansion of Intensive Agriculture and Ranching in Brazilian Amazonia Robert Walker, Ruth DeFries, Maria del Carmen Vera-Diaz, Yosio Shimabukuro, and Adriano Venturieri 61 Scenarios of Future Amazonian Landscapes: Econometric and Dynamic Simulation Models Stephen Perz, Joseph P. Messina, Eustaquio Reis, Robert Walker, and Stephen J. Walsh 83 Road Impacts in Brazilian Amazonia Alexander Pfaff, Alisson Barbieri, Thomas Ludewigs, Frank Merry, Stephen Perz, and Eustaquio Reis 101 Small Farmers and Deforestation in Amazonia Eduardo S. Brondizio, Anthony Cak, Marcellus M. Caldas, Carlos Mena, Richard Bilsborrow, Celia T. Futemma, Thomas Ludewigs, Emilio F. Moran, and Mateus Batistella 117 Section II: Atmosphere and Climate Understanding the Climate of Amazonia: Progress From LBA Carlos A. Nobre, Jose A. Marengo, and Paulo Artaxo 145 Characteristics of Amazonian Climate: Main Features Carlos A. Nobre, Guillermo O. Obregon, Jose A. Marengo, Rong Fu, and German Poveda 149 The Amazonian Boundary Layer and Mesoscale Circulations A. K. Betts, G. Fisch, C. von Randow, M. A. F. Silva Dias, J. C. P. Cohen, R. da Silva, and D. R. Fitzjarrald 163 Natural Volatile Organic Compound Emissions From Plants and Their Roles in Oxidant Balance and Particle Formation Jurgen Kesselmeier, Alex Guenther, Thorsten Hoffmann, Maria Teresa Piedade, and Joerg Warnke 183 Biomass Burning in Amazonia: Emissions, Long-Range Transport of Smoke and Its Regional and Remote Impacts K. M. Longo, S. R. Freitas, M. O. Andreae, R. Yokelson, and P. Artaxo 207 Aerosol Particles in Amazonia: Their Composition, Role in the Radiation Balance, Cloud Formation, and Nutrient Cycles Paulo Artaxo, Luciana V. Rizzo, Melina Paixao, Silvia de Lucca, Paulo H. Oliveira, Luciene L. Lara, Kenia T. Wiedemann, Meinrat O. Andreae, Brent Holben, Joel Schafer, Alexandre L. Correia, and Theotonio M. Pauliquevis 233 Modeling the Regional and Remote Climatic Impact of Deforestation M. A. Silva Dias, R. Avissar, and P. Silva Dias 251 Evapotranspiration Humberto R. da Rocha, Antonio O. Manzi, and Jim Shuttleworth 261 Global Warming and Climate Change in Amazonia: Climate-Vegetation Feedback and Impacts on Water Resources Jose Marengo, Carlos A. Nobre, Richard A. Betts, Peter M. Cox, Gilvan Sampaio, and Luis Salazar 273 Section III: Terrestrial Ecosystems Biogeochemistry and Ecology of Terrestrial Ecosystems of Amazonia Yadvinder Malhi and Eric A. Davidson 293 Nutrient Limitations to Secondary Forest Regrowth Eric A. Davidson and Luiz A. Martinelli 299 The Maintenance of Soil Fertility in Amazonian Managed Systems Flavio J. Luizao, Philip M. Fearnside, Carlos E. P. Cerri, and Johannes Lehmann 311 Sources and Sinks of Trace Gases in Amazonia and the Cerrado M. M. C. Bustamante, M. Keller, and D. A. Silva 337 The Production, Storage, and Flow of Carbon in Amazonian Forests Yadvinder Malhi, Sassan Saatchi, Cecile Girardin, and Luiz E. O. C. Aragao 355 Changes in Amazonian Forest Biomass, Dynamics, and Composition, 1980-2002 Oliver L. Phillips, Niro Higuchi, Simone Vieira, Timothy R. Baker, Kuo-Jung Chao, and Simon L. Lewis 373 Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes and Amazonian Forest Metabolism Scott Saleska, Humberto da Rocha, Bart Kruijt, and Antonio Nobre 389 The Regional Carbon Budget R. A. Houghton, Manuel Gloor, Jon Lloyd, and Christopher Potter 409 The Effects of Drought on Amazonian Rain Forests P. Meir, P. M. Brando, D. Nepstad, S. Vasconcelos, A. C. L. Costa, E. Davidson, S. Almeida, R. A. Fisher, E. D. Sotta, D. Zarin, and G. Cardinot 429 Soil Carbon Dynamics Susan Trumbore and Plinio Barbosa de Camargo 451 Ecophysiology of Forest and Savanna Vegetation J. Lloyd, M. L. Goulden, J. P. Ometto, S. Patino, N. M. Fyllas, and C. A. Quesada 463 Section IV: Surface Water Surface Waters in Amazonia: Key Findings and Perspectives John M. Melack, Reynaldo L. Victoria, and Javier Tomasella 485 The Role of Rivers in the Regional Carbon Balance Jeffrey E. Richey, Alex V. Krusche, Mark S. Johnson, Hillandia B. da Cunha, and Maria V. Ballester 489 Water and Chemical Budgets at the Catchment Scale Including Nutrient Exports From Intact Forests and Disturbed Landscapes Javier Tomasella, Christopher Neill, Ricardo Figueiredo, and Antonio D. Nobre 505 Floodplain Ecosystem Processes John M. Melack, Evlyn M. L. M. Novo, Bruce R. Forsberg, Maria T. F. Piedade, and Laurence Maurice 525 Effects of Climatic Variability and Deforestation on Surface Water Regimes Marcos Heil Costa, Michael T. Coe, and Jean Loup Guyot 543 Section V: Conclusions and Vision for the Future Results From LBA and a Vision for Future Amazonian Research M. Batistella, P. Artaxo, C. Nobre, M. Bustamante, and F. Luizao 555 Index 565

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