Cultural anthropology : a perspective on the human condition

Author(s)

• Schultz, Emily A. (Emily Ann)
• Lavenda, Robert H.

Bibliographic Information

Cultural anthropology : a perspective on the human condition

Emily A. Schultz, Robert H. Lavenda

Oxford University Press, c2018

10th ed

• : pbk

Note

Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition, Tenth Edition, encourages students to think critically about culture and to view the world in new ways. The authors incorporate cutting-edge theory into solid coverage of traditional topics and pay special attention to issues of power and inequality in the contemporary world, including gender inequalities, racism, ethnic discrimination, nationalism, caste, and class. Covering the material in fourteen chapters, Cultural Anthropology fits well into a semester-long introductory course structure. "In Their Own Words" commentaries expose students to alternative perspectives from non-anthropologists and indigenous peoples, and "EthnoProfile" boxes provide maps and ethnographic summaries of each society discussed at length in the text. The book also features many pedagogical aids, including a glossary; chapter summaries, review questions, and key terms at chapter ends; and annotated suggestions for further reading.

Table of Contents

Preface Chapter 1. What Is the Anthropological Perspective? What Is Anthropology? What Is the Concept of Culture? What Makes Anthropology a Cross-Disciplinary Discipline? Biological Anthropology --In Their Own Words: Anthropology as a Vocation Cultural Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology Archaeology Applied Anthropology In Their own Words: What Can you Learn from an Anthropology Major? Medical Anthropology The Uses of Anthropology CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Part I: The Tools of Cultural Anthropology Chapter 2. Why Is the Concept of Culture Important? How Do Anthropologists Define Culture? --In Their Own Words: The Paradox of Ethnocentrism Culture, History, and Human Agency --In Their Own Words: Culture and Freedom Why Do Cultural Differences Matter? What Is Ethnocentrism? --Ethno Profile 2.1: Tswana --In Their Own Words: Human-rights Law and the Demonization of Culture Is It Possible to Avoid Ethnocentric Bias? What Is Cultural Relativism? How Can Cultural Relativity Improve our Understanding of Controversial Cultural practices? Genital Cutting, Gender, and Human Rights Genital Cutting as a Valued Ritual Culture and Moral Reasoning Did Their Culture Make Them Do It? Does Culture Explain Everything? Culture Change and Cultural Authenticity The Promise of the Anthropological perspective CHAPTER SUMMARY KEY TERMS FOR REVIEW SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 3. What Is Ethnographic Fieldwork? --Ethno Profile 3.1: Managua Why Do Fieldwork? What Is the Fieldwork Experience Like? A Meeting of Cultural Traditions --Ethno Profile 3.2: Blackston --Ethno Profile 3.3: El Barrio Ethnographic Fieldwork: How Has Anthropologists' Understanding Changed? The Positivist Approach Was There a Problem with Positivism? --Ethno Profile 3.4: Trobriand Islanders Can the Reflexive Approach Replace Positivism? --Anthropology in Everyday Life: Anthropological Ethics Can Fieldwork Be Multisited? What Is the Dialectic of Fieldwork? How Are Interpretation and Translation Important Aspects of Fieldwork? --In Their Own Words: Who's Studying Whom? How Can Anthropologists Move beyond the Dialectic? --In Their Own Words: Japanese Corporate Wives in the United States The Dialectic of Fieldwork: Some Examples --Ethno Profile 3.5: Komachi (mid-1970s) --Ethno Profile 3.6: Banaras What Happens When There Are Ruptures in Communication? --Ethno Profile 3.7: Utkuhikhalingmiut (Utku Inuit) What Are the Effects of Fieldwork? How Does Fieldwork Affect Informants? --Ethno Profile 3.8: Sidi Lahcen Lyussi How Does Fieldwork Affect the Researcher? Does Fieldwork Have Humanizing Effects? --In Their Own Words: The relationship between Anthropologists and Informants Where Does Anthropological Knowledge Come From? How Is Knowledge Produced? Is Anthropological Knowledge Open Ended? --In Their Own Words: The Skills of the Anthropologist CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 4. How Has Anthropological Thinking about Cultural Diversity Changed over Time? Capitalism, Colonialism, and the Origins of Ethnography Capitalism and Colonialism The Fur Trade in North America The Slave and Commodities Trades Colonialism and Modernity The Colonial Political Economy --In Their Own Words: The Anthropological Voice Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter What Explains Human Cultural Variation? --In Their Own Words: The ecologically Noble Savage? Evolutionary Typologies: The Nineteenth Century Social Structural Typologies: The British Emphasis Doing without Typologies: Culture Area Studies in America How Do Anthropologists Study Forms of Human Society Today? Postcolonial Realities Locating Cultural Processes in History Analyzing Cultural Processes under Globalization The Anthropology of Science, Technology, and Medicine CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Part II: The Resources of Culture Chapter 5. What Is Human Language? Why Do Anthropologists Study Language? Language and Culture Talking about Experience What Makes Human Language Distinctive? --In Their Own Words: Cultural Translation What Does It Mean to "Learn" a Language? Language and Context --Ethno Profile 5.1: Java Does Language Affect How We See the World? What Are the Components of Language? Phonology: Sounds Morphology: Word Structure Syntax: Sentence Structure Semantics: Meaning Pragmatics: Language in Contexts of Use Ethnopragmatics --Ethno Profile 5.2: Samoa What Happens When Languages Come into Contact? What Is the Relation of Pidgins and Creoles? How Is Meaning Negotiated in Pidgins and Creoles? What Does Linguistic Inequality Look Like? What Are the Controversies Surrounding the Language Habits of African Americans? --In Their Own Words: Varieties of African American English What Is Language Ideology? What Are the Controversies Surrounding the Language Habits of Women and Men? What Is Lost If a Language Dies? --Anthropology in Everyday Life: Language Revitalization How Are Language and Truth Connected? CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 6. How Do We Make Meaning? What Is Play? How Do We Think about Play? --Ethno Profile 6.1: Aymara What Are Some Effects of Play? Do People Play by the Rules? How Are Culture and Sport Related? How Is Sport in the Nation-State Organized? --Ethno Profile 6.2: Brazil Sport as Metaphor --Ethno Profile 6.3: Cuba How Are Baseball and Masculinity Related in Cuba? What Is Art? Can Art Be Defined? "But Is It Art?" "She's Fake": Art and Authenticity How Does Hip-Hop Become Japanese? --Ethno Profile 6.4: Japan How Does Sculpture Figure in the Baule Gbagba Dance? The Mass Media: A Television Serial in Egypt --In Their Own Words: Tango What Is Myth? --Ethno Profile 6.5: Cairo How Does Myth Reflect-and Shape-Society? Do Myths Help Us Think? What Is Ritual? How Do Anthropologists Define Ritual? What Makes a Child's Birthday Party a Ritual? How Is Ritual Expressed in Action? What Are Rites of Passage? How Are Play and Ritual Complementary? --In Their Own Words: Video in the Villages --Ethno Profile 6.6: Yoruba How Do Cultural Practices Combine Play, Art, Myth, and Ritual? --Ethno Profile 6.7: Sinhalese CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 7. What Can Anthropology Tell Us about Religion and Worldview? --Ethno Profile 7.1: Guider What Is a Worldview? How Do Anthropologists Study Worldviews? What Are Some Key Metaphors for Constructing Worldviews? --Ethno Profile 7.2: Dinka What Is Religion? How Do People Communicate in Religion? How Are Religion and Social Organization Related? --Ethno Profile 7.3: Fang Worldviews in Practice: Two Case Studies Coping with Misfortune: Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic among the Azande --Ethno Profile 7.4: Azande Are There Patterns of Witchcraft Accusation? Coping with Misfortune: Listening for God among Contemporary Evangelicals in the United States --In Their Own Words: For all Those Who Were Indian in a Former Life Maintaining and Changing a Worldview How Do People Cope with Change? Anthropology in Everyday Life: Lead Poisoning among Mexican American Children --Ethno Profile 7.5: Kwaio --In Their Own Words: Custom and Confrontation How Are Worldviews Used as Instruments of Power? Is Secularism a Worldview? Religion and Secularism Muslim Headscarves in France: A Case Study CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Part III: The Organization of Material Life Chapter 8. How Are Culture and Power Connected? Who Has the Power to Act? How Do Anthropologists Study Politics? What Is Coercion? Coercion in Societies without States? Domination and Hegemony Power and National Identity: A Case Study --Ethno Profile 8.1: Beng --Ethno Profile 8.2: Tamils Biopower and Governmentality Trying to Elude Governmentality: A Case Study --In Their Own Words: Reforming the Crow Constitution --Anthropology in Everyday Life: Anthropology and Advertising The Ambiguity of Power How Can Power Be an Independent Entity? What Is the Power of the Imagination? The Power of the Weak --Ethno Profile 8.3: Bolivian Tin Miners What Does It Mean to Bargain for Reality? --Ethno Profile 8.4: Sefrou --Ethno Profile 8.5: "Sedaka" Village --In Their Own Words: Protesters gird for Long Fight over Opening Peru's Amazon How Does History Become a Prototype of and for Political Action? --Ethno Profile 8.6: Northern Peru (Rondas Campesinas) How Can the Meaning of History Be Negotiated? CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 9. How Do People Make a Living? What Are Subsistence Strategies? What Are the Connections between Culture and Livelihood? Self-Interest, Institutions, and Morals What Are Production, Distribution, and Consumption? How Are Goods Distributed and Exchanged? Capitalism and Neoclassical Economics --In Their Own Words: David Graeber on Debt Modes of Exchange Does Production Drive Economic Activities? --Ethno Profile 9.1: Nootka Labor Modes of Production The Role of Conflict in Material Life --Anthropology in Everyday Life: Producing Sorghum and Millet in Honduras and the Sudan Applying Production Theory to Social and Cultural Life --In Their Own Words: "So Much Work, So Much Tragedy . . . and for What?" Why Do People Consume What They Do? --In Their Own Words: Solidarity Forever The Internal Explanation: Malinowski and Basic Human Needs The External Explanation: Cultural Ecology Food Storage and Sharing How Does Culture Construct Human Needs? What Is the Original Affluent Society? The Abominations of Leviticus Banana Leaves in the Trobriand Islands Changing Consumption in Rural Guatemala How Does Culture Construct Utility? --In Their Own Words: Fake Masks and Faux Modernity Consumption Studies Today Coca-Cola in Trinidad What Is the Anthropology of Food and Nutrition? Interplay between the Meaningful and the Material CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Part IV: Systems of Relationships Chapter 10. What Can Anthropology Teach Us about Sex, Gender, and Sexuality? How Did Twentieth-Century Feminism Shape the Anthropological Study of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality? --Ethno Profile 10.1: Mount Hagen How Do Anthropologists Organize the Study of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality? How Are Sex and Gender Affected by Other Forms of Identity? --Ethno Profile 10.2: Haiti How Do Ethnographers Study Gender Performativity? How Do Anthropologists Study Connections Among Sex, Gender, Sexuality, and the Body? How Do Anthropologists Study Connections between Bodies and Technologies? How Do Anthropologists Study Relations between Sex, Gender, and Sexuality? How Does Ethnography Document Variable Culture Understandings Concerning Sex, Gender, and Sexuality? Female Sexual Practices in Mombasa --Ethno Profile 10.3: Mombasa Swahilis Male and Female Sexual Practices in Nicaragua Transsexuality and Same-Sex Desire in Iran CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 11. Where Do Our Relatives Come from and Why Do They Matter? How Do Human Beings Organize Interdependence? What Is Friendship? What Is Kinship? What Is the Role of Descent in Kinship? Bilateral Kindreds What Role Do Lineages Play in Descent? --Ethno Profile 11.1: Ju/'hoansi Lineage Membership The Logic of Lineage Relationships What Are Patrilineages? --Ethno Profile 11.2: Tiv --Ethno Profile 11.3: Nuer What Are Matrilineages? --Ethno Profile 11.4: Navajo Matrilineality, Electoral Politics, and the Art of the Neutral Partisan What Are Kinship Terminologies? What Criteria Are Used for Making Kinship Distinctions? What Is Adoption? --Ethno Profile 11.5: Zumbagua Adoption in Highland Ecuador What Is the Relation Between Adoption and Child Circulation in the Andes? How Flexible Can Relatedness Be? Negotiation of Kin Ties among the Ju/'hoansi European American Kinship and New Reproductive Technologies --Ethno Profile 11.6: Thailand Assisted Reproduction in Israel Compadrazgo in Latin America --Ethno Profile 11.7: Israel Organ Transplantation and the Creation of New Relatives What Is Marriage? Toward a Definition of Marriage Woman Marriage and Ghost Marriage among the Nuer Why Is Marriage a Social Process? Patterns of Residence after Marriage Single and Plural Spouses --Ethno Profile 11.8: Ashanti What Is the Connection between Marriage and Economic Exchange? --Ethno Profile 11.9: Nyinba --In Their Own Words: Outside Work, Women, and Bridewealth What Is a Family? What Is the Nuclear Family? --In Their Own Words: Dowry Too High. Lose Bride and go to Jail 26 What Is the Polygynous Family? --Ethno Profile 11.10: Mende Extended and Joint Families How Are Families Transformed over Time? Divorce and Remarriage --Ethno Profile 11.11: Alaskan Inuit --In Their Own Words: Law, Custom, and Crimes against Women How Does International Migration Affect the Family? --Ethno Profile 11.12: Los Pinos --In Their Own Words: Survival and a Surrogate Family Families by Choice --Anthropology in Everyday Life: Caring for Infibulated Women Giving Birth in Norway --In Their Own Words: Why Migrant Women Feed Their Husbands Tamales The Flexibility of Marriage Love, Marriage, and HIV/AIDS in Nigeria --In Their Own Words: Two Cheers for Gay Marriage CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Part V: From Local to Global Chapter 12. What Can Anthropology Tell Us about Social Inequality? Class Caste Caste in India --Ethno Profile 12.1: Gopalpur How Do Caste and Class Intersect in Contemporary India? --Ethno Profile 12.2: Marghi Caste in Western Africa The Value of Caste as an Analytic Category Race --In Their Own Words: As economic Turmoil Mounts, So Do Attacks on Hungary's Gypsies --In Their Own Words: On the Butt Size of Barbie and Shani The Biology of Human Variation Race as a Social Category --Ethno Profile 12.3: Colonial Oaxaca (1521-1812) Race in Colonial Oaxaca Colorism in Nicaragua Ethnicity --In Their Own Words: The Politics of Ethnicity Ethnicity in Urban Africa Ethnicity and Race Nation and Nation-State Nationalities and Nationalism Australian Nationalism --Anthropology in Everyday Life: Anthropology and Democracy Naturalizing Discourses The Paradox of Essentialized Identities Nation-Building in a Postcolonial World: Fiji Nationalism and Its Dangers CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 13. What Can Anthropology Tell Us about Globalization? --Ethno Profile 13.1: Kayapo --In Their Own Words: Amazon Indians Honor an Intrepid Spirit --In Their Own Words: The Ethnographer's Responsibility --In Their Own Words: Slumdog Tourism Cultural Imperialism or Cultural Hybridity? Cultural Imperialism Cultural Hybridity --In Their Own Words: How Sushi Went Global The Limits of Cultural Hybridity How Does Globalization Affect the Nation-State? Are Global Flows Undermining Nation-States? Migration, Trans-Border Identities, and Long-Distance Nationalism --In Their Own Words: Cofan --Ethno Profile 13.2: Rione Monti (Rome) Anthropology and Multicultural Politics in the New Europe How Can Citizenship Be Flexible? What Is Territorial Citizenship? What Is Vernacular Statecraft? Are Human Rights Universal? Human Rights Discourse as the Global Language of Social Justice Rights versus Culture Rights to Culture Rights as Culture --Anthropology in Everyday Life: Anthropology and Indigenous Rights How Can Culture Help in Thinking about Rights? Violence against Women in Hawaii --Ethno Profile 13.3: Hawaii What Is the Relationship between Human Rights and Humanitarianism? Can We Be at Home in a Global World? Cosmopolitanism --In Their Own Words: Destructive Logging and Deforestation in Indonesia Friction Border Thinking CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 14. How Is Anthropology Applied in the Field of Medicine? What Is Medical Anthropology? What Makes Medical Anthropology "Biocultural"? How Do People with Different Cultures Understand the Causes of Sickness and Health? Kinds of Selves Decentered Selves on the Internet Self and Subjectivity Subjectivity, Trauma, and Structural Violence How Are Human Sickness and Health Shaped by the Global Capitalist Economy? --In Their Own Words: Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions Health, Human Reproduction, and Global Capitalism Medical Anthropology and HIV/AIDS The Future of Medical Anthropology Why Study Anthropology? CHAPTER SUMMARY FOR REVIEW KEY TERMS SUGGESTED READINGS Glossary Bibliography Credits Index

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Details

• NCID: BB23589302
• ISBN:
  • 9780190620684
• LCCN: 2016030163
• Country Code: us
• Title Language Code: eng
• Text Language Code: eng
• Place of Publication: New York
• Pages/Volumes: xviii, 461 p.
• Size: 28 cm
• Classification:
  • LCC : GN316
  • DC23 : 305.8
• Subject Headings:
  • LCSH : Ethnology