CiNii Books - Urban water security

In the 21st Century, the world will see an unprecedented migration of people moving from rural to urban areas. With global demand for water projected to outstrip supply in the coming decades, cities will likely face water insecurity as a result of climate change and the various impacts of urbanisation. Traditionally, urban water managers have relied on large-scale, supply-side infrastructural projects to meet increased demands for water; however, these projects are environmentally, economically and politically costly. Urban Water Security argues that cities need to transition from supply-side to demand-side management to achieve urban water security. This book provides readers with a series of in-depth case studies of leading developed cities, of differing climates, incomes and lifestyles from around the world, that have used demand management tools to modify the attitudes and behaviour of water users in an attempt to achieve urban water security. Urban Water Security will be of particular interest to town and regional planners, water conservation managers and policymakers, international companies and organisations with large water footprints, environmental and water NGOs, researchers, graduate and undergraduate students.

Table of Contents

Series Editor Foreword - Challenges in Water Management xvii Acknowledgements xix Introduction 1 1 Water 101 5 Introduction 5 1.1 What is water? 5 1.2 Hydrological cycle 6 1.3 Natural variations to water quantity 11 1.4 Natural variations to water quality 14 1.5 Impacts of urbanisation on water resources 17 1.6 Water and wastewater treatment processes 20 Notes 22 2 What is urban water security? 25 Introduction 25 2.1 Non ]climatic challenges to achieving urban water security 26 2.2 Climatic challenges to achieving urban water security 30 2.3 Reducing non ]climatic and climatic risks to urban water security 32 Notes 34 3 Managing water sustainably to achieve urban water security 37 Introduction 37 3.1 What is sustainability? 37 3.2 What does sustainability mean in urban water management? 42 3.3 Sustainable water resources management frameworks 45 3.4 Framework for managing urban water sustainably: Integrated urban water management 49 3.5 Other frameworks for managing urban water sustainably 52 Notes 53 4 Demand management to achieve urban water security 60 Introduction 60 4.1 Purpose of demand management 60 4.2 Regulatory and technological demand management instruments 62 4.3 Communication and information demand management instruments 75 4.4. Portfolio of demand management tools 78 Notes 79 5 Transitions 86 Introduction 86 5.1 What is a transition? 86 5.2 Operationalisation of transitions 91 5.3 Diffusion mechanisms 93 5.4 Transition management 95 Notes 97 6 Transitions towards managing natural resources and water 105 Introduction 105 6.1 Transitions in natural resource management 106 6.2 What is a transition in urban water management? 109 6.3 Operationalising transitions in third ]order scarcity 112 6.4 Barriers to transitions towards urban water security 115 Notes 121 7 Amsterdam transitioning towards urban water security 136 Introduction 136 7.1 Brief company background 136 7.2 Water supply and water consumption 137 7.3 Strategic vision: Amsterdam's Definitely Sustainable 2011-2014 138 7.4 Drivers of water security 138 7.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 141 7.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 144 7.7 Case study SWOT analysis 146 7.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 149 Notes 150 8 Berlin transitioning towards urban water security 151 Introduction 151 8.1 Brief company background 151 8.2 Water supply and water consumption 152 8.3 Strategic vision: Using water wisely 153 8.4 Drivers of water security 153 8.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 155 8.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 159 8.7 Case study SWOT analysis 160 8.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 163 Notes 164 9 Copenhagen transitioning towards urban water security 165 Introduction 165 9.1 Brief company background 165 9.2 Water supply and water consumption 166 9.3 Strategic vision: Water supply plan (2012-2016) 166 9.4 Drivers of water security 167 9.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 169 9.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 174 9.7 Case study SWOT analysis 175 9.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 178 Notes 179 10 Denver transitioning towards urban water security 180 Introduction 180 10.1 Brief company background 180 10.2 Water supply and water consumption 181 10.3 Strategic vision: Denver Water's 22 percent water target 183 10.4 Drivers of water security 183 10.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 185 10.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 191 10.7 Case study SWOT analysis 194 10.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 196 Notes 198 11 Hamburg transitioning towards urban water security 199 Introduction 199 11.1 Brief company background 199 11.2 Water supply and water consumption 200 11.3 Strategic vision: The HAMBURG WATER Cycle 200 11.4 Drivers of water security 200 11.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 202 11.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 206 11.7 Case study SWOT analysis 207 11.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 210 Note 210 12 London transitioning towards urban water security 211 Introduction 211 12.1 Brief company background 211 12.2 Water supply and water consumption 212 12.3 Strategic vision: Reducing consumption 212 12.4 Drivers of water security 212 12.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 213 12.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 216 12.7 Case study SWOT analysis 220 12.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 224 Notes 224 13 Singapore transitioning towards urban water security 225 Introduction 225 13.1 Brief company background 225 13.2 Water supply and water consumption 226 13.3 Strategic vision: Balancing supply with rising demand 227 13.4 Drivers of water security 227 13.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 229 13.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 235 13.7 Case study SWOT analysis 237 13.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 241 Notes 241 14 Toronto transitioning towards urban water security 242 Introduction 242 14.1 Brief company background 242 14.2 Water supply and water consumption 243 14.3 Strategic vision: Toronto's Water Efficiency Plan 244 14.4 Drivers of water security 244 14.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 245 14.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 250 14.7 Case study SWOT analysis 252 14.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 256 Notes 256 15 Vancouver transitioning towards urban water security 257 Introduction 257 15.1 Brief company background 257 15.2 Water supply and water consumption 258 15.3 Strategic vision: Clean water and lower consumption 259 15.4 Drivers of water security 260 15.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 261 15.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 266 15.7 Case study SWOT analysis 267 15.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 271 Notes 271 16 Sharing the journey: Best practices and lessons learnt 272 Introduction 272 16.1 Best practices 272 16.2 Lessons learnt 276 16.3 Moving forwards 280 Conclusions 284 Index 292

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Urban water security

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