CiNii Books - Smoking and politics : bureaucracy centered policymaking

For use as a principal assignment for intermediate-level courses in public policy, public administration, government regulation of the economy, public health, and administrative law and as a supplemental text for introductory courses in American Government. The book is designed to help students understand the central role of the bureaucracy in policy-making. It examines formal rulemaking procedures as well as the informal and political aspects of decisionmaking. The book considers policymaking as a system including the president, Congress, the courts, private sector actors, state governments, and the Federal bureaucracy. And, the volume considers questions raised by the extensive role of bureaucracies in policymaking in a democracy The authors wrote this text to show that bureaucratic decision making is frequently exciting, an important element of political strategy, and potentially momentous in its results. Not only do many people not realize the scope of the policy making activities of the federal bureaucracy, they do not understand the procedures employed in making that policy and thus have little opportunity to participate meaningfully in bureaucratic policy making. The authors aim to help students of government understand the importance of this area and make them more effective participants in these processes. Upon completing this volume, readers will have not only a solid grasp of bureaucratic policy making but also of the political maneuvering that underlies any issue whose outcome will produce winners and losers. There is very little in American government texts about the role of bureaucracy in policymaking. Public policy in practice rarely fits the structural, formalistic explanations often offered of the making of policy. Policymaking dynamically crisscrosses levels and branches of government, public and private sectors, and domestic and international boundaries, thus confounding traditional approaches to the teaching of American government. Smoking and Politics engagingly captures these dynamics as they play out over time. The new 6th edition is a part of the Paul S. Hernnson (Editor) series Real Politics in America. Recognizing the centrality and complexity of modern bureaucracy and public policymaking, Smoking and Politics helps readers understand how most policy is made in modern governments. An excellent example of scholarship focused on an important issue in public policy.

Table of Contents

CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1. Introduction to Policymaking in the Bureaucracy The Surprising Reach of Administrative Policymaking Smoking and Health: How an Issue Mutates over Time Diluted Response to the Impact of Smoking: Why? Bureaucracy Centered Policymaking Notes Chapter 2. The Grip of Tobacco Interests on Policymaking The Prohibition Era: A Short-Lived, State-Level Phenomenon Science Uncovers a Larger Health Hazard Congress Rebuffs Health Proponents Birth of a Powerful, Seemingly Invincible Lobby The Tobacco Policy Subsystem The Transformation of Tobacco Politics: The Collapse of a Policy Monopoly Beyond the Subsystem: Tobacco Interests and Their Allies The Schizophrenia of Business toward Government Regulation Notes Chapter 3. Smoking and Health Move to the Public Agenda: The Surgeon General Reports and the FTC Acts Regulation on the Basis of False Advertising Where Do Issues Come From? Where Do They Go? Why? A Challenge to the Old Subsystem A Bureaucracy Divided: The Government Does Not Speak with One Voice An Advisory Committee Sets a New Policy Direction in Motion Support for a Health Warning: Serendipity and Allies Advisory Committees as Legitimizing Agents: The Importance of Neutral Expertise Impact of the Advisory Committee's Report: Staging and Content Bureaucrats and Members of Congress: A System of Mutual Dependencies Notes Chapter 4. The Legal Basis of Bureaucracy Centered Policymaking Congressional Delegation of Authority Regulatory Authority Delegated to the FTC The Supreme Court on Delegation Change in Emphasis at the FTC Notes Chapter 5. Effective Enforcement and Strategies to Combat It: Procedures Used in Administrative Policymaking Adjudication and Rule Making at the Federal Trade Commission The FTC's Experience with Cigarette Regulation The FTC Adopts Rule-Making Procedures The Rule-Making Hearings Cigarette Hearings at the FTC Witnesses Industry Strategy: Challenge the Authority, Not the Merits The Commissioners Respond The FTC's Defense of Its Action Promulgation of Rules Expanding Delegation and Diminishing Accountability Tobacco Interests Object to the Rule Notes Chapter 6. Congressional Power and Agency Policymaking Congressional Oversight The Federal Trade Commission's Oversight Struggle No Victory for Health Strategy for Success The Health Lobby The Congressional Hearings The Cigarette Industry Testifies The FTC Rescinds Its Rule Notes Chapter 7. The Bureaucracy, Congress, and the President: Balancing Acts The FCC Enters the Fray The FCC Intensifies the Battle Fitful Progress: The Efforts of a Persistent FTC Keeping the Pressure On: The Politics of Information The Surgeon General: Information, Not Regulation The Industry Fights Back: Politics Turns Information on Its Head The Role of the President Big Tobacco under Siege: Multiple Venues Notes Chapter 8. The Courts Move into the Spotlight A New Era in Tobacco Litigation New Private Litigation: The Castano Case The Whistle-Blowers The First Settlement: Liggett & Myers Breaks Ranks Pressure Mounts for Global Settlement Developments in Wake of the MSA Notes Chapter 9. Policy Entrepreneurship in the Bureaucracy and Beyond Getting the President on Board Kessler Presses On Combined Impact of 1998 Master Settlement Agreement and Kessler The Interaction of Markets and Politics Bureaucrats' Network: The Health Community Goes International Notes Chapter 10. Bureaucracy Centered Policymaking in a Democracy Bureaucrats Have Too Much Power External Checks on Bureaucratic Autonomy Administrative Procedure Act: Legislative and Judicial Authority of Agencies Administrative Law Judges Written Records Advisory Committees Accessibility The Policymaking Role of Bureaucracies Reconsidered Notes Index

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