Balochistan : architecture, craft, and religious symbolism

著者

    • Keiany, Mohsen

書誌事項

Balochistan : architecture, craft, and religious symbolism

Mohsen Keiany

Oxford University Press, 2015

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [305]-329) and index

This work discusses the interrelated dynamics of schooling, society and inclusive education, focusing on the knowledge and skills Teacher Education students need to make sense of their professional and social environment and to engage with the realities of schooling in South Africa and Africa

内容説明・目次

内容説明

This research work explores the living tradition of Baluchistan and provides a deeper understanding of its religo-cultural aspects. The architectural and artistic traditions are well-documented in this book. The material presented on prayer rugs, tents, and aspects of the nomadic and semi-nomadic architecture is wholly original. The research first focuses on the social environment of Baluchistan, in order to understand the input of local culture and tribo-religious influences of local architecture. The Baluchi lifestyle is analysed on a broad plane, taking into account native architecture including mosques and symbolic minarets as key factors, together with their design, characteristics, social contextualisation and methods of production.

目次

  • CONTENTS
  • PREFACE XIII
  • LIST OF FIGURES XV
  • LIST OF TABLES XXIV
  • 1. Introduction 1
  • 1.1 STUDY CONTENTS 3
  • 1.2 THE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 6
  • 1.3 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHS 7
  • 1.4 THE STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 11
  • 2. Balochistan: Geography, History, and Language 13
  • 2.1 GEOGRAPHY 15
  • 2.2 HISTORY 17
  • 2.3 TRIBAL STRUCTURE 19
  • 2.3.1 BALOCH 20
  • 2.3.2BRAHUI 20
  • 2.3.3PASHTUNS 21
  • 2.4 LANGUAGES IN BALOCHISTAN22
  • 2.4.1 BALOCHI 23
  • 2.4.2 BRAHUI 24
  • 2.4.3 PASHTO 24
  • 2.4.4 DARI 25
  • 2.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
  • 26
  • 2.5.1 SOCIAL PATTERN 27
  • 2.5.2 ECONOMY 28
  • 2.6 FAITH AND BELIEFS 32
  • 3. Nomadic Lifestyle in Balochistan 35
  • 3.1NOMADIC ARCHITECTURE
  • 38
  • 3.1.1 TENTS 39
  • 3.2 THE STRUCTURE OF THE BLACK TENT IN BALOCHISTAN 42
  • 3.2.1 CLOTH 44
  • 3.2.2TENT FLAPS 47
  • 3.2.3 GUY ROPE 48
  • 3.2.4 FASTENER51
  • 3.2.5 POLE OR POST 53
  • 3.2.6 PEGS 56
  • 3.3 ENCAMPMENT
  • 59
  • 4. Semi-nomadic Lifestyle in Balochistan 65
  • 4.1 ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 68
  • 4.2 REED, TIMBER AND STRAW HOUSES 69
  • 4.3 TREE SHELTERS 77
  • 4.4 SEMI-NOMADIC STONE HOUSES 79
  • 4.5 SEMI-NOMADIC MUD AND EARTH SHELTERS
  • 85
  • 5. The Settled People of Balochistan 91
  • 5.1 ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING MATERIALS 92
  • 5.2 THE STRUCTURE OF PERMANENT HOUSES IN RURAL AREAS OF BALOCHISTAN 93
  • 5.2.1 FOUNDATIONS 93
  • 5.2.2 ROOFING 95
  • 5.2.2.1 TEMPORARY ROOFS 96
  • 5.2.2.2 PERMANENT ROOFS 96
  • 5.3 TYPOLOGY OF THE HOUSES IN RURAL AREAS OF BALOCHISTAN 103
  • 5.3.1 COURTYARD HOUSES 103
  • 5.3.2 ONE-ROOM HOUSES 104
  • 5.3.3 TWO-ROOM HOUSES 105
  • 5.3.4 THREE OR MORE ROOM HOUSES IN BALOCHISTAN 107
  • 5.3.5 TWO STOREY HOUSES
  • 110
  • 5.4 SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF BALOCHISTAN 111
  • 5.5 GENDER SEGREGATION 115
  • 5.5.1 PURDAH OR PRIVACY OF WOMEN 117
  • 5.5.2 BAITHAK: A SITTING ROOM FOR MEN 118
  • 6. Balochi Rugs: Functions and Meanings 123
  • 6.1 PRAYER RUGS (SYMBOLIC MEANINGS AND FUNCTION) 126
  • 6.1.1STRAW PRAYING MAT 126
  • 6.1.2 PRAYER RUG OR CARPET (JANAMAZ) 128
  • 6.2 SYMBOLIC ANIMALS ON BALOCH RUGS 132
  • 6.3 SYMBOLIC FORMS OF MOSQUES ON BALOCH PICTORIAL TEXTILES 136
  • 7. Mosque Architecture 143
  • 7.1 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE 145
  • 7.2 MOSQUE, THE HOUSE OF GOD 148
  • 7.2 DEVELOPMENT OF MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE 150
  • 7.4 TYPOLOGY OF RURAL MOSQUES IN BALOCHISTAN 153
  • 7.4.1 THE STONED MARKED MOSQUES 154
  • 7.4.2 THE SHORT OR LOW WALL MOSQUES 159
  • 7.4.3 THE PERMANENT ROOFED MOSQUES 165
  • 8. Architectural Elements of the Mosque: Function and Meanings 175
  • 8.1 MIHRAB OR PRAYER NICHES180
  • 8.1.1 THE APPEARANCE OF MIHRAB182
  • 8.1.2 THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF MIHRAB 185
  • 8.2 THE PULPIT OR MINBAR 188
  • 8.2.1 HISTORY OF MINBAR 188
  • 8.2.2 SYMBOLIC MEANING OF MINBAR 189
  • 8.3 THE DOME 190
  • 8.3.1 SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE DOME 192
  • 8.4 MINARET 193
  • 8.4.1 THE ORIGIN OF THE MINARET 194
  • 8.5 THE FUNCTIONS OF THE MINARET 207
  • 8.5.1 THE MINARET FOR CALLS TO PRAYER 207
  • 8.5.2 THE MINARET, THE TOWER OF VICTORY 210
  • 8.5.3 THE MINARET AS NAVIGATION SIGN 213
  • 8.6 TYPOLOGY OF THE MINARET 216
  • 8.7 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MINARET IN BALOCHISTAN 221
  • 8.7.1 SITE VISITS (CASE STUDY) 221
  • 8.7.2 VISUAL SURVEY 222
  • 8.7.3 INTERVIEW 225
  • 8.8 TYPOLOGY OF MINARETS IN BALOCHISTAN 227
  • 8.8.1 MANUFACTURED MINARET 227
  • 8.8.2 HANDMADE MINARET 233
  • 9. Symbolism and the Minaret 241
  • 9.1 WHAT IS A SYMBOL? 243
  • 9.2 WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A SYMBOL? 247
  • 9.3 RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS 250
  • 9.4 MINARET AS AN ISLAMIC SYMBOL 255
  • 9.5SYMBOLIC MINARETS IN BALOCHISTAN 262
  • 9.5.1 STONE MINARETS 262
  • 9.5.1.1 SINGLE-STONE MINARETS 262
  • 9.5.1.2 CAIRN-STONE AND STONE-TOWER MINARETS 264
  • 9.5.2 BRICK MINARETS 267
  • 9.5.3 JAR MINARETS 269
  • 9.5.4 ARROW MINARETS 272
  • 9.5.5 GLASS MINARETS 274
  • 9.5.6 HORN MINARETS 276
  • 9.5.7 HOOKAH MINARETS 280
  • 10. Conclusion 287
  • 10.1 THE GENERAL FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH 290
  • 10.2 GENERAL FINDINGS IN RELATION TO MINARETS AND SYMBOLISM 295
  • 10.3 SURVEY ANALYSIS: SPECIFIC FINDINGS AND ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION TO NEW KNOWLEDGE
  • 297
  • 10.4 ILLUSTRATIONS 300
  • 10.5 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 300
  • 10.6 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 302
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY 305
  • GLOSSARY 331

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