The American middle class : an economic encyclopedia of progress and poverty

著者

書誌事項

The American middle class : an economic encyclopedia of progress and poverty

Robert S. Rycroft, editor

Greenwood, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, c2017

  • : set
  • v. 1 : hbk
  • v. 2 : hbk

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

What is the "American Dream"? This book's author argues that contrary to what many believe, it is not achieving the wealth necessary to enter the top one percent but rather becoming members of the great middle class by dint of hard work and self-discipline. Americans of all classes consider themselves to be "middle class." There are Americans who by any objective standard should be considered poor who would insist they are middle class, just as other Americans who should be considered wealthy also insist they are middle class. Thinking of yourself and being thought of by others as middle class is the "American Dream" for tens of millions of people. But an enduring problem of the American middle class is the worry that the "Dream" is coming apart—that forces are lurking in the shadows waiting to steal their progress and throw them back into "poverty." This thought-provoking reference explores a disparate multitude of issues associated with being middle class in America. It addresses a range of questions and subtopics, including the meaning of the term "middle class"; how middle class status is expressed by both the majority and the various minorities that make up the American mosaic; what economic pressures are bearing down on the middle class; and how economists and others attempt to make sense of the economic issues of the day. Readers will also better understand how political institutions and public policies are shaping the way the middle class views the world; how labor, housing, education, and crime-related issues have influenced the development and growth of the middle class; the norms of the middle class versus those of other classes in society; and the role of culture and media in shaping how members of the middle class view themselves—and how they are viewed by others. This two-volume set provides a comprehensive look at the American middle class that supports student research in economics, social studies, cultural studies, and political history. The content supports teachers in their development of lesson plans and assignments that directly align with the Common Core State Standards and the recommendations of the National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies (NCSS) with respect to all ten NCSS themes.

目次

Volume One Alphabetical List of Entries Introduction: The American Dream and the Middle Class Prologue: A Portrait of the Middle Class Essays What Is Middle Class in America? Examining Income and Occupation How Americans View Themselves: The Dilemma of Class Identity The Origins of the Middle Class The Future of the American Middle Class The Critical Role of Race in Defining the Middle Class Portraits The American Indian Middle Class The Asian American Middle Class The Black Middle Class The Rise of a New Black Middle Class The Hispanic Middle Class The LGBT Middle Class The White Middle Class Part 1: Economic Uncertainty and the American Middle Class Overview Essay What Happened to the American Dream? Entries Affordable Care Act and the Labor Market American Capitalism in the 21st Century Antitrust Policy Automobiles and the American Way of Life Banks and the U.S. Economy Behavioral Economics Buchanan, James M. (1919–2013) Business Cycles in the United States Child Care in the United States Climate Change, Economics of Consumer Price Index Consumer Protection Movement Consumerism Crony Capitalism Deindustrialization Earned Income Tax Credit Economic Growth, Conflicting Visions of Economic Growth, Sustainability of Economic Growth Theory and Actual Growth Efficient Market Hypothesis Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Estate and Gift Taxes Executive Compensation Fast Food Federal Reserve System and Monetary Policy Financial Derivatives Financialization Fiscal Policy Forbes 400 Friedman, Milton (1912–2006) Gender Wage Gap General Assistance Programs George, Henry, and the 99 Percent Globalization Government Growth Great Gatsby Curve Great Recession in the United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Hayek, Friedrich A. (1899–1992) Homelessness Household Debt Immigration and Its Economic Impact Immigration and the Middle Class Inflation Intergenerational Mobility Internal Revenue Service (IRS) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Trade Keynesian Economics Measuring Inequality Medicare Minimum Wage Debate Monetarism Money in American History Mutual Funds Occupy Movement Phillips Curve Piketty, Thomas (1971–) Poverty by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the United States Poverty Measurement Predatory Lending Samuelson, Paul (1915–2009) Self-Employment Social Security Stock Market Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Supply-Side Economics Sustainable Business Practices Tax Progressivity Taxation, Excessive Burden of Technological Unemployment Trade and Manufacturing Trade Deficits and the U.S. Economy Unemployment Unemployment Insurance Universal Basic Income U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Wage-Price Policies, 1945–1980 Workers' Compensation Work-Life Balance Part 2: Politics, Public Policy, and the American Middle Class Overview Essay President Obama and Middle-Class America Entries Abortion Absentee Voting Age Discrimination in Employment Act Age Discrimination in the 21st Century Agricultural Policy American Presidency Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Antiwar Movement (Vietnam War) Brown v. Board of Education Bush, George W. (1946–) Carter, Jimmy (1924–) Civil Rights Act Clinton, Bill (1946–) Clinton, Hillary (1947–) Congressional Budget Office Digital Divide Election of 2000 Electoral College Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Equal Pay Act Family and Medical Leave Act Feminist Movement Government Gridlock Hate Groups Human Rights Intergenerational Political Conflict Intimate Partner Violence Johnson, Lyndon B., and the Great Society Kennedy, John F. (1917–1963) Kennedy-Nixon Debates (1960) King, Martin Luther, Jr., and His Economic Vision for America League of United Latin American Citizens Libertarianism Malcolm X (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz) (1925–1965) Marijuana Legalization Marriage Equality Movement Milk, Harvey (1930–1978) Neoliberal Economic Policies Neoliberalism New Space Agenda Nonprofit Sector Nuclear Age Party Affiliation Red States and Blue States Regulatory State Religion and Politics Religious Right Same-Sex Couples and Health Care Sexual Harassment Sharpton, Al (1954–) Small Business Administration Steinem, Gloria (1934–) Student Loans and Rising Tuition Costs Supreme Court of the United States Tea Party Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001, American Reactions to Warren Court Watergate Welfare Policy Women and Minority Leaders Women and Politics Women's Suffrage Volume Two Part 3: Education, Housing, Labor, and the American Middle Class Overview Essays Education and the American Middle Class Homeownership and the Middle Class Labor Unions and the Creation of the Middle Class Entries Affirmative Action in Higher Education Charter Schools Chávez, César E., and the United Farm Workers of America Community College Democratic Unionism Educational Vouchers Fair Housing Act Federal Housing Policy Financial Deregulation, Housing, and the Great Recession GI Bill Lewis, John L., and the United Mine Workers of America National Labor Relations Act Nussbaum, Karen, and the Working Women's Movement Public and Subsidized Housing Radicalism and the Labor Movement Randolph, A. Philip, and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Redlining Residential Segregation Restrictive Covenants Right-to-Work Legislation Special Education STEM Education Unions in the Entertainment Industry Upper Middle Class, Emergence of (1870–1940) Urban Redevelopment Part 4: Health and the American Middle Class Overview Essay Health, Health Care, and the American Middle Class Entries Aging Autism Body Image Issues Cancer Death and Dying Diabetes, Cost of Diet Down Syndrome Eating Disorders Fitness Industry Food and Nutrition Genetic Testing, Ethics of Health and Economic Inequality Health Insurance HIV/AIDS Long-Term Care Mental Illness Obesity, Economics of Smoking Social Determinants of Health Substance Abuse Suicide Part 5: Crime and the American Middle Class Overview Essay Crime and the American Middle Class Entries Alternatives to Incarceration Bullying Clemency Counterterrorism Policy Death Penalty Drug Trafficking and Its Impact on Crime in the United States Drug Use and Crime in the United States Environmental Crime: The Case of the Navajo Gangs Hate Crimes Identity Theft Juvenile Delinquency Mass Incarceration, Politics of Organized Crime Police Misconduct Prison and Public Policy Race, Gender, and Class Disparities in the Criminal Justice System Racism and the U.S. Prison System Recidivism Sexual Assault Terrorism U.S. Prison System Violent Crime Part 6: Norms and the American Middle Class Overview Essay Middle-Class Ideologies: Norms and Historical Changes Entries American Family Ideals Divorce Entrepreneurialism Entrepreneurship in K–12 Education Environmentalism Family Violence Homophobia Marriage and Family Materialism Privacy and Big Data Racism Religion Renewable Energy Respect for Authority School Prayer Sexism Sustainability Part 7: Culture, Media, and the American Middle Class Overview Essays Culture as a Marker of Middle-Class Aspirations The Media Portrayal of the Middle Class Entries Allen, Woody (1935–) Beatles, The Beyoncé Bluegrass Music Comic Books Country Music Fashion Ginsberg, Allen (1926–1997) Hip-Hop Information Economy Internet, The Mad Men Media Representation Movies Newspapers Organization Man Popular Music in American History Presley, Elvis (1935–1977) Rolling Stones, The Social Media Sports Participation and the Reproduction of Ideology: Lessons from Mixed Martial Arts Springsteen, Bruce (1949–) Tattoos Television Contributors Index About the Editor

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