Anthropology : what does it mean to be human?
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書誌事項
Anthropology : what does it mean to be human?
Oxford University Press, c2015
3rd ed
- : pbk
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注記
Previous ed.: 2012
Includes bibliographical references (p. 519-531) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
A unique alternative to more traditional, encyclopedic introductory texts, Anthropology: What Does It Mean to Be Human?, Third Edition, takes a question-oriented approach that incorporates cutting-edge theory and new ways of looking at important contemporary issues such as power, human rights, and inequality. With a total of sixteen chapters, this engaging, full-color text is an ideal one-semester overview that delves deep into anthropology without overwhelming students.New to this EditionA new Chapter 15 on medical anthropologyExpanded coverage of such topics as species concepts in evolutionary biology; biological anthropology, including ethnoprimatology; and the molecularization of raceNew discussions on material culture and developments in archaeology theory and practiceA substantially revised and updated discussion of the fossil recordA new module providing historical background on the rise of globalization processes and neoliberalism following the end of the Cold WarSeveral new "In Their Own Words" and "Anthropology in Everyday Life" boxes
目次
Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology?What Is Anthropology?What Is the Concept of Culture?What Makes Anthropology a Cross-Disciplinary Discipline?Biological AnthropologyIn Their Own Words: Anthropology as a Vocation: Listening to VoicesCultural AnthropologyLinguistic AnthropologyArchaeologyApplied AnthropologyMedical AnthropologyThe Uses of AnthropologyIn Their Own Words: What Can You Learn from an Anthropology Major?Module 1: Anthropology, Science, and StorytellingScientific and Nonscientific ExplanationsSome Key Scientific ConceptsChapter 2: Why Is Evolution Important to Anthropologists?What Is Evolutionary Theory?What Material Evidence Is There for Evolution?Pre-Darwinian Views of the Natural WorldEssentialismThe Great Chain of BeingCatastrophism and UniformitarianismTransformational EvolutionWhat Is Natural Selection?Population ThinkingNatural Selection in ActionHow Did Biologists Learn about Genes?Mendel's ExperimentsThe Emergence of GeneticsWhat Are the Basics of Contemporary Genetics?Genes and TraitsAnthropology in Everyday Life: Investigating Human-Rights Violationsand Identifying RemainsMutationDNA and the Genome"There Is No 'Race Memory' in Biology, Only in Books"Genotype, Phenotype, and the Norm of ReactionIn Their Own Words: How Living Organisms Construct Their EnvironmentsWhat Does Evolution Mean?Chapter 3: What Can Evolutionary Theory Tell Us about Human Variation?What Is Microevolution?The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis and Its LegacyThe Molecularization of Race?The Four Evolutionary ProcessesIn Their Own Words: DNA Tests Find Branches but Few RootsMicroevolution and Patterns of Human VariationAdaptation and Human VariationPhenotype, Environment, and CultureWhat Is Macroevolution?Can We Predict the Future of Human Evolution?Module 2: Dating Methods in Paleoanthropology and ArchaeologyRelative Dating MethodsNumerical Dating MethodsModeling Prehistoric ClimatesChapter 4: What Can the Study of Primates Tell Us about Human Beings?What Are Primates?How Do Biologists Classify Primates?How Many Categories of Living Primates Are There?StrepsirrhinesHaplorhinesIn Their Own Words: The Future of Primate BiodiversityWhat is Ethnoprimatology?Are There Patterns in Primate Evolution?In Their Own Words: Chimpanzee TourismHow do Paleoanthropologists Reconstruct Primate Evolutionary History?Primates of the PaleocenePrimates of the EocenePrimates of the OligocenePrimates of the MioceneChapter 5: What Can the Fossil Record Tell Us about Human Origins?What Is Hominin Evolution?Who Were the First Hominins (6-3 mya)?The Origin of BipedalismIn Their Own Words: Finding FossilsChanges in Hominin DentitionWho Were the Later Australopiths (3-1.5 mya)?How Many Species of Australopith Were There?How Can Anthropologists Explain the Human Transition? What Do We Know about Early Homo (2.4-1.5 mya)? Expansion of the Australopith BrainHow Many Species of Early Homo Were There?Earliest Evidence of Culture: Stone Tools of the Oldowan TraditionWho Was Homo Erectus (1.8-1.7 mya to 0.5-0.4 mya)?Morphological Traits of H. erectus The Culture of H. erectus H. erectus the HunterWhat Happened to H. Erectus?How Did Homo Sapiens Evolve?What Is the Fossil Evidence for the Transition to Modern H. sapiens?Where Did Modern H. sapiens Come From?Who Were the Neandertals (130,000-35,000 Years Ago)? What Do We Know About Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age Culture?In Their Own Words: Bad Hair Days in the Paleolithic: Modern (Re)Constructions of the Cave ManDid Neandertals Hunt?What Do We Know About Anatomically Modern Humans (200,000 Years Ago to Present)? What Can Genetics Tell Us About Modern Human Origins?What Do We Know About the Upper Paleolithic/Late Stone Age? (40,000?-12,000 Years Ago) What Happened to the Neandertals?How Many Kinds of Upper Paleolithic/Late Stone Age Cultures Were There?In Their Own Words: Women's Art in the Upper Paleolithic?Where Did Modern H. Sapiens Migrate in Late Pleistocene Times?Eastern Asia and SiberiaThe AmericasAustralasiaTwo Million Years of Human EvolutionChapter 6: How Do We Know about the Human Past?What Is Archaeology?SurveysArchaeological ExcavationHow Do Archaeologists Interpret the Past?Subsistence StrategiesBands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and StatesWhose Past Is It?How Is the Past Being Plundered?What Are the Critical Issues in Contemporary Archaeology?Archaeology and GenderCollaborative Approaches to Studying the PastAnthropology in Everyday Life: Archaeology as a Tool of Civic Engagement Cosmopolitan Archaeologies Chapter 7: Why Did Humans Settle Down, Build Cities, and Establish States?How Is the Human Imagination Entangled with the Material World?Is Plant Cultivation a Form of Niche Construction?How do Anthropologists Explain the Origins of Animal Domestication?Was There Only One Motor of Domestication? How Did Domestication, Cultivation, and Sedentism Begin in Southwest Asia?Natufian Social OrganizationAnthropology in Everyday Life: Catal Hoeyuk in the Twenty-First CenturyNatufian SubsistenceDomestication Elsewhere in the WorldWhat Were the Consequences of Domestication and Sedentism?In Their Own Words: The Food RevolutionHow Do Anthropologists Define Social Complexity?Why Is It Incorrect To Describe Foraging Societies as "Simple?"What Is the Archaeological Evidence for Social Complexity?Why Did Stratification Begin?How Can Anthropologists Explain the Rise of Complex Societies?In Their Own Words: The Ecological Consequences of Social ComplexityAndean CivilizationChapter 8: Why Is the Concept of Culture Important?How Do Anthropologists Define Culture?In Their Own Words: The Paradox of EthnocentrismCulture, History, and Human AgencyIn Their Own Words: Culture and FreedomIn Their Own Words: Human-Rights Law and the Demonization of CultureWhy Do Cultural Differences Matter?What Is Ethnocentrism?Is It Possible to Avoid Ethnocentric Bias?What Is Cultural Relativism?How Can Cultural Relativity Improve Our Understanding of Controversial Cultural Practices?Genital Cutting, Gender, and Human RightsGenital Cutting as a Valued RitualCulture and Moral ReasoningDid Their Culture Make Them Do It?Does Culture Explain Everything?Culture Change and Cultural AuthenticityThe Promise of the Anthropological PerspectiveModule 3: On Ethnographic MethodsA Meeting of Cultural TraditionsSingle-Sited FieldworkMultisited FieldworkCollecting and Interpreting DataThe Dialectic of Fieldwork: Interpretation and TranslationInterpreting Actions and IdeasThe Dialectic of Fieldwork: An ExampleThe Effects of FieldworkThe Production of Anthropological KnowledgeAnthropological Knowledge as Open-EndedChapter 9: Why Is Understanding Human Language Important?How Are Language and Culture Related?How Do People Talk about Experience?In Their Own Words: Cultural TranslationWhat Makes Human Language Distinctive?What Does It Mean to "Learn" a Language?How Does Context Affect Language?How Does Language Affect How We See the World?Pragmatics: How Do We Study Language in Contexts of Use?EthnopragmaticsWhat Happens When Languages Come into Contact?What Is the Difference between a Pidgin and a Creole?How Is Meaning Negotiated?What Is Linguistic Inequality?What Are Language Habits of African Americans?In Their Own Words: Varieties of African American EnglishWhat Is Language Ideology?Anthropology in Everyday Life: Language RevitalizationWhat Is Lost if a Language Dies?How Are Language and Truth Connected?In Their Own Words: The Madness of HungerAnthropology in Everyday Life: Lead Poisoning among Mexican American ChildrenModule 4: Components of LanguagePhonology: SoundsMorphology: Word StructureSyntax: Sentence StructureSemantics: MeaningChapter 10: How Do We Make Meaning?What Is Play?What Do We Think about Play?What Are Some Effects of Play?What Is Art?Is There a Definition of Art?"But Is It Art?" In Their Own Words: Tango"She's Fake": Art and AuthenticityHow Does Hip-Hope Become Japanese?What Is Myth? How Does Myth Reflect - and Shape - Society? Do Myths Help Us Think? What Is Ritual?How Can Ritual Be Defined?How Is Ritual Expressed in Action?What Are Rites of Passage?In Their Own Words: Video in the VillagesHow Are Play and Ritual Complementary?How Are Worldview and Symbolic Practice Related?What Is Religion?How Do People Communicate in Religion?How Are Religion and Social Organization Related?Worldviews in Operation: Two Case StudiesCoping with Misfortune: Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic among the AzandeAre There Patterns of Witchcraft Accusation?Coping with Misfortune: Listening for God among Contemporary Evangelicals in the U.S. In Their Own Words: For All Those Who Were Indian in a Former LifeMaintaining and Changing a Worldview How Do People Cope with Change? In Their Own Words: Custom and Confrontation How Are Worldviews Used as Instruments of Power? Chapter 11: Why Do Anthropologists Study Economic Relations?How Do Anthropologists Study Economic Relations? What Are the Connections between Culture and Livelihood? How Do Anthropologists Study Production, Distribution, and Consumption? How Are Goods Distributed and Exchanged? What Are Modes of Exchange? Does Production Drive Economic Activities? In Their Own Words: "So Much Work, So Much Tragedy . . . and for What?" Labor Modes of Production Anthropology in Everyday Life: Producing Sorghum and Millet in Honduras and the Sudan In Their Own Words: Solidarity Forever What Is the Role of Conflict in Material Life? Why Do People Consume What They Do? The Internal Explanation: Malinowski and Basic Human Needs The External Explanation: Cultural Ecology In Their Own Words: Questioning Collapse How Is Consumption Culturally Patterned? How Is Consumption Being Studied Today? In Their Own Words: Fake Masks and Faux Modernity The Anthropology of Food and Nutrition Chapter 12: How Do Anthropologists Study Political Relations?How Are Culture and Politics Related? How Do Anthropologists Study Politics? Coercion Power and National Identity: A Case Study Can Governmentality Be Eluded? Anthropology in Everyday Life: Anthropology and AdvertisingIn Their Own Words: Reforming the Crow Constitution How Are Politics, Gender, and Kinship Related? How Are Immigration and Politics Related in the New Europe? Hidden Transcripts and the Power of Reflection In Their Own Words: Protesters Gird for Long Fight over Opening Peru's Amazon Anthropology in Everyday Life: Human Terrain Teams and Anthropological EthicsChapter 13: Where Do Our Relatives Come From and Why Do They Matter?What Is Kinship? Sex, Gender, and Kinship What Is the Role of Descent in Kinship? What Roles Do Lineages Play in Descent? Lineage Membership Patrilineages What Are Matrilineages? In Their Own Words: Outside Work, Women, and Bridewealth What Are Kinship Terminologies? What Criteria Are Used for Making Kinship Distinctions? What Is Adoption? Adoption in Highland Ecuador European American Kinship and New Reproductive Technologies How Does Organ Transplantation Create New Relatives? Marriage Toward a Definition of Marriage Woman Marriage and Ghost Marriage among the Nuer Why Is Marriage a Social Process? Patterns of Residence after Marriage Single and Plural Spouses In Their Own Words: Two Cheers for Gay Marriage How Is Marriage an Economic Exchange? What Is a Family? In Their Own Words: Dowry Too High. Lose Bride and Go to Jail What Is the Nuclear Family? What Is the Polygynous Family? Extended and Joint Families In Their Own Words: Law, Custom, and Crimes against Women How Are Families Transformed over Time? Divorce and Remarriage How Does International Migration Affect the Family? Families by Choice Anthropology in Everyday Life: Caring for Infibulated Women Giving Birth in Norway In Their Own Words: Why Migrant Women Feed Their Husbands Tamales Friendship How Are Sexual Practices Organized? Ranges of Heterosexual Practices Other Sexual Practices Sexuality and Power Chapter 14: What Can Anthropology Tell Us about Social Inequality?Gender In Their Own Words: The Consequences of Being a WomanClass Caste Caste in India In Their Own Words: Burakumin: Overcoming Hidden Discrimination in Japan In Their Own Words: As Economic Turmoil Mounts, So Do Attacks on Hungary's GypsiesRace Colorism in Nicaragua In Their Own Words: On the Butt Size of Barbie and Shani: Dolls and Race in the United States Ethnicity In Their Own Words: The Politics of Ethnicity Nation and Nationalism Anthropology in Everyday Life: Anthropology and Democracy Australian Nationalism Naturalizing Discourses The Paradox of Essentialized Identities Nation Building in a Postcolonial World: The Example of Fiji Nationalism and Its DangersChapter 15: How Is Anthropology Applied in the Field of Medicine?What Is Medical Anthropology?In Their Own Words: American Premenstrual SyndromeWhat Makes Medical Anthropology "Biocultural"?How Do People with Different Cultures Understand the Causes of Sickness and Health?Kinds of SelvesDecentered Selves on the InternetSelf and SubjectivitySubjectivity, Trauma, and Structural ViolenceHow Are Human Sickness and Health Shaped by the Global Capitalist Economy?In Their Own Words: Ethical Dilemmas and DecisionsHealth, Human Reproduction, and Global CapitalismMedical Anthropology and HIV/AIDSThe Future of Medical AnthropologyChapter 16: What Can Anthropology Tell Us about Globalization?Cultural Imperialism or Cultural Hybridity?In Their Own Words: Slumdog TourismWhat is Cultural Imperialism?What is Cultural Hybridity?In Their Own Words: How Sushi Went GlobalAre There Limits to Cultural Hybridity?How Does Globalization Affect the Nation State?In Their Own Words: Cofan: Story of the Forest People and the OutsidersAre Global Flows Undermining Nation-States?Migration, Transborder Identities, and Long-Distance NationalismHow Can Citizenship Be Flexible?Are Human Rights Universal?Rights versus Culture?Rights to Culture?Are Rights Part of Culture?Anthropology in Everyday Life: Anthropology and Indigenous RightsHow Can Culture Help in Thinking about Rights?What is the Relationship Between Human Rights and Humanitarianism?Can We Be at Home in a Global World?What is Cosmopolitanism?What is Friction?What is Border Thinking?In Their Own Words: The Anthropological VoiceWhy Study Anthropology?Module 5: Background to the Global Political Economy of the Twenty-First CenturyWhat Happened to the Global Economy after the Cold War? Cultural Processes in a Global World
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