Duties across borders : advancing human rights in transnational business

著者

• Andreassen, Bård A.
• Võ, Khánh Vinh

書誌事項

Duties across borders : advancing human rights in transnational business

edited by Bård Andreassen, Võ Khánh Vinh

Intersentia, c2016

注記

Includes bibliographical references

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Human rights are intertwined with large processes of globalisation. One of these processes is the rapid world-wide growth of multinational business enterprises. This volume argues that normative and legal developments to regulate and govern the behaviour of transnational businesses represent a new frontier in the struggle for human rights. This frontier has borne witness to many victims, but there are also glimpses of hope and opportunities for expanding the respect and protection of human rights in the corporate sector at local, national, and global levelsThe volume presents essays discussing current international challenges and efforts to advance human rights duties of transnational businesses. An introductory essay provides an overview of the debate and the individual chapters discuss legal, institutional, political, and social dimensions and obstacles to advancing business enterprises social and legal commitment to human rights norms.The book is aimed at legal and development scholars, public servants, and civil society practitioners with an interest in human rights commitments of transnational businesses. It is also of use for teachers and students in human rights law, corporate social responsibility courses, and courses in global development in degree programmes, and professional training programmes.

目次

C ONT E NT S Preface ...v List of Authors ...xv List of Figures and Tables ... xxi Introduction. Business' Duties Across Borders: The New Human Rights Frontier Bard A. Andreassen andVoKhanh Vinh ...1 1. Introduction ...1 2. Human Rights and Regulation Theory ...5 3. Human Rights Law and Business: Concepts, Principles and Challenges ..8 4. Conclusion ... 19 PART I. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS Chapter 1. Business and Human Rights, or the Business of Human Rights. Critical Reflections on Emerging Themes Surya Deva ... 23 1. The Business Case for Human Rights ... 24 2. Hazards in the SRSG's Work ... 27 3. Spineless States ... 32 4. Kiobel's Encounter with an Inconvenient Truth ... 35 5. Conclusion ... 38 Chapter 2. Corporate Liability for Human Rights. Effective Remedies or Ineffective Placebos? ItaiApter ... 39 1. Introduction ... 39 2. Litigation and Guidelines - a Critical Analysis ... 41 2.1. US Litigation against Corporations ... 42 2.1.1. Victims ... 44 2.1.2. Global Corporations ... 46 2.1.3. Forum Government... 46 2.1.4. Corporations' Home States ... 48 2.2. Litigation against Corporations in Non-US Courts ... 50 2.3. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Corporations... 51 3. United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights ... 56 4. Political Inter-State Solutions - Looking into the Past to Suggest a Way Forward ... 59 5. Concluding Remarks ... 65 Chapter 3. Ensuring the Protection of the Environment from Serious Damage. Towards a Model of Shared Responsibility between International Corporations and the States Concerned? Gentian Zyberi ... 67 1. Introduction ... 67 2. Addressing Environmental Damage from Nuclear Accidents ... 71 3. Addressing Environmental Damage from Oil Pollution ... 72 4. Ensuring Responsibility for Serious Environmental Damage ... 73 4.1. The Responsibility of Transnational Corporations ... 73 4.2. Host State Responsibility ... 78 4.3. Home State Responsibility ... 83 4.4. Environmental Protection as a Matter of Shared Responsibility among the Corporation, the Host State and the Home State ... 84 5. The Complexity of Attribution of Responsibility and Adjudication of Cases of Serious Environmental Damage ... 86 6. Concluding Remarks ... 89 Chapter 4. The Business Case for Taking Human Rights Obligations Seriously Guler Aras ... 91 1. Introduction ... 91 2. The Business Drivers for CSR... 93 2.1. Investor Relations and Access to Capital ... 94 2.2. Consumers ... 100 2.3. Employee Recruitment, Retention and Productivity ... 103 2.4. The Minimisation of Legal Risk ... 104 2.5. The 'Licence to Operate' ... 105 3. Conclusions ... 106 Chapter 5. Corporate Accountability in the Field of Human Rights. On Soft Law Standards and the Use of Extraterritorial Measures Humberto Cantu Rivera ... 109 1. Introduction ... 109 2. Thinking Outside the Boundaries: Talking about Extraterritoriality ... 111 2.1. Some Comments regarding the US Supreme Court'sKiobel Opinion ... 112 2.2. Extraterritoriality in the Dutch Judicial System ... 121 3. Enhancing the Role of Soft Law: From Guidelines to Obligations? ... 125 3.1. The Classic Sources of International Law According to the ICJ Statute ... 125 3.2. A Permanent Call for 'Rethinking' the Sources of International Law: the Role of Soft Law ... 129 4. General Conclusions ... 133 Chapter 6. The Viability of the Maastricht Principles in Advancing Socio-Economic Rights in Developing Countries Ebenezer Durojaye ... 135 1. Introduction ... 135 2. Are MNCs Subject to International Human Rights Law? ... 136 3. Attempts at the National Level to Make MNCs Responsible for Human Rights Violations ... 142 4. How Relevant are the Maastricht Principles in Advancing Socio-Economic Rights? ... 146 5. Limitations of the Principles ... 151 6. Conclusion ... 152 PART II. CONTEXTUAL ISSUES Chapter 7. The Next Generation of 'Fair Trade'. A Human Rights Framework for Combating Corporate Corruption in Global Supply Chains HanaIvanhoe ... 157 1. Introduction ... 157 2. The Relationship between Corruption and Human Rights Violations .. 159 2.1. Overview of the Problem: What is the Impact of Corruption in Global Supply Chains? ... 159 2.2. Corruption in Supply Chains: Snapshots of Emerging Developments ... 160 2.3. Academic and Empirical Support for the Concept of Corruption as a Human Rights Violation ... 162 3. Duty of Multinational Corporations to Respect Human Rights in their Supply Chains ... 165 3.1. Overview of the Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework and its Application ... 166 3.2. Role of CSR and Voluntary Standards in Advancing Respect for Human Rights ... 168 4. Corporate Duty to Prevent Corruption in their Supply Chains as a Matter of their Duty to Respect Human Rights ... 172 5. Non-Judicial Enforcement of this Duty under a CSR Approach ... 173 5.1. Efficacy of a CSR Approach in Combating Corruption in Global Corporate Supply Chains ... 174 5.2. Why is a CSR Approach Beneficial? ... 176 5.3. Why is a CSR Approach to Combating Corruption Needed Given the Domestic Anti-Corruption Laws Already in Place? ... 178 6. Conclusions ... 181 Chapter 8. A Critical Analysis of Human Rights Due Diligence Frameworks for Conflict Minerals. Challenges for the Electronics Industries MihoTaka ... 183 1. Introduction ... 183 2. The Concept of Human Rights Due Diligence ... 186 3. Initiatives to Implement Human Rights Due Diligence in Mineral Supply Chains ... 188 3.1. ICGLR Regional Initiative against the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources ... 190 3.2. Conflict-Free Smelter ... 190 3.3. ITRI Tin Supply Chain Initiative ... 191 3.4. Certified Trading Chains and Analytical Fingerprint ... 192 4. Challenges of Applying Human Rights Due Diligence in Mineral Supply Chains ... 195 5. Implications of the Human Rights Due Diligence Initiatives ... 204 6. Conclusions ... 207 Chapter 9. The Pursuit of Substantive Corporate Human Rights Policies MatthewMullen ... 209 1. Introduction ... 209 2. Principle 16 in Context ... 210 3. Ensuring Substance ... 213 4. Assessing the Substance of CHRPs through HRBA Indicators ... 216 5. Conclusion: Stepping Strategically, but Assertively ... 223 PART III.SITES OF REGULATION Chapter 10. Human Rights and Business. An Assessment of the Responsibility of the State in Vietnam Nguy.n Th. Thanh H.i ... 227 1. Introduction ... 227 2. CSR and Human Rights in Vietnam: the Role of Relevant Public Institutions ... 228 3. The Gap in the Legal Framework for Corporate Human Rights Responsibility ... 234 3.1. Constitutions ... 235 3.2. National Laws on Corporate Human Rights Responsibility... 236 3.3. Corporate Civil, Administrative and Criminal Liability... 240 3.3.1. Civil Liability ... 240 3.3.2. Administrative Liability... 241 3.3.3. Corporate Criminal Liability ... 242 4. The Governance System and its Influence on Corporate Human Rights Responsibility ... 243 4.1. The Legislature: the National Assembly ... 243 4.2. The Executive... 245 4.3. The Judiciary ... 247 5. Gaps in the Political, Legislative, Executive and Judicial Institutions in Implementing Corporate Human Rights Responsibility ... 248 6. Conclusion ... 251 Chapter 11. Investment Treaties and Human Rights. Reflections from Mining in Latin America Stephanie Gervais ... 253 1. Introduction ... 253 2. Method ... 255 3. Regulatory Chill Theory ... 256 4. Case Studies ... 260 4.1. Pacific Rim Cayman LLC v. El Salvador ... 262 4.1.1. Basis for Case Selection ... 262 4.1.2. Human Rights Context ... 262 4.1.3. Domestic Policy ... 264 4.1.4. Arbitration Proceedings... 265 4.1.5. Variance of the Dependent Variable ... 266 4.2. Infinito Gold Ltd v. Costa Rica ... 267 4.2.1. Basis for Case Selection ... 267 4.2.2. Human Rights Context ... 267 4.2.3. Domestic Policy ... 268 4.2.4. Arbitration Proceedings... 271 4.2.5. Variance of the Dependent Variable ... 272 5. Analysis... 273 6. Conclusion ... 277 Chapter 12. Beyond State Duty and Corporate Responsibility. Human Rights in Industrial Zones in Vietnam Nguy.n Hong Nga ... 279 1. Introduction ... 279 2. Challenges of Human Rights Engagement in Industrial Zones inVietnam ... 281 2.1. Failure of State Duties: Limitations of the Legal System ... 281 2.2. Reluctance to Implement CSR ... 284 2.3. Legal, Political, and Social Constraints ... 286 3. The Emergence of CSOs in 'Humanising' Business in Vietnam ... 289 3.1. An Overview of CSOs Development in Vietnam ... 289 3.2. Experiences of CSOs in the Promotion of Human Rights in Industrial Zones in Vietnam ... 291 3.2.1. Centre of Development and Integration (CDI) ... 291 3.2.2. Fair Labour Association (FLA) ... 293 3.2.3. Domestic CSOs and the Vedan Case ... 295 4. Conclusion ... 297 Chapter 13. The Application of the UN 'Protect, Respect and Remedy' Framework to State-Owned Enterprises. The Case of the State Oil Company SOCAR in Azerbaijan RamuteRemezaite ... 301 1. Human Rights Due Diligence in Extractive Industries in Azerbaijan .. 302 2. The Legal and Political Context of Extractive Industries in Azerbaijan 305 3. SOCAR's Adverse Impact on Property Rights ... 309 3.1. House Demolitions, Illegal Expropriations, and Forced Evictions as a Price for Urbanisation and Further Development of Oil Industry ... 309 3.2. Case Study: Forced Evictions and House Demolitions in the Sulutepe Area ... 310 3.3. Assessment of SOCAR's Social Corporate Resposibility over the Violations and Absence of Effective Legal Remedies ... 311 4. Azerbaijan's Obligation to Secure Access to Effective Remedy for Property Rights Violations ... 315 4.1. The Need for Increased Protection of Human Rights Defenders Working on Corporate Responsibility ... 317 5. The Corporate Social Responsibility that Foreign Oil Companies Bear for SOCAR's Business-Related Human Rights Abuses in Azerbaijan ... 318 6. Conclusion ... 320 Chapter 14. The Invisible Minority. Status of the 'Differently Able' People in the Export Industries in India RituparnaMajumdar ... 323 1. Introduction ... 323 2. Indian Export Industry and Corporate Social Responsibility ... 324 3. Disability and International Human Rights ... 325 4. Methodology ... 329 5. Main Findings ... 330 6. Profile of the Respondents ... 330 7. Recruitment Policies of Companies ... 331 8. Status of Employment of PWD Employees ... 331 9. Accessibility to Work ... 332 10. Termination of PWD Employees ... 333 11. Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility and Labour Rights ... 333 12. Training and Development ... 334 13. Health and Safety ... 334 14. Case Studies ... 335 14.1. Worker A, Female, Age 30 Years: Checking Department, Garment Manufacturing Unit ... 335 14.2. Worker B, Transsexual, Age 32 Years: Machining Department, Shoe Manufacturing Unit ... 336 14.3. Company Owner A, Male, Age 55 Years, Owns Garment Manufacturing Company in Delhi ... 336 14.4. Company Owner B, Male, Age 40 Years, Heads Automobile Company in Gurgaon ... 337 14.5. Company Owner B, Female, Age 73 Years, Heads Garment Manufacturing Unit in Noida ... 338 15. Discussion ... 339 16. Recommendations ... 340

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BB25363195
• ISBN:
  • 9781780683768
• LCCN: 2016296976
• 出版国コード: uk
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Cambridge
• ページ数/冊数: xxi, 341 p.
• 大きさ: 24 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : K3240
  • DC23 : 658.408
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Human rights -- Economic aspects
  • LCSH : Social responsibility of business
  • LCSH : Corporate governance -- Social aspects
  • LCSH : International business enterprises -- Social aspects