Encyclopedia of American civil rights and liberties

著者

書誌事項

Encyclopedia of American civil rights and liberties

Kara E. Stooksbury, John M. Scheb II, and Otis H. Stephens, Jr., editors

ABC-CLIO, c2017

Rev. and expanded ed

  • : set
  • v. 1
  • v. 2
  • v. 3
  • v. 4

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注記

Vol. 1: A-E -- v. 2: F-M -- v. 3: N-S -- v. 4: T-Z and primary documents

Includes bibliographical references (p. 1221-1229) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Thoroughly updated and featuring 75 new entries, this monumental four-volume work illuminates past and present events associated with civil rights and civil liberties in the United States. This revised and expanded four-volume encyclopedia is unequaled for both the depth and breadth of its coverage. Some 650 entries address the full range of civil rights and liberties in America from the Colonial Era to the present. In addition to many updates of material from the first edition, the work offers 75 new entries about recent issues and events; among them, dozens of topics that are the subject of close scrutiny and heated debate in America today. There is coverage of controversial issues such as voter ID laws, the use of drones, transgender issues, immigration, human rights, and government surveillance. There is also expanded coverage of women's rights, gay rights/gay marriage, and Native American rights. Entries are enhanced by 42 primary documents that have shaped modern understanding of the extent and limitations of civil liberties in the United States, including landmark statutes, speeches, essays, court decisions, and founding documents of influential civil rights organizations. Designed as an up-to-date reference for students, scholars, and others interested in the expansive array of topics covered, the work will broaden readers' understanding of-and appreciation for-the people and events that secured civil rights guarantees and concepts in this country. At the same time, it will help readers better grasp the reasoning behind and ramifications of 21st-century developments like changing applications of Miranda Rights and government access to private Internet data. Maintaining an impartial stance throughout, the entries objectively explain the varied perspectives on these hot-button issues, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions.

目次

Preface, Acknowledgments, Guide to Related Topics, Volume 1 Abington School District v. Schempp (1963) Abolitionist Movement, Abortion, Public Funding of, Abortion, Right to, Academic Freedom, Accused, Rights of the, Administrative Searches, Adoption, Adversary System of Justice, Affirmative Action, Affordable Care Act, Age Discrimination, Alden v. Maine (1999), Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), Alito, Samuel (1950-), American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), American Bar Association (ABA), American Booksellers Association v. Hudnut (1985), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), American Indian Movement (AIM), American Nazi Party, Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Animal Rights, Anthony, Susan B. (1820-1906), Anti-Defamation League (ADL), Antismoking Legislation, Antivaccination Movement, Appeal, Right of, Appeal of Right, "Areopagitica" (1644), Aristotle (384-322 BCE), Arizona v. United States (2012), Arms, Right to Keep and Bear, Arraignment, Arrest, Constitutional Limits on, Articles of Confederation, Assembly, Freedom of, Assize of Clarendon (1166), Association, Freedom of, Asylum, Right to, At-Large Elections, Automobile Stops and Searches, Bad Tendency Test, Bail, Right to, Baker Motley, Constance (1921-2005), Baker v. Carr (1962), Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty (BJC), Barron v. Baltimore (1833), Bench Trial, Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832), Bifurcated Trial, Bilingual Education, Bill of Rights (American) (1789), Bill of Rights (English) (1689), Bill of Rights, Incorporation of, Bills of Attainder, Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics (1971), Black, Hugo L. (1886-1971), Black Codes, Black Lives Matter (BLM), Black Power, Blackmun, Harry A. (1908-1999), Blackstone, William (1723-1780), Bob Jones University v. United States (1983), Bond, Julian (1940-2015), Border Patrol, Border Searches, Bork, Robert H. (1927-2012), Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000), Boycotts, Brandeis, Louis D. (1856-1941), Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), Brennan, William J., Jr. (1906-1997), Breyer, Stephen G. (1938-), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954, 1955), Bruce, Lenny (1925-1966), Burger, Warren E. (1907-1995), Burger Court (1969-1986), Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (2014), Bush v. Gore (2000), Busing Controversy, Campaign Finance Reform, Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940), Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co. (2009), Carlin, George (1937-2008), Castle Doctrine, Catholicism and Anti-Catholicism, Center for Individual Rights (CIR), Challenges for Cause, Cherokee Cases, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago (1897), The Chicago Seven, Child Pornography, Child Shield Statutes, Christian Legal Society v. Martinez (2010), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), Citizenship, Civil Disobedience, Civil Rights, Civil Rights, Office for (OCR), Civil Rights Act of 1866, Civil Rights Act of 1870, Civil Rights Act of 1871, Civil Rights Act of 1875, Civil Rights Act of 1957, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Civil Rights Act of 1988, Civil Rights Cases (1883), Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1991, Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, Clark, Tom C. (1899-1977), Class Action Suits, Clear and Present Danger Doctrine, Clear and Probable Danger Doctrine, Clemency, Executive, Cohen v. California (1971), Commercial Speech, Common Cause, Common-Law Background of American Civil Rights and Liberties, Communist Party USA, Community Control, Compassion and Choices, Compulsory Process, Concerned Women for America (CWA), Confrontation, Right of, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues (CCWI), Conscience, Freedom of, Conscientious Objection to Military Service, Conscription, Military, Consent Searches, Conservatism, Conspiracy, Consumer Discrimination, Contempt, Power of, Continuance, Motion for, Contracts Clause, Cooper v. Aaron (1958), Corporal Punishment, Corporate Rights, Counsel, Ineffective Assistance of, Counsel, Right to, Counterculture, Courts-Martial, Crime Victims, Rights of, Criminal Confinement, Conditions of, Criminal Syndicalism, Critical Pretrial Stages, Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, Curfews, Death Penalty, Crimes Punishable by the, Death Penalty and Mental Incompetence, Death Penalty and Racial Discrimination, Death Penalty and the Supreme Court, Death Penalty for Juveniles, Death-Qualified Juries, Debs, Eugene Victor (1855-1926), Declaration of Independence (1776), Defamation, Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) (1996), Democracy, Constitutional, Democracy, Representative, Die, Right to, Disabilities, Rights of Persons with, Discovery, Pretrial, Discrimination, Discrimination by Private Actors, District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), Diversity, Dogs, Use of by Police, Double Jeopardy, Prohibition of, Douglas, William O. (1898-1980), Douglass, Frederick (1818-1895), Draft Cards, Burning of, Dred Scott Case (1857), Drones, Drug Courier Profiles, Drug Courts, Drug Testing, Drugs, Private Use of, Drugs, War on, Du Bois, W. E. B. (1868-1963), Due Process, Procedural, Due Process, Substantive, Due Process Clauses, Due Process Rights of Government Beneficiaries, DUI Field Tests and Breath Tests, Duncan v. Louisiana (1968), Dworkin, Andrea (1946-2005), Dworkin, Ronald (1931-2013), Economic Freedom, Edwards v. South Carolina (1963), Eighth Amendment (1791), Electronic Surveillance, Eleventh Amendment (1798), Elk v. Wilkins (1884), Emancipation Proclamation (1863), Emergency Searches, Employment Discrimination, Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith (1990), Entrapment Defense, Environmental Justice, Environmental Racism, Epperson v. Arkansas (1968), Equal Access to Justice Act, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Equal Pay Act, Equal Protection Clause, Equal Protection Jurisprudence, Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), Equality, Equity, Espionage Act of 1917, Establishment Clause, Evers, Medgar (1925-1963), Everson v. Board of Education (1947), Evolution/Creationism Controversy, Ex Post Facto Laws, Excessive Bail, Prohibition of, Excessive Fines, Prohibition of, Exculpatory Evidence, Disclosure of, Execution, Methods of, Executive Orders, Extradition, International, Extradition, Interstate, Volume 2 Fair Housing Act (1968), FCC v. Pacifica Foundation (1978), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Federalism and Civil Rights and Liberties, Federalist Papers (1788), Feminist Movement, Fifteenth Amendment (1870), Fifth Amendment (1791), Fighting Words Doctrine, First Amendment (1791), First Amendment, Approaches to, Flag Burning, Flag Salute Controversy, Force, Use of by Law Enforcement, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), Forfeiture, Asset, Fourteenth Amendment (1868), Fourth Amendment (1791), Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule, Frank, Leo (1884-1915), Frankfurter, Felix (1882-1965), Free and Fair Elections, Free Exercise Clause, Free Marketplace of Ideas, Free Press/Fair Trial Problem, Free Speech Movement, Freedom from Religion Foundation, Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE), Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Freedom Rides, Freedom Summer (1964), Friedan, Betty (1921-2006), Frontiero v. Richardson (1973), Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine, Full Faith and Credit Clause, Fundamental Rights, Furman v. Georgia (1972), Gag Orders, Gault, In Re (1967), Gay Rights Movement, Gender-Based Discrimination, Gerrymandering, Racial, Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Ginsburg, Ruth Bader (1933-), Gitlow v. New York (1925), Goldberg, Arthur (1908-1990), Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal (2006), Gonzales v. Oregon (2006), Gonzales v. Raich (2005), Good Faith Exception, Graham v. Florida (2010), Grand Jury, Grandfather Clause, Gregg v. Georgia (1976), Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), Group Rights, Guantanamo Bay Detention Facility, Habeas Corpus, Habeas Corpus, Federal, Habitual Offender Laws, Hamilton v. Regents of the University of California (1934), Hand, Learned (1872-1961), Harlan, John Marshall (1833-1911), Harmless Error, Doctrine of, Hart, H. L. A. (1907-1992), Hatch Act (1939), Hate Crimes, Hate Speech, Hearing, Elements of a, Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964), Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679), Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr. (1841-1935), Homeland Security, Department of (DHS), Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2012), Hot Pursuit, Doctrine of, House Arrest, House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), Housing, Discrimination in, Human Rights Watch (HRW), Human Trafficking, Hung Jury, Hustler Magazine v. Falwell (1988), Immigrant Children, Rights of, Immigrants and Aliens, Rights of, Immunity, Judicial, Immunity from Criminal Prosecution, Impeachment of Witnesses, Implied Consent Statutes, In Loco Parentis, Inchoate Offenses, Indictment, Individual Rights, Individualism, Informants, Anonymous and Confidential, Initial Appearance in Criminal Cases, Insanity Defense, Interest Groups, Internal Revenue Service (IRS), International Law, Internet, Access to, Internet, Free Speech on, Interpretivism, Interracial Marriage, Interrogation and Confessions, Inventory Searches, Jackson, Jesse (1941-), Jackson, Robert H. (1892-1954), Japanese Americans, Relocation of, Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826), Jehovah's Witnesses, Jencks Act (1957), Jim Crow Laws, John Birch Society, Johnson v. Eisentrager (1950), Judicial Activism, Judicial Restraint, Jury, Trial by, Just Compensation Clause, Justice, United States Department of (DOJ), Juvenile Justice, Kagan, Elena (1960-), Katz v. United States (1967), Katzenbach v. McClung (1964), Kelo v. City of New London (2005), Kennedy, Anthony (1936-), Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798), King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968), Knock-and-Announce Rule, Korematsu v. United States (1944), Ku Klux Klan (KKK), Latino Americans, Civil Rights of, Lawrence v. Texas (2003), Legislative Investigations, Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971), Lewis, John (1940-), Liberalism, Libertarianism, Liberty, Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009), Lincoln, Abraham (1809-1865), Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858), Literacy Tests, Little Rock Crisis (1957), Living Constitution, Living Will, Lochner v. New York (1905), Locke, John (1632-1704), Loving v. Virginia (1967), Machiavelli, Niccolo (1469-1527), Madison, James (1751-1836), Magna Carta (1215), Malcolm X (1925-1965), Manning, Chelsea (1987-), Mapp v. Ohio (1961), Marijuana Legalization, Marriage, Rights Pertaining to, Marriage Equality, Marshall, John (1755-1835), Marshall, Thurgood (1908-1993), Massachusetts Body of Liberties (1641), McCardle, Ex Parte (1869), McCarthy, Joseph R. (1908-1957), McDonald v. Chicago (2010), Medical Marijuana, Medical Treatment, Right to Refuse, Megan's Law, "Memorial and Remonstrance" (1785), Meredith, James (1933-), Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB), Meyer v. Nebraska (1923), Military Service, Civil Rights and Liberties in, Military Service and Religious Liberty, Military Tribunals, Milk, Harvey (1930-1978), Miller v. California (1973), Milligan, Ex Parte (1866), Miranda v. Arizona (1966), Miranda v. Arizona, Exceptions to, Moment of Silence Laws, Morse v. Frederick (2007), Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), Volume 3 Nation of Islam (NOI), National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama (1958), National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012), National Organization for Women (NOW), National Right to Life Committee (NRLC), National Security Agency (NSA), Native American Church, Native Americans, Civil Rights of, Natural Law and Natural Rights, Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson (1931), Net Neutrality, The New Deal, New Judicial Federalism, New Property, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), Ninth Amendment (1791), Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), Obscenity and Pornography, Occupy Wall Street Movement (OWS), O'Connor, Sandra Day (1930-), Open Fields Doctrine, Operation Rescue (OR), Original Intent, Doctrine of, Overbreadth, Doctrine of, Paine, Thomas (1737-1809), Palko v. Connecticut (1937), Parens Patriae, Doctrine of, Parental Rights, Parks, Rosa (1913-2005), Pentagon Papers Case (New York Times v. United States) (1971), People for the American Way (PFAW), People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), Peremptory Challenges to Prospective Jurors, Petition, Right of, Picketing, Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925), Plain View Doctrine, Planned Parenthood, Plato (ca. 427-347 BCE), Plea Bargaining, Pleas in Criminal Cases, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), Pluralism, Poe v. Ullman (1961), Police Identification Procedures and Forensic Methods, Police Power, Poll Tax, Polygraph Testing, Post-Conviction Relief, Powell, Lewis F., Jr. (1907-1998), Powell v. Alabama (1932), Precedent, Doctrine of, Preferred Freedoms Doctrine, Pregnancy Discrimination, Preliminary Hearing, Presentence Investigation Reports (PSIR), Press, Freedom of the, Presumption of Innocence, Pretrial Detention, Prior Restraint, Doctrine of, Prisoners' Rights, Privacy, Constitutional Right of, Privacy, Informational, Privacy, Invasion of, Privacy, Reasonable Expectations of, Privacy Act (1974), Privilege/Right Distinction, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Probable Cause, Probation and Parole, Pro-Choice Position on Abortion, Profanity, Prohibition (1917-1933), Pro-Life Movement, Pro-Life Position on Abortion, Property Rights, Public Accommodation, Places of, Public Education, Right to, Public Employees, Constitutional Rights of, Public Forum, Public Nudity, Public Schools, Searches and Seizures in, Public Trial, Right to a, Public Use Clause, Punitive Damages, Quakers, Qualified Immunity, Quirin, Ex Parte (1942), Racial Profiling, Racketeering and RICO Laws, Radical Republicans, Rational Basis Test, Rawls, John (1921-2002), Reapportionment, Reasonable Doubt Standard, Reconstruction (1865-1877), Rehnquist, William H. (1924-2005), Rehnquist Court (1986-2005), Religion, Freedom of, Religion, Official Endorsements of, Religious Displays on Public Property, Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), Religious Right, Religious Schools, Government Aid to, Religious Tests, Prohibition of, Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union (1997), Reparations for Slavery, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (RCFP), Reproductive Freedom, Restitution, Restrictive Covenants, Retribution, Reynolds v. Sims (1964), Reynolds v. United States (1878), Right-to-Work Laws, Roadblocks and Sobriety Checkpoints, Roberts, John G., Jr. (1955-), Roberts Court (2005-), Robinson v. California (1962), Rodney King Incident (1991), Roe v. Wade (1973), Romer v. Evans (1996), Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884-1962), Roosevelt, Franklin D. (1882-1945), Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778), Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc. (2006), Scalia, Antonin (1936-2016), School Choice Programs, School Prayer Decisions, Search Incident to Lawful Arrest, Search Warrants, Seat Belt Laws, Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1983 Actions, Sedition, Segregation, De Facto and De Jure, Segregation in Public Education, Selective Prosecution, Self-Incrimination Clause, Self-Representation, Selma March (1965), Seneca Falls Declaration (1848), Sentencing, Definite and Determinate, Sentencing, Eighth Amendment and, Sentencing, Indefinite and Indeterminate, Sentencing, Proportionality in, Sentencing Guidelines, Sentencing Hearing, Separation of Church and State, Seventh Amendment (1791), Seventh-Day Adventists (SDAs), Sex Offenders, Rights of, Sexual Harassment, Sexual Orientation, Discrimination Based on, Sharia Law Bans, Sharpton, Reverend Alfred Charles (1954-), Shelby County v. Holder (2013), Shelley v. Kraemer (1948), Sit-Ins, Sixth Amendment (1791), Slaughterhouse Cases (1873), Slavery, Smith Act (1940), Smith v. Maryland (1979), Snake Handling, Snowden, Edward (1983-), Snyder v. Phelps (2011), Socrates (470-399 BCE), SOPA and PIPA, Sotomayor, Sonia (1954-), Souter, David H. (1939-), South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966), Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), Sovereign Immunity, Speech, Freedom of, Speech Codes, Speech/Conduct Distinction, Speedy Trial, Right to, Stand Your Ground (SYG) Laws, Standing to Sue, Stanton, Elizabeth Cady (1815-1902), Star Chamber, State Action Doctrine, State Religious Freedom Laws, States' Rights, Doctrine of, Steinem, Gloria (1934-), Sterilization, Compulsory, Stevens, John Paul (1920-), Stewart, Potter (1915-1985), Stone, Harlan Fiske (1872-1946), Stop and Frisk, Story, Joseph (1779-1845), Strict Scrutiny, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Student Press Law Center, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), Substituted Judgment, Doctrine of, Suicide, Doctor-Assisted, Sunday Closing Laws, Surrogate Motherhood, Surveillance, Government, Symbolic Speech, Volume 4 Taft, William Howard (1857-1930), Taney, Roger B. (1777-1864), Tax Exemptions for Religious Organizations, Ten Commandments, Public Display of the, Tenth Amendment (1791), Term Limits, Terrorism, War on, Texas v. Johnson (1989), Third Amendment (1791), Thirteenth Amendment (1865), Thomas, Clarence (1948-), Thoreau, Henry David (1817-1862), Three Strikes Laws, Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions, Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Transgender Issues, Travel, Right to, Treason, Constitutional Limits on, Trial De Novo, Truth, Sojourner (1797-1883), Truth in Sentencing (TIS), Twenty-Fourth Amendment (1964), Tyranny of the Majority, Unconstitutional as Applied, Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), Unitarian Universalism, United States Attorney General (AG), United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), United States Constitution (1787), United States Courts of Appeals, United States District Courts, United States Marshals Service, United States Solicitor General, United States v. American Library Association (2003), United States v. Carolene Products (Footnote 4) (1938), United States v. Lopez (1995), United States v. Virginia (1996), United States v. Windsor (2013), Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Universal Suffrage, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, USA PATRIOT Act (2001), Vagrancy and Loitering, Vagueness Doctrine, Venue, Change of, Victim Impact Evidence in Death Penalty Cases, Vinson, Fred M. (1890-1953), Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), Vote, Right to, Voter Identification Laws, Voting Age, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Waite, Morrison Remick (1816-1888), Warrantless Searches, Warren, Earl (1891-1974), Warren Court (1953-1969), Wartime, Civil Rights and Liberties during, Washington, Booker T. (1856-1915), Watkins v. United States (1957), West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943), Westboro Baptist Church, White Primary, WikiLeaks, Wilberforce, William (1759-1833), William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (TVPRA 2008), Williams, Roger (1603-1683), Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972), Women's Suffrage, Writs of Assistance and General Warrants, Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886), Zenger, John Peter (1697-1746), Zoning, Primary Documents, Documents Assize of Clarendon (1166), Magna Carta (1215), Mayflower Compact (1620), Petition of Right (1628), Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639), "A Plea for Religious Liberty" (Roger Williams, 1644), "On Liberty" (John Winthrop, 1645), Habeas Corpus Act (1679), Bill of Rights (English, 1689), "Second Treatise of Government" (John Locke, 1690), "Against the Writs of Assistance" (James Otis, 1761), "Memorial and Remonstrance" (James Madison, 1785), Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786), Constitution of the United States of America (1787), Northwest Ordinance (1787), Federalist Papers (Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, 1787 and 1788), Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New York (1788), Judiciary Act of 1789, Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1798), First Inaugural Address (Thomas Jefferson, 1801), "Letter to the Danbury Baptist Association" (Thomas Jefferson, 1802), Bank of the United States Recharter: President Andrew Jackson's Veto Message (1832), Declaration of Abolitionist Sentiments (1833), Seneca Falls Declaration (Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1848), "Civil Disobedience" (Henry David Thoreau, 1849), Georgia Resolution of Secession from the Union (1861), First Inaugural Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1861), Emancipation Proclamation (Abraham Lincoln, 1863), Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863), "The Right to Privacy" (Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis, 1890), "Fireside Chat" (Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937), "The Four Freedoms" (Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1941), Executive Order 9066 (Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1942), Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Address to the Houston Ministerial Association (John F. Kennedy, 1960), "Letter from Birmingham Jail" (Martin Luther King Jr., 1963), National Organization for Women (NOW) Bill of Rights (1968), Religious Freedom Restoration Act (1993), Selma March 50th Anniversary Address (Barack Obama, 2015), Table of Cases, Bibliography, Editors and Contributors, Index,

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