Thermoacoustics : a unifying perspective for some engines and refrigerators
著者
書誌事項
Thermoacoustics : a unifying perspective for some engines and refrigerators
ASA Press , Springer International, c2017
2nd. ed
大学図書館所蔵 全5件
注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 309-315) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This updated new edition provides an introduction to the field of thermoacoustics. All of the key aspects of the topic are introduced, with the goal of helping the reader to acquire both an intuitive understanding and the ability to design hardware, build it, and assess its performance. Weaving together intuition, mathematics, and experimental results, this text equips readers with the tools to bridge the fields of thermodynamics and acoustics. At the same time, it remains firmly grounded in experimental results, basing its discussions on the distillation of a body of experiments spanning several decades and countries.
The book begins with detailed treatment of the fundamental physical laws that underlie thermoacoustics. It then goes on to discuss key concepts, including simple oscillations, waves, power, and efficiency. The remaining portions of the book delve into more advanced topics and address practical concerns in applications chapters on hardware and
measurements. With its careful progression and end-of-chapter exercises, this book will appeal to graduate students in physics and engineering as well as researchers and practitioners in either acoustics or thermodynamics looking to explore the possibilities of thermoacoustics. This revised and expanded second edition has been updated with an eye to modern technology, including computer animations and DeltaEC examples.
目次
Preface vList of symbols viii1 Introduction 11.1 Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Length scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 Overview and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3.1 Standing-wave heat engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3.2 Standing-wave refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.3.3 Orifice pulse-tube refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.3.4 Thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine . . . . . . . . . . 221.4 Thermoacoustics and conventional technology . . . . . . . . . 251.5 Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Background 302.1 Laws of thermodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.1.1 The first law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.1.2 The second law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.2 Laws of fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.2.1 Continuity (mass) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.2.2 Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.2.3 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.2.4 Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.3 Ideal gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.3.1 Thermodynamic properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.3.2 Transport properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.3.3 Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.3.4 Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.4 Some consequences of the laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.4.1 Carnot's eficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.4.2 Maxwell relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 Simple oscillations 553.1 The harmonic oscillator and complex notation . . . . . . . . . 553.2 Acoustic approximations to the laws of gases . . . . . . . . . 593.3 Some simple oscillations in gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643.3.1 The gas spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643.3.2 Simple sound waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663.4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 Waves 724.1 Lossless acoustics and ideal resonators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724.2 Viscous and thermal effects in large channels . . . . . . . . . 794.2.1 Viscous resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.2.2 Thermal-relaxation conductance . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.3 Inviscid boundary-layer thermoacoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.4 General thermoacoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924.4.1 The math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924.4.2 The ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095 Power 1125.1 Acoustic power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135.1.1 Acoustic power dissipation with dTm/dx = 0 . . . . . 1165.1.2 Acoustic power with zero viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . 1195.2 Total power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255.2.1 Traveling waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315.2.2 Standing waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325.3 Some calculation methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1406 Efficiency . . . 1446.1 Lost work and entropy generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1456.2 Exergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566.4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607 Beyond Rott's thermoacoustics 1647.1 Tortuous porous media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1677.2 Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1707.2.1 Minor losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1777.3 Entrance effects and joining conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1827.3.1 Entrance effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1827.3.2 Joining conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1837.4 Mass streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907.4.1 Gedeon streaming ("dc flow") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1937.4.2 Rayleigh streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1977.4.3 Jet-driven streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2027.4.4 Streaming within a regenerator or stack . . . . . . . . 2047.4.5 Deliberate streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2057.5 Harmonics and shocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2127.6 Dimensionless groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2167.6.1 Insight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2177.6.2 Empirical correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2187.6.3 Scale models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2197.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2208 Hardware . . . . . 2238.1 Prelude: the gas itself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2238.2 Stacks and regenerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2248.2.1 Standing wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2258.2.2 Traveling wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2318.3 Heat exchangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2338.3.1 Common arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2338.3.2 Thermoacoustic choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2348.4 Thermal buffer tubes, pulse tubes, and flow straighteners . . 2388.5 Resonators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398.5.1 Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398.5.2 Size, weight, and pressure-vessel safety . . . . . . . . . 2418.5.3 Harmonic suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2428.6 Electroacoustic power transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2438.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2489 Measurements . . . 2529.1 Easy measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2529.1.1 Pressures and frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2539.1.2 Mean temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2559.2 Power measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2569.2.1 Acoustic power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2569.2.2 Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2609.3 Difficult measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2629.4 Points of view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2639.4.1 Natural dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2649.4.2 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2669.4.3 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2689.4.4 A thermoacoustic perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2719.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281A Common pitfalls 285B DeltaEC files . . . 287B.1 Standing-wave engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287B.2 Standing-wave refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290B.3 Orifice pulse-tube refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292B.4 Thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Bibliography . . . 302Author index . . . 313Subject index . . . 316
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