Introduction to dynamics of structures and earthquake engineering

著者

• Cimellaro, Gian Paolo
• Marasco, Sebastiano

書誌事項

Introduction to dynamics of structures and earthquake engineering

Gian Paolo Cimellaro, Sebastiano Marasco

（Geotechnical, geological and earthquake engineering, vol. 45）

Springer, c2018

注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

This work is an elementary but comprehensive textbook which provides the latest updates in the fields of Earthquake Engineering, Dynamics of Structures, Seismology and Seismic Design, introducing relevant new topics to the fields such as the Neodeterministic method. Its main purpose is to illustrate the application of energy methods and the analysis in the frequency domain with the corresponding visualization in the Gauss-Argant plan. However, emphasis is also given to the applications of numerical methods for the solution of the equation of motion and to the ground motion selection to be used in time history analysis of structures. As supplementary materials, this book provides "OPENSIGNAL", a rare and unique software for ground motion selection and processing that can be used by professionals to select the correct earthquake records that would run in the nonlinear analysis. The book contains clear illustrations and figures to describe the subject in an intuitive way. It uses simple language and terminology and the math is limited only to cases where it is essential to understand the physical meaning of the system. Therefore, it is suitable also for those readers who approach these subjects for the first time and who only have a basic understanding of mathematics (linear algebra) and static analysis of structures.

目次

Part I Dynamics of Structures1 Introduction 1.1 Idealization of the structures1.2 Degrees of freedom 1.3 Stiffness 1.4 Mass 1.5 Damping 1.6 Equations of motion 1.6.1 Free vibrations 1.6.2 External excitations 2 SDOF Systems 2.1 Linear SDOF Systems2.1.1 Free vibrations 2.2 Response to harmonic excitations 2.2.1 Undamped systems2.2.2 Viscously damped systems 2.3 Response to an impulsive excitation 2.4 Response to a periodic excitation 2.5 Earthquake response2.6 Transmissibility function 2.7 Nonlinear system response 3 Methods of solution of the equation of motion 3.1 Analytical methods3.2 Duhamel's integral 3.3 Fourier series3.4 Numerical methods3.4.1 Explicit methods 3.4.2 Implicit methods xiiixiv Contents3.4.3 Comparison between the different numerical methods3.4.4 Numerical methods for nonlinear problems 4 MDOF systems4.1 Discretization 4.2 Shear Type and Bending Type Frames4.3 Mass, Stiffness and Damping Matrix 4.3.1 Bending Type Frames4.3.2 Shear Type Frames4.4 Reduction of DOFs 4.5 Modal Analysis 4.5.1 Vibrational Modes Response4.5.2 Modal Expansion Of Displacements 4.5.3 Energetic Considerations4.6 Free Vibrations 4.6.1 Undamped Systems 4.6.2 Damped Systems 4.7 Response to Harmonic Excitation4.7.1 Undamped Systems4.7.2 Viscously Damped Systems 4.8 Earthquake response 4.8.1 Numerical example4.9 3D MDOF multistory buildings 5 Energy dissipation 5.1 Damping energy5.2 Plastic energy6 Damping on structures 7 Distributed mass and elasticity systems7.1 Vibrational Modes Analysis 7.2 Vibrational Modes Analysis of Forced Systems8 Generalized SDOF systems 8.1 Lagrangian approach8.2 Approximated solution8.2.1 Example 1: system with distributed mass and elasticity8.2.2 Example 2: system with distributed elasticity and lumpedmass 8.2.3 Example 3: general systems Part II Introduction to Earthquake EngineeringContents xv9 Seismology and Earthquakes 9.1 Basic concepts of seismology9.1.1 Earthquake Genesis 9.1.2 Seismological Parameters 9.1.3 Waves Propagation 9.1.4 Attenuation Relationship9.2 Ground motion parameters 9.2.1 Peak Parameters 9.2.2 Frequency and energetic content 9.2.3 Duration9.2.4 Other parameters 10 Major seismic events that occurred in Italy and in the world 10.1 Introduction10.2 Earthquakes occurred in Italy in the past 150 years10.3 Earthquakes occurred in the World from 1960 to the present day11 Seismic Hazard Analysis11.1 Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA) 11.2 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA)12 Earthquake prediction12.1 General aspects 12.2 Prediction methods12.2.1 Animal behavior 12.2.2 Changes in VP/VS12.2.3 Radon emission 12.2.4 Electromagnetic variations12.2.5 Precursory seismicity patterns 12.3 Earthquake prediction and time-dependent seismic hazard scenarios12.3.1 Algorithms for intermediate-term middle range earthquakeprediction12.3.2 Neo-deterministic time-dependent seismic hazardscenarios for the Italian territory 12.4 Notable predictions 12.4.1 Haicheng (China, 1975) 12.4.2 Parkfield (USA, 1985-1993) 12.4.3 Loma Prieta (USA, 1989)12.4.4 L'Aquila (Italy, 2009) 13 Seismic Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28513.1 Brief History of Italian Seismic Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28513.2 Elastic Response Spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28713.3 Uniform Hazard Spectrum (UHS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28913.4 Design Response Spectrum (DS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29113.4.1 Design Response spectrum according to NTC08 and EC8 . . 292xvi Contents13.4.2 Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30013.5 Use of Acceleration time histories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30213.5.1 Ground Motion Selection and Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30413.5.2 Available Databases for Signal Processing and GroundMotion Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30814 Opensignal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31114.1 State of Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31114.2 Structure of the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31314.3 Strong Motion Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31314.4 Signal Processing and Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31414.4.1 Response Spectra Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31514.5 Seismic Records Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31614.6 Approximated Site Response Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31814.7 Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32115 Methods of analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32915.1 Linear Static Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33115.2 Linear Dynamic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33315.3 Nonlinear Static Analysis - Pushover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33415.3.1 Capacity spectrum analysis method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33915.3.2 N2 method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34115.4 Direct displacement-based seismic design procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34315.5 Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346Part III Seismic Design of Buildings16 Brief introduction to SAP2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34916.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34916.1.1 Files Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34916.1.2 Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34916.1.3 Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35016.1.4 Materials and Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35116.1.5 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35116.1.6 Restrains and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35216.2 Analysis Methods in SAP2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35316.2.1 Linear Static Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35416.2.2 Linear Dynamic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35617 Modeling of Structures in Seismic Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35717.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35717.2 Shear-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35717.3 Bending-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35917.4 Seismic Isolated Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36017.4.1 Seismic Isolated Structures in SAP2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36317.5 Shear walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364Contents xvii17.5.1 Shear Walls in SAP2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36818 Seismic modeling of infill walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37118.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371<18.2 Influential Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37118.2.1 Strength of the Masonry Infill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37118.2.2 Characteristics of the Reinforced Concrete Frame . . . . . . . . . 37218.2.3 Relative Stiffness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37218.2.4 Gaps between Infills and Surrounding Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37218.2.5 Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37318.3 Mechanisms of failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37318.3.1 Failure modes of infills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37318.3.2 Failure modes of surrounding reinforced concrete frames . . . 37718.4 Existing Analytical Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37818.4.1 Stiffness methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37918.4.2 Strength methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38618.5 Mechanisms of crisis in plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39118.5.1 Breakage caused by combined compressive and bendingstress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39218.5.2 Breakage of the wall caused by shear with diagonal . . . . . . . 39418.5.3 Breakage of the wall caused by shear with diagonal . . . . . . . 39518.6 Mechanisms of crisis out of plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39518.6.1 Simple overturning on a one-story monolithic wall . . . . . . . . 39618.6.2 Simple overturning on a one-story double courtain wall . . . . 39818.6.3 Composite overturning of a diagonal wedge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39818.6.4 Composite Overturning mechanism of the cantonal . . . . . . . . 40018.6.5 Vertical flexure on a one-story monolithic wall . . . . . . . . . . . . 40218.6.6 Vertical Flexure on a one-story double courtain wall . . . . . . . 40418.6.7 Horizontal Flexure on a non-confined monolithic wall . . . . . 40518.6.8 Horizontal Flexure on a confined monolithic wall . . . . . . . . . 40819 Capacity Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41119.1 Design of beams for bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41219.2 Design of beams for shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41219.3 Design of columns in bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41319.4 Design of columns in shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41419.5 Beam-column joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41520 Passive energy dissipating systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41920.1 Balance equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42020.2 Types of Passive Energy Dissipating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42320.2.1 Displacement-activated dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42320.2.2 Viscous and viscoelastic dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43620.3 Mechanical model of dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43920.4 Characteristics of the braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440xviii Contents20.5 Seismic behavior of a passive brace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44120.6 Seismic Design of damping systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44220.7 Geometric amplification of dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44621 Tuned-Mass Dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44921.1 Undamped TMD under harmonic loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44921.2 Undamped TMD under harmonic base motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45321.3 Damped TMD under harmonic loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45521.4 Active TMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45921.5 Analysis of a multi-degree of freedom structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46021.6 Design considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46321.7 Application of TMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46321.8 Application of ATMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46422 Base Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46722.1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46922.1.1 First isolator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47022.2 Theory of linear seismically isolation systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47022.3 Seismic isolation systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47922.3.1 High-damping rubber bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48022.3.2 Low-damping natural and synthetic rubber bearing . . . . . . . . 48322.3.3 Lead rubber bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48422.3.4 Friction pendulum system (FPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48622.3.5 Spring-type system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48822.3.6 Rocking system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48822.4 Installation of isolated buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48822.4.1 Mid-story base isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48922.5 Designing a seismically isolated building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49122.5.1 Design guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49323 Masonry structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50123.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50123.2 Types of masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50123.3 Collapse mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50823.3.1 Out of plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51023.3.2 In plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51323.4 Kinematic equilibrium method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51423.4.1 Example 1: simple overturning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51423.4.2 Example 2: design of a reinforcing tie system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51923.5 Retrofit interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52123.5.1 Traditional retrofit interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52123.5.2 Modern retrofit interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52123.5.3 Classification of interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522Contents xixA Fundamentals of Probability and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541A.1 Important Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541A.2 The Venn diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542A.3 Mathematics of probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542A.4 Conditional Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543A.5 The Theorem of Total Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543A.6 Probability Distribution of a Random Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544A.7 Useful probability distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545A.8 Multiple Random Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547A.9 The Conditional and Marginal Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

「Nielsen BookData」 より

詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BB25970212
• ISBN:
  • 9783319725406
• LCCN: 2017963746
• 出版国コード: sz
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Cham
• ページ数/冊数: xxiii, 598 p.
• 大きさ: 25 cm
• 親書誌ID:
  • BA68022803