The enlightenment on trial : ordinary litigants and colonialism in the Spanish empire

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書誌事項

The enlightenment on trial : ordinary litigants and colonialism in the Spanish empire

Bianca Premo

Oxford University Press, c2017

  • : pbk

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. 319-344) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

This is a history not of an Enlightenment but rather the Enlightenment-the rights-oriented, formalist, secularizing, freedom-inspired eighteenth-century movement that defined modern Western law. Its principal protagonists, rather than members of a cosmopolitan Republic of Letters, are non-literate, poor, and enslaved litigants who sued their superiors in the royal courts of Spain's American colonies. Despite growing evidence of the Hispanic world's contributions to Enlightenment science, the writing of history, and statecraft, it is conventionally believed to have taken an alternate route to modernity. This book grapples with the contradiction between this legacy and eighteenth-century Spanish Americans' active production of concepts fundamental to modern law. The book is intensely empirical even as it is sly situated within current theoretical debates about imperial geographies of history. The Enlightenment on Trial offers readers new insight into how legal documents were made, fresh interpretations of the intellectual transformations and legal reform policies of the period, and comparative analysis of the volume of civil suits from six regions in Mexico, Peru and Spain. Ordinary litigants in the colonies-far more often than peninsular Spaniards-sued superiors at an accelerating pace in the second half of the eighteenth century. Three types of cases increased even faster than a stunning general rise of civil suits in the colonies: those that slaves, native peasants and women initiated against masters, native leaders and husbands. As they entered court, these litigants advanced a new law-centered culture distinct from the casuistic, justice-oriented legal culture of the early modern period. And they did so at precisely the same time that a few bright minds of Europe enshrined them in print. The conclusion considers why, if this is so, the Spanish empire has remained marginal to the story of the advent of the modern West.

目次

Acknowledgments Notes on Laws Introduction Why is it Enlightenment? Part I: Suing in the Spanish Empire Chapter 1 Agents and Powers: Litigants and Writers in the Courts Chapter 2 Derecho and Law: Legal Enlightenment in Philosophy and Policy Chapter 3 Numbers and Values: Counting Cases in the Spanish Empire Part II: Lights from Litigants Chapter 4 Pleitos and Lawsuits: Conjugal Conflicts in Civil Courts Chapter 5 Then and Now: Native Status and Custom Chapter 6 Being and Becoming: Freedom and Slave Lawsuits Conclusion Why Not Enlightenment? Appendix I Archival Methods Appendix II Analysis of Civil Litigation over Time Archival Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index

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