CiNii Books - The first mapping of America : the general survey of British North America

The First Mapping of America tells the story of the General Survey. At the heart of the story lie the remarkable maps and the men who made them - the commanding and highly professional Samuel Holland, Surveyor-General in the North, and the brilliant but mercurial William Gerard De Brahm, Surveyor-General in the South. Battling both physical and political obstacles, Holland and De Brahm sought to establish their place in the firmament of the British hierarchy. Yet the reality in which they had to operate was largely controlled from afar, by Crown administrators in London and the colonies and by wealthy speculators, whose approval or opposition could make or break the best laid plans as they sought to use the Survey for their own ends.

Table of Contents

Contents PART I Chapter 1: Introduction Maps, Knowledge & Power in the Age of the Enlightenment PART II The Antecedents and Genesis of the General Survey Introduction Chapter 2: The Civilian and Military Antecedents of the General Survey Governance of Colonial Affairs in British North America
Signs of Progress
Lord Halifax Becomes President of the Board of Trade
Introducing William Gerard De Brahm
The Development of Military Cartography in British North America
Introducing Samuel Holland Chapter 3: The Genesis of the General Survey The Role & Status of the Board of Trade
The Grenville Ministry & the New Colonial Policy
The Important New Policy Questions of the Day
The Proclamation of 7 October 1763
Samuel Holland’s Timely Proposal for the General Survey
The Plan for the Survey is Defined
Linking Surveys, Envisioned as Additions to Complete the General Survey Scientific Surveying as Practiced by the General Survey of British North America Chapter 4: The Pre-Existing Information Influencing The General Survey Pre-Existing Maps of the Northern District: The Maps of L’Acadie versus Nova Scotia
Depiction of the Island of St. John up to 1764
Depiction of Cape Breton Island up to 1764
Pre-existing Maps for the Southern District: Spanish Florida, 1565-1763
Spanish Conceptions of Florida during their First Colonial Period
Maps & Geographical Information acquired by the British in 1764 PART III Mapping `Infant Colonies’: The Commencement of the General Survey Chapter 5: The Northern District Holland Arrives to Begin The Survey
Holland Assembles his Team
Holland Manages the Inherent Operational Issues
The Survey in Nova Scotia Begins
Holland’s General Map & Account of the Island of St. John
Holland’s Account of the Natural Attributes of the Island of St. John’s
Holland’s Survey Received
The Decision About St. John
The Survey of Cape Breton Island
Whitehall’s `Temporary’ Settlement Freeze in Cape Breton Surveying Operations in Cape Breton Island
Holland’s Reports and General Map of Cape Breton
Holland Quietly Supports Nova Scotian Activism
Whitehall Continues the Settlement Freeze
The Survey Begins in Québec
Holland’s Own `Murray Map’
Mapping the Gaspésie
Charting Lower St. Lawrence Surveying Newfoundland’s Dependencies The Magdalen Islands
Anticosti Island
Labrador
Conclusions Chapter 6: The Southern District Introduction
Whitehall’s High Hopes
James Grant Becomes East Florida’s First Governor
De Brahm Sets Out
De Brahm’s Reconnaissance Mapping of the Atlantic Coast, 1765-1766
De Brahm’s First Mission
De Brahm’s Survey of Mosquito Inlet
The Second Coastal Reconnaissance Mission, Spring of 1765
Mapping the St. John’s River & the Search for a Trans-Peninsular Navigable Passage
The Gathering Storm
De Brahm Excluded PART IV `Closing the Net’: The General Survey during the Administration of the Earl of Hillsborough Introduction Chapter 7: The Northern District Charting New England The Coastal Surveys from Cape Ann to the Kennebec River
Whitehall’s New Forestry Agenda Chapter 8: The Southern District The Trials of William Gerard De Brahm
Romans and Durnford Take Over De Brahm’s Duties on the General Survey
East Florida, 1768-1771: Growing Pains
The Search for a Connection to the Gulf of Mexico
Tampa Bay: `A Good Harbour for all Purposes’
Enter Bernard Romans
The General Survey Charts the Gulf Coast
The Northernmost Parts of East Florida’s Atlantic Coast
Towards Miami
De Brahm’s Atlantic Pilot: The Florida Keys & The Gulf Stream
Bernard Romans Continues the Gulf Survey
West Florida The Downfall of the Earl of Hillsborough PART V The General Survey under the Administration of the Earl of Dartmouth Introduction Lord Dartmouth becomes Secretary of State for the Colonies
Power and Influence within the American Department & the Board of Trade
The Role of the General Survey in Fulfilling Policy Objectives During Dartmouth’s Tenure
The Royal Factor: George III’s Interest in the General Survey Chapter 9: The Northern District Contents PART I Chapter 1: Introduction Maps, Knowledge & Power in the Age of the Enlightenment PART II The Antecedents and Genesis of the General Survey Introduction Chapter 2: The Civilian and Military Antecedents of the General Survey Governance of Colonial Affairs in British North America
Signs of Progress
Lord Halifax Becomes President of the Board of Trade
Introducing William Gerard De Brahm
The Development of Military Cartography in British North America
Introducing Samuel Holland Chapter 3: The Genesis of the General Survey The Role & Status of the Board of Trade
The Grenville Ministry & the New Colonial Policy
The Important New Policy Questions of the Day
The Proclamation of 7 October 1763
Samuel Holland’s Timely Proposal for the General Survey
The Plan for the Survey is Defined
Linking Surveys, Envisioned as Additions to Complete the General Survey Scientific Surveying as Practiced by the General Survey of British North America Chapter 4: The Pre-Existing Information Influencing The General Survey Pre-Existing Maps of the Northern District: The Maps of L’Acadie versus Nova Scotia
Depiction of the Island of St. John up to 1764
Depiction of Cape Breton Island up to 1764
Pre-existing Maps for the Southern District: Spanish Florida, 1565-1763
Spanish Conceptions of Florida during their First Colonial Period
Maps & Geographical Information acquired by the British in 1764 PART III Mapping `Infant Colonies’: The Commencement of the General Survey Chapter 5: The Northern District Holland Arrives to Begin The Survey
Holland Assembles his Team
Holland Manages the Inherent Operational Issues
The Survey in Nova Scotia Begins
Holland’s General Map & Account of the Island of St. John
Holland’s Account of the Natural Attributes of the Island of St. John’s
Holland’s Survey Received
The Decision About St. John
The Survey of Cape Breton Island
Whitehall’s `Temporary’ Settlement Freeze in Cape Breton
Surveying Operations in Cape Breton Island
Holland’s Reports and General Map of Cape Breton
Holland Quietly Supports Nova Scotian Activism
Whitehall Continues the Settlement Freeze
The Survey Begins in Québec
Holland’s Own `Murray Map’
Mapping the Gaspésie
Charting Lower St. Lawrence Surveying Newfoundland’s Dependencies The Magdalen Islands
Anticosti Island
Labrador
Conclusions Chapter 6: The Southern District Introduction
Whitehall’s High Hopes
James Grant Becomes East Florida’s First Governor
De Brahm Sets Out
De Brahm’s Reconnaissance Mapping of the Atlantic Coast, 1765-1766
De Brahm’s First Mission
De Brahm’s Survey of Mosquito Inlet
The Second Coastal Reconnaissance Mission, Spring of 1765
Mapping the St. John’s River & the Search for a Trans-Peninsular Navigable Passage
The Gathering Storm
De Brahm Excluded PART IV `Closing the Net’: The General Survey during the Administration of the Earl of Hillsborough Introduction Chapter 7: The Northern District Charting New England The Coastal Surveys from Cape Ann to the Kennebec River
Whitehall’s New Forestry Agenda Chapter 8: The Southern District The Trials of William Gerard De Brahm
Romans and Durnford Take Over De Brahm’s Duties on the General Survey
East Florida, 1768-1771: Growing Pains
The Search for a Connection to the Gulf of Mexico
Tampa Bay: `A Good Harbour for all Purposes’
Enter Bernard Romans
The General Survey Charts the Gulf Coast
The Northernmost Parts of East Florida’s Atlantic Coast
Towards Miami
De Brahm’s Atlantic Pilot: The Florida Keys & The Gulf Stream
Bernard Romans Continues the Gulf Survey
West Florida The Downfall of the Earl of Hillsborough PART V The General Survey under the Administration of the Earl of Dartmouth Introduction Lord Dartmouth becomes Secretary of State for the Colonies
Power and Influence within the American Department & the Board of Trade
The Role of the General Survey in Fulfilling Policy Objectives During Dartmouth’s Tenure
The Royal Factor: George III’s Interest in the General Survey Chapter 9: The Northern District Organization and Funding of the Northern Survey During Dartmouth’s Tenure
Holland’s Struggle to Retain His Work Force and Key Surveyors
The Admiralty & the Elusive General Map of the Northern District
The Recalcitrant J.F.W. Des Barres
Maine & the Timberlands: The Survey’s Magnificent Maps of Coastal Maine
The Northern Survey in New Hampshire: The Mystery of the General Map of New Hampshire
The Northern Survey in Metropolitan Massachusetts
The Northern Survey in Rhode Island
The Operational End of the Northern General Survey Chapter 10. The Southern District De Brahm in London - A Time of Redemption: De Brahm, the Author
De Brahm, the Scientist
Dartmouth and De Brahm in Land Speculation
De Brahm: the Journey Back
Events in East Florida: An “Accurate General Map” by Joseph Purcell
West Florida: Durnford, Romans and the Quest for a General Map: The Use of Maps in West Florida
Bernard Romans Completes the First General Map of West Florida Part VI The General Survey and the Militarization of Civilian Cartography Chapter 11. Military Mapping in the Pre-War Period
General Gage’s Cartographic Crisis
The Siege of Boston Enter the Maps of the General Survey
The `War Room’ & the Map Printing Revolution
The Continued Role of the General Survey’s Maps during the American Revolution
`The Guides & Pioneers’: The Human Legacy of the Northern Survey During the Revolution
The Southern District PART VII Conclusion and Legacy Chapter 12. Conclusion Base Maps for the New Republic
`Loyal She Remains’: Mapping Britain’s remaining North American Provinces
New Horizons Bibliography Index

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The first mapping of America : the general survey of British North America

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