Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer
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Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer
Wiley, c2017
8th ed
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Includes bibliographical references and index
Description and Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 What and How? 2
1.2 Physical Origins and Rate Equations 3
1.3 Relationship to Thermodynamics 12
1.4 Units and Dimensions 33
1.5 Analysis of Heat Transfer Problems: Methodology 35
1.6 Relevance of Heat Transfer 38
1.7 Summary 42
References 45
Problems 45
Chapter 2 Introduction to Conduction 59
2.1 The Conduction Rate Equation 60
2.2 The Thermal Properties of Matter 62
2.3 The Heat Diffusion Equation 74
2.4 Boundary and Initial Conditions 82
2.5 Summary 86
References 87
Problems 87
Chapter 3 One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 99
3.1 The Plane Wall 100
3.2 An Alternative Conduction Analysis 121
3.3 Radial Systems 125
3.4 Summary of One-Dimensional Conduction Results 131
3.5 Conduction with Thermal Energy Generation 131
3.6 Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces 143
3.7 Other Applications of One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 163
3.8 Summary 179
References 181
Problems 182
Chapter 4 Two-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 209
4.1 General Considerations and Solution Techniques 210
4.2 The Method of Separation of Variables 211
4.3 The Conduction Shape Factor and the Dimensionless Conduction Heat Rate 215
4.4 Finite-Difference Equations 221
4.5 Solving the Finite-Difference Equations 230
4.6 Summary 236
References 237
Problems 237
4S.1 The Graphical Method W-1
4S.2 The Gauss-Seidel Method: Example of Usage W-5
References W-10
Problems W-10
Chapter 5 Transient Conduction 253
5.1 The Lumped Capacitance Method 254
5.2 Validity of the Lumped Capacitance Method 257
5.3 General Lumped Capacitance Analysis 261
5.4 Spatial Effects 272
5.5 The Plane Wall with Convection 273
5.6 Radial Systems with Convection 277
5.7 The Semi-Infinite Solid 284
5.8 Objects with Constant Surface Temperatures or Surface Heat Fluxes 291
5.9 Periodic Heating 301
5.10 Finite-Difference Methods 304
5.11 Summary 318
References 319
Problems 319
5S.1 Graphical Representation of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction in the Plane Wall, Long Cylinder, and Sphere W-12
5S.2 Analytical Solutions of Multidimensional Effects W-16
References W-22
Problems W-22
Chapter 6 Introduction to Convection 341
6.1 The Convection Boundary Layers 342
6.2 Local and Average Convection Coefficients 346
6.3 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 353
6.4 The Boundary Layer Equations 358
6.5 Boundary Layer Similarity: The Normalized Boundary Layer Equations 362
6.6 Physical Interpretation of the Dimensionless Parameters 372
6.7 Boundary Layer Analogies 374
6.8 Summary 382
References 383
Problems 384
6S.1 Derivation of the Convection Transfer Equations W-25
References W-36
Problems W-36
Chapter 7 External Flow 395
7.1 The Empirical Method 397
7.2 The Flat Plate in Parallel Flow 398
7.3 Methodology for a Convection Calculation 409
7.4 The Cylinder in Cross Flow 417
7.5 The Sphere 427
7.6 Flow Across Banks of Tubes 430
7.7 Impinging Jets 439
7.8 Packed Beds 444
7.9 Summary 445
References 448
Problems 448
Chapter 8 Internal Flow 469
8.1 Hydrodynamic Considerations 470
8.2 Thermal Considerations 475
8.3 The Energy Balance 481
8.4 Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes: Thermal Analysis and Convection Correlations 489
8.5 Convection Correlations: Turbulent Flow in Circular Tubes 496
8.6 Convection Correlations: Noncircular Tubes and the Concentric Tube Annulus 504
8.7 Heat Transfer Enhancement 507
8.8 Forced Convection in Small Channels 510
8.9 Convection Mass Transfer 515
8.10 Summary 517
References 520
Problems 521
Chapter 9 Free Convection 539
9.1 Physical Considerations 540
9.2 The Governing Equations for Laminar Boundary Layers 542
9.3 Similarity Considerations 544
9.4 Laminar Free Convection on a Vertical Surface 545
9.5 The Effects of Turbulence 548
9.6 Empirical Correlations: External Free Convection Flows 550
9.7 Free Convection Within Parallel Plate Channels 564
9.8 Empirical Correlations: Enclosures 567
9.9 Combined Free and Forced Convection 573
9.10 Convection Mass Transfer 574
9.11 Summary 575
References 576
Problems 577
Chapter 10 Boiling and Condensation 595
10.1 Dimensionless Parameters in Boiling and Condensation 596
10.2 Boiling Modes 597
10.3 Pool Boiling 598
10.4 Pool Boiling Correlations 602
10.5 Forced Convection Boiling 611
10.6 Condensation: Physical Mechanisms 615
10.7 Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Plate 617
10.8 Turbulent Film Condensation 621
10.9 Film Condensation on Radial Systems 626
10.10 Condensation in Horizontal Tubes 631
10.11 Dropwise Condensation 632
10.12 Summary 633
References 633
Problems 635
Chapter 11 Heat Exchangers 645
11.1 Heat Exchanger Types 646
11.2 The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 648
11.3 Heat Exchanger Analysis: Use of the Log Mean Temperature Difference 651
11.4 Heat Exchanger Analysis: The Effectiveness-NTU Method 662
11.5 Heat Exchanger Design and Performance Calculations 670
11.6 Additional Considerations 679
11.7 Summary 687
References 688
Problems 688
11S.1 Log Mean Temperature Difference Method for Multipass and Cross-Flow Heat Exchangers W-40
11S.2 Compact Heat Exchangers W-44
References W-49
Problems W-50
Chapter 12 Radiation: Processes and Properties 701
12.1 Fundamental Concepts 702
12.2 Radiation Heat Fluxes 705
12.3 Radiation Intensity 707
12.4 Blackbody Radiation 716
12.5 Emission from Real Surfaces 726
12.6 Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission by Real Surfaces 735
12.7 Kirchhoff's Law 744
12.8 The Gray Surface 746
12.9 Environmental Radiation 752
12.10 Summary 760
References 764
Problems 764
Chapter 13 Radiation Exchange Between Surfaces 785
13.1 The View Factor 786
13.2 Blackbody Radiation Exchange 796
13.3 Radiation Exchange Between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure 800
13.4 Multimode Heat Transfer 817
13.5 Implications of the Simplifying Assumptions 820
13.6 Radiation Exchange with Participating Media 820
13.7 Summary 825
References 826
Problems 827
Chapter 14 Diffusion Mass Transfer 849
14.1 Physical Origins and Rate Equations 850
14.2 Mass Transfer in Nonstationary Media 855
14.3 The Stationary Medium Approximation 863
14.4 Conservation of Species for a Stationary Medium 863
14.5 Boundary Conditions and Discontinuous Concentrations at Interfaces 870
14.6 Mass Diffusion with Homogeneous Chemical Reactions 878
14.7 Transient Diffusion 881
14.8 Summary 887
References 888
Problems 888
Appendix A Thermophysical Properties of Matter 897
Appendix B Mathematical Relations and Functions 929
Appendix C Thermal Conditions Associated with Uniform Energy Generation in One-Dimensional, Steady-State Systems 935
Appendix D The Gauss-Seidel Method 941
Appendix E The Convection Transfer Equations 943
E.1 Conservation of Mass 944
E.2 Newton's Second Law of Motion 944
E.3 Conservation of Energy 945
E.4 Conservation of Species 946
Appendix F Boundary Layer Equations for Turbulent Flow 947
Appendix G An Integral Laminar Boundary Layer Solution for Parallel Flow over a Flat Plate 951
Conversion Factors 955
Physical Constants 956
Index 957
by "Nielsen BookData"