The great conversation : a historical introduction to philosophy
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The great conversation : a historical introduction to philosophy
Oxford University Press, c2019
8th ed
- v. 1 : pbk
- v. 2 : pbk
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Vol. 1. Pre-Socratics through Descartes -- v. 2. Descartes through Derrida and Quine
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Tracing the exchange of ideas among history's key philosophers, The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy, Eighth Edition, provides a generous selection of excerpts from major philosophical works and makes them more easily understandable to students with lucid and engaging explanations. Extensive cross-referencing shows students how philosophers respond appreciatively or critically to the thoughts of other
philosophers.The Great Conversation, Eighth Edition, is also available in two separate volumes to suit your course needs:The Great Conversation: Volume I: Pre-Socratics through Descartes, Eighth
EditionThe Great Conversation: Volume II: Descartes through Derrida and Quine, Eighth Edition
目次
*=New to this Edition
A Word to Instructors:
A Word to Students:
Acknowledgments:
1. Before Philosophy: Myth in Hesiod and Homer
Hesiod: War among the Gods
Homer: Heroes, Gods, and Excellence
2. Philosophy before Socrates
Thales: The One as Water
Anaximander: The One as the Boundless
Xenophanes: The Gods as Fictions
Sketch: Pythagoras:
Heraclitus: Oneness in the Logos
Parmenides: Only the One
Zeno: The Paradoxes of Common Sense
Atomism: The One and the Many Reconciled
The Key: An Ambiguity:
The World:
The Soul:
How to Live:
* 3. Appearance and Reality in Ancient India
* The Vedas and the Upanisads
* The Buddha
* The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Noble Path:
* Right View:
* Non-Self and Nagasena
* The Brahmanical Schools
* Vaisesika:
* Nyaya:
* The Great Conversation in India
4. The Sophists: Rhetoric and Relativism in Athens
Democracy
The Persian Wars
The Sophists
Rhetoric:
Relativism:
Physis and Nomos:
Athens and Sparta at War
Aristophanes and Reaction
* 5. Reason and Relativism in China
* A Brief History of Ancient China
* Mozi
* The School of Names
* The Later Mohists
* Zhuangzi
* Sketch: Laozi:
6. Socrates: To Know Oneself
Character
Is Socrates a Sophist?
What Socrates "Knows"
We Ought to Search for Truth:
Human Excellence Is Knowledge:
All Wrongdoing Is Due to Ignorance:
The Most Important Thing of All is to Care for Your Soul:
7. The Trial and Death of Socrates
Euthyphro:
Translator's Introduction
The Dialogue
Commentary and Questions
Apology:
Translator's Introduction
The Dialogue
Commentary and Questions
Crito:
Translator's Introduction
The Dialogue
Commentary and Questions
Phaedo (Death Scene)
Translator's Introduction
The Dialogue
Commentary and Questions
8. Plato: Knowing the Real and the Good
Knowledge and Opinion
Making the Distinction:
We Do Know Certain Truths:
The Objects of Knowledge:
The Reality of the Forms:
The World and the Forms
How Forms Are Related to the World:
Lower and Higher Forms:
The Form of the Good:
The Love of Wisdom
What Wisdom Is:
Love and Wisdom:
The Soul
The Immortality of the Soul:
The Structure of the Soul:
Morality
The State
Problems with the Forms
9. Aristotle: The Reality of the World
Aristotle and Plato
Logic and Knowledge
Terms and Statements:
Truth:
Reasons Why: The Syllogism:
Knowing First Principles:
The World
Nature:
The Four "Becauses":
Is There Purpose in Nature?:
Teleology:
First Philosophy
Not Plato's Forms:
What of Mathematics?:
Substance and Form:
Pure Actualities:
God:
The Soul
Levels of Soul:
Soul and Body:
Nous:
The Good Life
Happiness:
Virtue or Excellence (Arete):
The Role of Reason:
Responsibility:
The Highest Good:
* 10. Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi: Virtue in Ancient China
* Confucius
* The Way of Confucius:
* Ritual Propriety:
* Good Government:
*Mencius
* Differentiated Love:
* Xunzi:
* The Confucians' Legacy:
11. Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics: Happiness for the Many
The Epicureans
The Stoics
Profile: Marcus Aurelius:
The Skeptics
12. Jews and Christians: Sin, Salvation, and Love
Background
Jesus
The Meaning of Jesus
13. Augustine: God and the Soul
Wisdom, Happiness, and God
God and the World
The Great Chain of Being:
* Sketch: Hypatia of Alexandria:
Evil:
Time:
Human Nature and Its Corruption
Human Nature and Its Restoration
Augustine on Relativism
The Two Cities
Augustine and the Philosophers
Reason and Authority:
Intellect and Will:
Epicureans and Stoics:
* 14. Philosophy in the Islamic World: The Great Conversation Spreads Out
* A Sea Change in the Mediterranean Basin
* Al-Kindi, the "Philosopher of the Arabs"
* Al-Farabi, the "Second Master"
* Religion as Subordinate to Philosophy:
* Emanation and the Active Intellect:
* Sketch: The Celestial Spheres:
* Certitude, Absolute Certitude, and Opinion:
* Avicenna, the "Preeminent Master"
* Existence and Essence:
* The Necessary Existent, God:
* The Soul and Its Faculties:
* Al-Ghazali
Sketch: Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon):
* The Great Conversation in the Islamic World
15. Anselm and Aquinas: Existence and Essence in God and the World
Anselm: On That, Than Which No Greater Can Be Conceived
The Transfer of Learning
Thomas Aquinas: Rethinking Aristotle
Sketch: Averro:es, the Commentator:
Philosophy and Theology:
From Creation to God:
The Nature of God:
Humans: Their Souls:
Humans: Their Knowledge:
Humans: Their Good:
Ockham and Skeptical Doubts--Again
16. From Medieval to Modern Europe
The World God Made for Us
Reforming the Church
Revolutions
Humanism:
Skeptical Thoughts Revived:
Copernicus to Kepler to Galileo: The Great Triple Play:
The Counter-Reformation
17. Rene Descartes: Doubting Our Way to Certainty
The Method
Meditations on First Philosophy (each Meditation is followed by Commentary and Questions):
Meditation I
Meditation II
Meditation III
Meditation IV
Meditation V
Meditation VI
What Has Descartes Done?
A New Ideal for Knowledge:
A New Vision of Reality:
Problems:
The Place of Humans in the World of Nature:
The Mind and the Body:
God and the Problem of Skepticism:
The Preeminence of Epistemology:
Afterword:
Appendix: Writing a Philosophy Paper:
Glossary:
Credits:
Index:
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