Environmental pest management : challenges for agronomists, ecologists, economists and policymakers

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書誌事項

Environmental pest management : challenges for agronomists, ecologists, economists and policymakers

edited by Moshe Coll, Eric Wajnberg

Wiley, 2017

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

A wide-ranging, interdisciplinary exploration of key topics that interrelate pest management, public health and the environment This book takes a unique, multidimensional approach to addressing the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their impacts on the environment and human health, and environmental effects on plant protection practices. It features contributions by a distinguished group of authors from ten countries, representing an array of disciplines. They include plant protection scientists and officers, economists, agronomists, ecologists, environmental and public health scientists and government policymakers. Over the course of eighteen chapters, those experts share their insights into and analyses of an array of issues of vital concern to everyone with a professional interest in this important subject. The adverse effects of pest control have become a subject of great concern worldwide, and researchers and enlightened policymakers have at last begun to appreciate the impact of environmental factors on our ability to manage pest populations. Moreover, while issues such as pesticide toxicity have dominated the global conversation about pest management, economic and societal considerations have been largely neglected. Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers is the first work to provide in-depth coverage of all of these pressing issues between the covers of one book. Offers a unique multi-dimensional perspective on the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their effect on the environment and human health Addresses growing concerns about specific pest management strategies, including the use of transgenic crops and biological controls Analyses the influence of global processes, such as climate change, biological invasions and shifts in consumer demand, and ecosystem services and disservices on pest suppression efforts Explores public health concerns regarding biodiversity, pesticide use and food safety Identifies key economic drivers of pest suppression research, strategies and technologies Proposes new regulatory approaches to create sustainable and viable crop protection systems in the framework of agro-environmental schemes Offering a timely and comprehensively-unique treatment of pest management and its environmental impacts in a single, inter-disciplinary volume, this book is a valuable resource for scientists in an array of disciplines, as well as government officials and policymakers. Also, teachers of undergraduate and graduate level courses in a variety of fields are sure to find it a highly useful teaching resource.

目次

List of Contributors xi Preface xv Moshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg 1 Environmental Pest Management: A Call to Shift from a Pest ]Centric to a System ]Centric Approach 1 Moshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Modern Developments in Pest Control 1 1.3 The Disillusionment with Integrated Pest Management 3 1.4 A Call for Environmental Pest Management 11 Acknowledgements 13 References 13 Part I General Background 19 2 Approaches in Plant Protection: Science, Technology, Environment and Society 21 Deborah K. Letourneau, Margaret I. FitzSimmons and Diego J. Nieto 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 History of Plant Protection Approaches 22 2.3 Integrated Pest Management: What Does it Take? 31 2.4 Transforming Agriculture Systems for IPM 41 Acknowledgments 43 References 43 3 The Economics of Alternative Pest Management Strategies: Basic Assessment 55 Clement A. Tisdell, David Adamson and Bruce Auld 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Economic Decisions at Farm Level Based on Threshold Models Assuming Use of a Given Pest Control Technique and Certainty 56 3.3 Uncertainties and Economic Decisions at Farm Level About Pest Control: Assumes a Given Pest Control Technique and Applies the Threshold Approach 60 3.4 Choice of Alternative Pest Control Techniques at Farm Level Assuming Certainty 64 3.5 The Economics of the Timing of Pest Control and the Optimal Choice of Techniques Given Uncertainty 66 3.6 A Note on Biological Pest Control 70 3.7 Discussion of the Modelling of the Economics of Pest Management at the Farm Level 71 3.8 Concluding Comments 73 References 73 Part II Impact of Pest Management Practices on the Environment 77 4 Effects of Chemical Control on the Environment 79 Francisco Sanchez ]Bayo 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Pesticides in Agriculture 79 4.3 Impacts of Pesticides on the Environment 83 4.4 Concluding Remarks 94 References 95 5 Environmental Impacts of Arthropod Biological Control: An Ecological Perspective 105 David E. Jennings, Jian J. Duan and Peter A. Follett 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 The'Invasion' Process of Establishing Non ]native Biocontrol Agents 106 5.3 Ecological Processes Underlying the EnvironmentalImpact of Biocontrol 107 5.4 Ecological Impact Assessment and Cost-benefit Analysis 111 5.5 Case Study I: Biocontrol of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) 112 5.6 Case Study II: Biocontrol of Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) 115 5.7 Concluding Remarks 119 Acknowledgements 120 References 120 6 Effects of Transgenic Crops on the Environment 131 Peter B. Woodbury, Antonio DiTommaso, Janice Thies, Matthew Ryan and John Losey 6.1 Range and Scope of Transgenic Crops 131 6.2 Conceptual Framework 132 6.3 Primary Effects 132 6.4 Secondary Effects 134 6.5 Tertiary Effects: Broader Spatial and Temporal Scales 137 6.6 Quantifying Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Traits 140 6.7 Variation Among Countries in Risk Assessment and Management 143 6.8 Conclusions 143 References 144 Part III Influence of Unmanaged Habitats on Pest Management 151 7 Ecosystem Services Provided by Unmanaged Habitats in Agricultural Landscapes 153 Stefano Colazza, Morgan W. Shields, Ezio Peri and Antonino Cusumano 7.1 Introduction 153 7.2 Global Importance of Arthropod Natural Enemies in Pest Management 155 7.3 Importance of Multitrophic Interactions to Biological Pest Control 156 7.4 Importance of Unmanaged Vegetation for Biological Control 158 7.5 Landscape Use to Maximize Biological Control 163 7.6 Conclusions 164 References 165 8 The Role of Ecosystem Disservices in Pest Management 175 Mark A.K. Gillespie and Steve D. Wratten 8.1 Introduction 175 8.2 EDS and Unmanaged Habitats 178 8.3 Landscape Context and the EDS from Unmanaged Habitats 186 8.4 Managing for EDS from Unmanaged Habitats 188 8.5 Conclusions and Future Research 189 References 190 Part IV Effects of Global Changes on Pest Management 195 9 Effect of Climate Change on Insect Pest Management 197 Nigel R. Andrew and Sarah J. Hill 9.1 Introduction 197 9.2 Observed Climate Changes Influencing Agro ]Ecosystems 198 9.3 Insect Responses to Climate Change 198 9.4 Overview of Insect Pests in Agro ]Ecosystems and Climate Change 202 9.5 How Climate Change and Insect Responses May Affect Various Ecological Processes Important for Plant Protection 207 9.6 Climate Change and IPM Approaches 210 9.7 Directions for Future Research 214 Acknowledgements 214 References 215 10 Effects of Biological Invasions on Pest Management 225 George K. Roderick and Maria Navajas 10.1 Invasion Science 225 10.2 Invasions - A Natural Process? 233 10.3 Perception and Value of Introduced and Invasive Alien Species 234 10.4 When to Act, and Why? 235 10.5 How Best to Control Invasive Species? 235 10.6 Case Studies 236 10.7 Conclusions 238 Acknowledgements 240 References 240 Part V Pest Control and Public Health 249 11 Pesticides and Human Health 251 Jane A. Hoppin and Catherine E. LePrevost 11.1 Introduction 251 11.2 Human Exposure to Pesticides 251 11.3 Acute Toxicity 254 11.4 Chronic Human Health Effects 257 11.5 Conclusions 265 References 266 12 Human Health Concerns Related to the Consumption of Foods from Genetically Modified Crops 275 Javier Magana ]Gomez and Ana Maria Calderon de la Barca 12.1 History of GM Foods and Associated Food Safety Concerns 275 12.2 Status and Commercial Traits Regarding Genetically Modified Organisms 277 12.3 The Bases for Unintended Health Risks 281 12.4 Guidelines and Approaches Used for Risk Assessment of GM Foods 282 12.5 Recent Research on in vivo Evaluation of GM Foods Consumption 283 12.6 Shortcomings and Research Needs in the Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods 286 12.7 Conclusion 290 References 290 Part VI Policies Related to Environmental Pest Management 297 13 Effectiveness of Pesticide Policies: Experiences from Danish Pesticide Regulation 1986-2015 299 Anders Branth Pedersen and Helle Orsted Nielsen 13.1 Introduction 299 13.2 Denmark - a Pioneer in Pesticide Policies 300 13.3 Effects 306 13.4 Comparing Denmark to the EU and Internationally 315 13.5 Conclusion 319 References 319 14 Impacts of Exotic Biological Control Agents on Non ]target Species and Biodiversity: Evidence, Policy and Implications 325 Barbara I.P. Barratt and Clark A.C. Ehlers 14.1 Environmental Safety of Biological Control 325 14.2 Legislation and Regulation of Biological Control 327 14.3 Risk Assessment 329 14.4 Post release Validation of Predicted Outcomes 337 14.5 Implications of Biological Control Regulation Policy: What has it Meant for Biological Control Practice? 339 14.6 The Future for Biological Control Regulation 340 Acknowledgements 341 References 341 15 Pesticides in Food Safety versus Food Security 347 Pieter Spanoghe 15.1 Introduction 347 15.2 Use of Plant Protection Products in Farming Systems 348 15.3 Food Security in a Changing World 353 15.4 Food Safety and Pesticides in a Global Market 356 15.5 Towards Sustainability 362 15.6 Conclusion 364 References 364 16 External Costs of Food Production: Environmental and Human Health Costs of Pest Management 369 Nir Becker 16.1 Introduction: Pesticide Externalities 369 16.2 Background: The Impact of Pesticide Use 370 16.3 The Challenge in Estimating Externalities from Pesticide Use 373 16.4 Externality Estimation Methods 375 16.5 Overview of Existing Studies on Externalities of Pesticides 376 16.6 Integrated Pest Management 378 16.7 The Role of Information 379 16.8 Conclusion 380 References 381 17 The Role of Pest Management in Driving Agri ]environment Schemes in Switzerland 385 Felix Herzog, Katja Jacot, Matthias Tschumi and Thomas Walter 17.1 Introduction 385 17.2 Policy Context of the Swiss Agricultural Sector 386 17.3 Ecological Focus Areas for Biodiversity Protection 388 17.4 Ecosystem Service Provision as a New Paradigm 394 17.5 Conclusion 398 References 399 Part VII Concluding Remarks, Take-Home Messages and a Call for Action 405 18 Environmental Pest Management: The Need for Long ]term Governmental Commitment 407 Moshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg 18.1 The Prevalence of a Pest ]centric, Bottom ]up Approach to Pest Control 407 18.2 The Main Messages Presented in this Volume 408 18.3 The Role of Governments in Pest Management 412 18.4 Characteristics of Top ]down, Environmental Pest Management 414 Acknowledgements 416 References 416 Index 419

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