Living ethics : an introduction with readings
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Living ethics : an introduction with readings
Oxford University Press, c2019
- : pbk
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Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Living Ethics: An Introduction with Readings is an ideal all-in-one resource for courses in introduction to ethics and contemporary moral problems. In this hybrid textbook/reader, Russ Shafer-Landau brings moral theory and contemporary moral issues to life with a comprehensive and balanced set of readings, uniquely engaging explanations, and clear analysis of arguments.The book balances coverage of moral reasoning (in Part 1) with
highly relevant contemporary moral problems (in Part 2).Part 2 also features a rich collection of pedagogical tools to help students understand and think critically about the various
contemporary moral issues discussed:* Just the Facts: Provides students with relevant factual material, offering necessary background for the book's ethical investigations* Argument Analysis: Reconstructs and critically assesses a battery of arguments on the topics of the chapter* Essential Concepts: Key terms that are placed in bold on first mention in the text (also available
in the glossary)* Stat Shots: Visual presentations of quantitative data provide additional context for the chapter's subject matter* Cases for Critical Thinking: Often taken from headlines, these exercises are
designed to invite deeper reflection on issues related to the chapter topic
目次
PART 1. MORAL THEORY
Chapter 1. What Is Morality?
Conventional and Critical Morality
The Branches of Moral Philosophy
Moral Starting Points
Morality and Other Normative Systems
Morality and Religion
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Chapter 2. Moral Reasoning
Validity and Soundness
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
Valid Argument Forms
Fallacies
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Chapter 3. Skepticism about Morality
Egoism
Relativism
Error Theory
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Readings
Mary Midgley, Trying Out One's New Sword
J. L. Mackie, The Subjectivity of Values
Chapter 4. The Good Life
Hedonism
Desire Satisfaction Theory
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Readings
John Stuart Mill, Hedonism
Robert Nozick, The Experience Machine
Chapter 5. Consequentialism
The Nature of Consequentialism
The Attractions of Utilitarianism
Some Difficulties for Utilitarianism
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Reading
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism
Chapter 6. Kantian Ethics
Consistency and Fairness
The Principle of Universalizability
Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives
Assessing the Principle of Universalizability
Kant on Absolute Moral Duties
The Principle of Humanity
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Reading
Immanuel Kant, The Good Will and the Categorical Imperative
Chapter 7. Social Contract Theory
The Background of the Social Contract Theory
The Prisoner's Dilemma
Cooperation and the State of Nature
The Advantages of Contractarianism
The Role of Consent
Disagreement among the Contractors
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Reading
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan
Chapter 8. Natural Law
The Theory and Its Attractions
Three Conceptions of Human Nature
Natural Purposes
The Doctrine of Double Effect
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Reading
Thomas Aquinas, Natural Law
Chapter 9. The Ethic of Prima Facie Duties
Ethical Pluralism and Prima Facie Duties
The Advantages of Ross's View
A Problem for Ross's View
Prima Facie Duties and the Testing of Moral Theories
Knowing the Right Thing to Do
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Reading
W. D. Ross, What Makes Right Actions Right?
Chapter 10. Virtue Ethics
The Standard of Right Action
Moral Complexity
Moral Understanding
The Nature of Virtue
Does Virtue Ethics Offer Adequate Moral Guidance?
Who Are the Moral Role Models?
Conflict and Contradiction
The Priority Problem
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Reading
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
Chapter 11. Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care
The Elements of Feminist Ethics
The Ethics of Care
The Importance of Emotions
Against Unification
Partiality and Concreteness
Downplaying Rights
Challenges for Feminist Ethics
Conclusion
Essential Concepts:
Discussion Questions:
Reading
Hilde Lindemann, What Is Feminist Ethics?
PART 2. MORAL PROBLEMS
Chapter 12. Abortion
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
John Noonan, An Almost Absolute Value in History
Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion
Mary Anne Warren, On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion
Don Marquis, Why Abortion Is Immoral
Chapter 13. Animals
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
Peter Singer, All Animals Are Equal
Tom Regan, The Case for Animal Rights
Mary Anne Warren, Difficulties with the Strong Animal Rights Position
Alastair Norcross, Puppies, Pigs, and People: Eating Meat and Marginal Cases
R. G. Frey, Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Speciesism
Chapter 14. The Environment
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
Paul Taylor, The Ethics of Respect for Nature
Thomas Hill, Jr., Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments
Eric A. Posner and Cass R. Sunstein, Climate Change Justice
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, It's Not My Fault: Global Warming and Individual Moral Obligations
Chapter 15. Euthanasia
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
James Rachels, The Morality of Euthanasia
Leon R. Kass, Why Doctors Must Not Kill
Peter Singer, Justifying Voluntary Euthanasia
Chapter 16. Economic Justice and Economic Inequality
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice
Robert Nozick, The Entitlement Theory of Justice
Harry Frankfurt, Equality as a Moral Ideal
Elizabeth Anderson, How Not to Complain about Taxes
Chapter 17. Globalization and Immigration
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
Peter Singer, The Singer Solution to World Poverty
Onora O'Neill, A Kantian Approach to Famine Relief
Thomas Pogge, Human Rights and Global Wrongs
Michael Huemer, Is There a Right to Immigrate?
David Miller, Immigration: The Case for Limits
Chapter 18. The Legacy of Racism
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
J. Angelo Corlett, Reparations to Native Americans?
Daniel M. Hausman, Affirmative Action: Bad Arguments and Some Good Ones
Elizabeth Anderson, The Future of Racial Integration
Tommie Shelby, Justice, Deviance, and the Dark Ghetto
Chris Lebron, Time for a New Black Radicalism
Chapter 19. Terrorism
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
Michael Walzer, Terrorism: A Critique of Excuses
Virginia Held, Terrorism and War
Lionel K. McPherson, Is Terrorism Distinctively Wrong?
Stephen Nathanson, Can Terrorism Be Morally Justified?
Chapter 20. The Death Penalty
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
Ernst van den Haag, On Deterrence and the Death Penalty
Jeffrey H. Reiman, Civilization, Safety, and Deterrence
Igor Primoratz, Justifying Legal Punishment
Stephen Nathanson, An Eye for an Eye?
Chapter 21. Drugs
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Essential Concepts
Conclusion
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
Peter de Marneffe, Against the Legalization of Drugs
Michael Huemer, America's Unjust Drug War
Robert E. Goodin, Permissible Paternalism: Saving Smokers from Themselves
Chapter 22. Genetic Engineering
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
Michael Sandel, The Case Against Perfection
Julian Savulescu, Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Enhancement of Human Beings
Roberta Millstein, GMOs? Not So Fast
Gary Comstock, Ethics and Genetically Modified Foods
Chapter 23. Sexual Morality
Just the Facts
Argument Analysis
Conclusion
Essential Concepts
Stat Shot
Cases for Critical Thinking
Readings
John Corvino, Why Shouldn't Tommy and Jim Have Sex? A Defense of Homosexuality
Maggie Gallagher, Normal Marriage: Two Views
Raja Halwani, Virtue Ethics, Casual Sex, and Objectification
Nicholas Dixon, Alcohol and Rape
Martha C. Nussbaum, "Whether from Reason or Prejudice": Taking Money for Bodily Services
Appendix: The Truth about Philosophy Majors:
Glossary:
Index:
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