Tsunami generation and propagation
著者
書誌事項
Tsunami generation and propagation
（Springer geophysics）
Springer, c2019
- : hardback
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This book introduces a framework of tsunami modelling from generation to propagation, aimed at application to the new observation started in Japan after the devastating tsunami of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. About 150 seismic and tsunami sensors were deployed in a wide region off the Pacific coast of eastern Japan in order to catch tsunami generation inside the focal area, which makes a clear departure from conventional observations that detect tsunamis far from the source region. In order to exploit the full potential of this new observation system, it is not enough to model tsunami generation simply by static sea-bottom deformation caused by an earthquake. This book explains dynamic tsunami generation and sea-bottom deformation by kinematic earthquake faulting, in which seismic and acoustic waves are also included in addition to static sea-bottom deformation. It then systematically derives basic tsunami equations from the fundamental equations of motions. The author also illustrates the details of numerical schemes and their applications to tsunami records, making sound linkages among these topics to naturally understand how a tsunami is physically or mathematically described. This book will be a comprehensive guide for graduate students and young researchers to start their research activities smoothly.
目次
Tsunami Generation and Propagation
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Offshore Tsunami Observations
1.2 The 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake
1.3 Observation Inside Earthquake Focal Area
1.4 Focus of this Book
Chapter 2 Overview of Tsunami
2.1 Earthquake and Tsunami: A Possible Scenario in Nankai Trough, Japan
2.2 Tsunami Generation
2.3 Tsunami Propagation
2.4 Points of Tsunami Generation and Propagation
Appendix 2A Simulation Method of Tsunami Generation by an Earthquake
Appendix 2B Phase Velocity in Nonlinear Long-Wave Equations: the First Order Approximation Method
Chapter 3 Propagation of Tsunami and Seismic Wave
3.1 Governing Equations
3.1.1 Stress and Strain
3.1.2 Equation of Motion and Constitutive laws
3.2 Tsunami: Dynamics of Incompressible Fluid
3.2.1 Fundamental Equations of Tsunami
3.2.2 Tsunami
3.2.3 Energy Density and Energy Flux Density for Incompressible Fluid
3.3 Seismic Wave: Elastic Dynamics
3.3.1 P, S, and Rayleigh Waves
3.3.2 Ocean Acoustic Wave
3.3.3 Energy Density and Energy Flux Density for Elastic Medium
3.4 Waves in Continuum Medium
Chapter 4 Earthquake
4.1 A Point Source and Seismic Wave Excitation
4.1.1 A Point Shear Dislocation Source: Equivalent Body Force and Moment Tensor
4.1.2 Displacement Field form a Point Source
4.2 Finite Fault Model and Scaling Law
4.2.1 Stress Drop
4.2.2 Scaling Law
4.3 Seismic Wave Simulation
4.3.1 Finite Difference Method
4.3.2 Seismic Waves, Ocean Acoustic Waves, and Permanent Displacement
4.3.3 Bridging Seismic Wave Simulation to Tsunami Propagation Simulation
Appendix 4A Seismic Wave Propagation in 2-D Space: P-SV Problem
Chapter 5 Tsunami Generation
5.1 Ocean Acoustic Wave and Tsunami: Different Driving Forces
5.2 Linear Potential Theory
5.2.1 Governing Equations
5.2.2 Solving Laplace Equation with Boundary Conditions
5.3 Generation
5.3.1 Visualization
5.3.2 Analytical Solutions
5.3.3 Pressure Change
5.4 Bridging Generation to Propagation
5.4.1 Contribution of Sea-Depth Variation
5.4.2 Synthesis of Ocean-Bottom Pressure Record
Appendix 5A Equation (5.28)
Appendix 5B Tsunami Propagation from an Initial Height Distribution and Zero Velocity Distribution
Chapter 6 Propagation Simulation
6.1 Nonlinear and Dispersive Tsunami
6.1.1 Nonlinear Wave
6.1.2 Dispersive Waves
6.2 Tsunami Equations Derived from Equation of Motion
6.2.1 Integration with Respect to Sea Depth: 3-D to 2-D equations
6.2.2 Long-Wave Approximations
6.3 Numerical Simulations: Finite Difference Method
6.3.1 Linear Long-Wave Equations: Simplest Equations
6.3.2 Nonlinear Long-Wave Equations: Inundation
6.3.3 Linear Dispersive Equations: Deep Ocean
6.3.4 Nonlinear Dispersive Equations
Chapter 7 Epilogue
7.1 Tsunami Propagation
7.2 Tsunami Generation
7.3 Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
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