Europe in the modern world : a new narrative history, since 1500

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Europe in the modern world : a new narrative history, since 1500

Edward Berenson with Catherine Johnson, Katharine Beals

Oxford University Press, c2017

  • : pbk

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Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Europe in the Modern World: A New Narrative History Since 1500 is an unusually engaging narrative history of Europe since 1500. Written by an award-winning teacher and scholar, the narrative highlights the major episodes of the European past and vividly connects those episodes to major international events. Each chapter opens with a compelling biographical sketch--from Toussaint Louverture to Leni Riefenstahl--that gives the book's ideas a vibrant, human face, while "Writing History" exercises at the end of each chapter offer students step-by-step guidance toward effective, polished prose. Taken together, the end-of-chapter exercises constitute a powerful expository writing program unique to this book.Europe in the Modern World pays considerably more attention to economic history than do other textbooks, demonstrating the role that economic developments--and the political, social, and cultural responses to them--play in shaping the political and social life of a given age. By taking politics and economics seriously while doing justice to social and cultural life, Europe in the Modern World explains the key phenomena of the Western past with clarity and verve. The book reads not like a typical academic text, but more like the best narrative history.

Table of Contents

List of Maps Preface About the Writing History Exercises About the Author Introduction Biography: Europa What and Where Is Europe? Europe in 1450-1500 Agriculture, Industry, and Trade in 1450-1500 Religion, Culture, and Intellectual Life in 1450-1500 The Structure of this Book Chapter 1: The Age of Religious Reform, 1490-1648 Biography: Martin Luther The Beginnings of Religious Change The Protestand Reformation Luther and Religious Reforms in Germany Zwingli and the Radicalization of Religious Reform Thomas Muntzer's Radical Anabaptism --- Anabaptism and the Peasants' War --- The Politics of Religious Strife Calvinism Predestination and the Creation of a Calvinist Church The French Religious Wars Ohter Calvinist Gains The Protestand Transformation in England The Catholic Reformation The Catholic Recovery The Council of Trent The Jesuits The Counter-Reformation The Thirty Years' War Reformation Society and Culture Witchcraft The Visual Arts Conclusion: The Reformation's Outcomes and Results Writing History: Coordination Chapter 2: States and Empires, 1500-1715 Biography: Louis XIV Absolutism and Its Limits A New Nobility European Wars, 1660s to 1714 Spain: Another Kingdom Submerged in Debt "Bureaucratic Absolutism" in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire Austria and Bohemia: The Limits of Habsburg Authority Prussia Russia The Ottoman Empire Constitutional Regimes Poland and Hungary Sweden The Dutch Republic England --- England's Road to Revolution and Civil War --- English Protestantism Divides in Two --- The English Civil War --- The English Revolution --- The Restoration Empires The Portuguese Empire The Spanish Empire The Dutch Private Enterprise Empire The British Empire The French Empire Conclusion: The Failure of Absolutism Writing History: Subordination Chapter 3: Science and Enlightenment, 1600-1789 Biography: Galileo A Scientific Revolution? The World as Machine The Experimental Model Descartes and the Quest for Certainty Isaac Newton: The Way Gravity Works "Enlightenment:" From the Natural World to the Study of Humankind "What is Enlightenment?" Natural Law and the Nature of Human Beings Locke, Mandeville, and the Scottish Enlightenment Rousseau and Natural Man Civilization and "Primitive" Man Rationality and the Critique of Religion National Differences in Enlightenment Thought Voltaire and the Critique of Religion in France The Theory and Practice of Government Women and the New Philosophy Conclusion: The Accomplishments of the Enlightenment Writing History: Thesis Statements Chapter 4: The Era of the French, Revolution, 1750-1815 Biography: Toussaint L'ouverture Origins of the French Revolution The Financial Crisis The Political Crisis The Public Opinion Crisis The Crisis of Frustrated Expectations France's New Social Structure The Revolution The Revolution Takes Off The Great Fear The Revolution Settles In Religion and Revolution The End of the Monarchy Civil War and Terror The End of the Terror The Directory, 1794-99 Britain, Russia, and the French Revolution Revolution in the French Empire Napoleon's European Empire Conclusion: The Legacy of the French Revolution Writing History: The thesis statement (X) and its supporting ideas (1-2-3) Chapter 5: The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1815 Biography: Richard Arkwright Origins of the Industrial Revolution: Why Britain? Britain's Urban, Market-Oriented, High-Wage Economy The Agricultural Revolution Coal: The Revolution in Energy The Rise of Cotton The Mechanization of Industry The Industrial Revolution Moves Beyond Cotton Economic Development Outside of Britain The Cultural and Political Origins of the Industrial Revolution Social Consequences of the Industrial Revolution The Lives of Working People Economic Instability and Its Consequences Changes in Family Life The Factory, Workers and the Rise of the Labor Movement Economic Liberalism Conclusion: The Limits of Britain's Industrial Revolution Writing History: Cohesion across sentences Chapter 6: Conservation, Reform, and Revolution, 1815-1852 Biography: George Sand Restoration? The Congress of Vienna The Peace Settlement The Slave Trade New Ideologies of the Post-Revolutionary Period Conservatism Liberalism Romanticism Democracy Socialism Feminism Nationalism Political Systems and the Quest for Reform The Autocracies: Austria, Russia, and Prussia Prussia and the Non-Habsburg German States Revolution in Spain and Italy France: The Rise of Constitutional Monarchy The French Revolution of 1830 Rebellions in the Low Countries, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, and the Ottoman Empire Britain: Social Change and Political Reform 1848: Europe in Revolution The Revolution Begins The Spread of Revolution Conclusion: The Meaning of 1848 Writing History: Paragraph flow Chapter 7: From National Unificatoin to Religious Revival, 1850-1880 Biography: Otto von Bismarck The New Industrialization A New Prosperity? Urbanizatoin and the Urban World The Redevlopment of Paris Europe's Worldwide Economic Role Political Change Prosperity and Empire in France The Crimean War The Eclipse of Russia National Unification The Unification of Italy The Unificaton of Germany Consequences of the German Unification --- The Creation of Austria-Hungary, 1867 --- The New French Republic Marxism and the Opposition to Capitalism Trade Unions, Women's Rights, and the Rise of Socialist Parties Positivism, Evolution, and the Hegemony of Science Religion in the Modern World Popular Culture Conclusion: A New European Balance of Power Writing History: Text reconstruction Chapter 8: European Society and the Road to War, 1880-1914 Biography: Maria Montessori Life and Death and the Movement of People Economic Change During the "Long Depression," 1873-93 The Agricultural Crisis The Industrial Economy Matures Britain's Relative Decline Technology and the Flurry of Inventions Tariffs and the Rise of Economic Nationalism Politics and Political Change Britain: The Practice of Liberalism France: The Achievements of a Democratic Republic Germany: The Persistence of Authoritarian and Aristocratic Rule Social Reform in Germany Imperialism and Empire Why Imperialism? Nationalist Reactions to Imperialism The Empire at Home From Missionaries to the "Civilizing Mission" Russia, Austria, and the Balkans Austria-Hungary: A Slow Decline "Politics in a New Key:" Anti-Semitism and the Extreme Right Anti-Semitism in Russia and France The Dreyfus Affair Feminism and the New Woman Origins of the First World War The Road to War Morocco and the Balkans Conclusion: Europe Plunges Into the Abyss Writing History: Text reconstruction and composition Chapter 9: The First World War, 1914-1919 Biography: Siegried Sassoon The Outbreak of War The Battles of the Marne and Ypres The Western Front Trench Warfare The Battles of Verdun and the Somme The Eastern Front The War Outside Europe and at Sea War in Africa and the Ottoman Empire The Middle Eastern Campaign The War Against Civilians German Responses to the Economic Blockade Consent for the War The Home Front Women's Contributions to the War Wartime Propoganda From Protest to Mutiny The American Intervention Both Sides Prepare for All-Out Victory The Allied Victory Germany's Aborted Revolution The Treaty of Versailles Conclusion: Results of the First World War Writing History: Paper reconstruction Chapter 10: The Russian Revolution and the Rise of the Soviet Union, 1905-1940 Biography: Aleksandra Kollontai Origins of the Russian Revolution The Travails of Agricultural and Industrial Life The Radical Intelligentsia The Revolution of 1905 The Russian Revolution Lenin and the Bolsheviks The Failure of the Moderate Revolution The New Soviet Regime The Russian Civil War Outcome of the Russian Civil War The Rise of the Soviet Union The New Economic Policy Stalin and the end of NEP Stalin's Revolution The Five-Year Plans The Social Consequences of Stalin's Revolution The Cultural Revolution The Great Purge Conclusion: The Rise of a Powerful Communist State Writing History: Analyzing and sorting material into main ideas Chapter 11: Fascism and Nazism: Mass Politics and Mass Culture, 1919-1939 Biography: Leni Reifenstahl The Failure of Liberalism and Democracy After World War I The Fragility of Postwar Parliamentary Regimes Intellectuals' Disillusionment with Liberalism and Democracy The Dangers of Mass Politics The Rise of Fascism in Italy Italy Fascist Regime Hitler and the Origins of the Nazi Movement Weimar Politics and the Rejection of Democracy Weimar's Undemocratic Institutions The Economic Crisis of 1923 The Resolution of the German Crisis Media and Mass Culture in the Interwar Period The Cinema Radio Sports Women: Work, Domesticity, and the New "New Woman" The Great Depression Nazism The Nazi Take-Over The Nazi Regime The Consolidation of Nazi Power The Nazi Dictatorship The New Regime: Dissent and Consent The Persecution of the Jews Economic Achievements Leisure for the Masses Conclusion: The Fascist "Revolution?" Writing History: Creating the complex "noun phrases" of academic writing Chapter 12: The Second World War, 1939-1945 Biography: Primo Levi The Enormity of the Second World War The Origins of the Second World War Political Economic Decline in Britain Economy and Politics in France Germany Overturns the Treaty of Versailles The Spanish Civil War The Incorporation of Austria, the Munich Pact, and the Seizure of Czechoslovakia Prelude to the Second World War The War -- Phase I: Hitler's Quest for Domination Hitler's Attack on the West From the Battle of Britain to the Early Campaigns in Greece, North Africa, and the Middle East Operation Barbarossa: The Invasion of Russia Hitler's Europe The Nazi Plans The Terrible Results The Exploitation of Europe Collaboration and Resistance The Case of France The Netherlands and Scandinavia Eastern Europe Communists and the Resistance: The Cases of Yugoslavia and Greece The Home Front in Britain and Germany The Holocaust The War -- Phase II: The Allies Turn the Tide The Role of the United States Stalingrad: The Great Turning Point of the War The Allied Invasions of the Continent The War -- Phase III: From the Liberation of France to the Surrender of Germany The Atom Bomb and the End of the War in the Pacific Conclusion: The Consequences of the War Writing History: Using passive voice, it-shifts, and what-shifts to tell your reader what matters most Chapter 13: The Postwar, 1945-1970 Biography: Elizabeth II The Toll of the War Assessing Responsibility for the War The "German Question" The Cold War and the Division of Europe Economic Recovery The Marshall Plan The "Economic Miracle" The Communist Take-Over in Eastern Europe The Hardening of the Cold War The Beginnings of European Cooperation Stalinist Politics and the Command Economy in Eastern Europe European Integration European Politics in the 1950s The End of Empire Southeast Asia South Asia Africa Algeria The Middle East The Soviet Union and Its Satellites, 1956-1970s The Consumer Society Religious Reform Disillusionment with Democracy and Consumerism The Student Revolt The 1960s in the East The End of the Postwar Economic Miracle Conclusion: A European Continent Reshaped Writing History: Using parallelism to make complex ideas easier to read, easier to remember, and easier to believe Chapter 14: Economic Dilemmas, European Unity, and the Collapse of Communism, 1970-2010 Biography: Mikhail Gorbachev Stagnation and Decline: the 1970s Stagflation Immigration and the Mounting Hostility to Workers from Abroad Fixing Stagflation The Politics of Terror The New Democracy in Greece, Portugal, and Spain New Political Movements: Feminism, Gay Rights, and Environmentalism Dissent and Decline in Eastern Europe The Helsinki Accords Economic Stagnation in the East The Collapse of Communism Gorbachev's Dramatic Reforms 1989: The End of Communism in Eastern Europe European Unification and Its Discontents The Break-up of the Soviet Union The Violent Collapse of Yugoslavia The Challenges of Post-Communism German Reunification The Transformation in Eastern Europe and Russia Conclusion: A Fragile European Unity Writing History: Using coordination and subordination to find and fix common punctuation mistakes Epilogue: Europe in the 21st Century Biography: Ayaan Hirsi Ali The New Terrorism in Europe Islam and the Russian Federation Russian Interventions in the Former Soviet Union The Crisis of the Eurozone

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