Water quality : an introduction

著者

• Boyd, Claude E.

書誌事項

Water quality : an introduction

Claude E. Boyd

Springer, c2020

3rd ed

注記

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

This volume is of great importance to humans and other living organisms. The study of water quality draws information from a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology, mathematics, physics, engineering, and resource management. University training in water quality is often limited to specialized courses in engineering, ecology, and fisheries curricula. This book also offers a basic understanding of water quality to professionals who are not formally trained in the subject. The revised third edition updates and expands the discussion, and incorporates additional figures and illustrative problems. Improvements include a new chapter on basic chemistry, a more comprehensive chapter on hydrology, and an updated chapter on regulations and standards. Because it employs only first-year college-level chemistry and very basic physics, the book is well-suited as the foundation for a general introductory course in water quality. It is equally useful as a guide for self-study and an in-depth resource for general readers.

目次

Chapter 1 Physical Properties of Water Introduction The Water Molecule Structure Dipolar nature Size Properties of Water Thermal characteristics Vapor pressure Density Surface phenomena Viscosity Elasticity and compressibility Water pressure Dielectric constant Conductivity Transparency Conclusions References Chapter 2 An Overview of Hydrology Introduction The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Measurement Rainfall Measurement Soil Water Groundwater Runoff and Streams Lakes, Reservoirs, and Ponds Wetlands Water Measurements Overland flow Stream flow Volumes of water bodies Water Budgets and chemical mass balance Oceans and Estuaries Conclusions References Chapter 3 Water Temperature (new chapter) Introduction Energy, Heat, and Temperature Solar Radiation and Heating Heat Transfer in Water bodies Stream Temperatures Lakes, Reservoirs, and Ponds Thermal Stratification Heat budgets Thermal stratification process Patterns of lake stratification Stratification in ponds Ice cover Effects of water quality Temperature in Water Quality Physical aspects Chemical reactions Biological processes Conclusions References Chapter 4 Dissolved Solids Introduction Dissolved Solids and Their Measurement Dissolved or suspended - particle sizes Major cations and anions Total dissolved solids Total dissolved organic matter Salinity Specific conductance Alkalinity and hardness Cation-Anion Balance Accuracy checks Concentrations of Major Ions in Natural Waters Rainwater Inland surface water Groundwater Coastal and ocean water Minor Ions and Other Solutes Relative Abundances of Elements Total Dissolved Solids and Colligative Properties Vapor pressure Freezing and boiling points Osmotic pressure Removal of Dissolved Solids Ion exchange Activated carbon Desalination Conclusions References Chapter 5 Particulate Matter, Color, Turbidity, and Light Introduction Suspended Particles Sources Settling characteristics Colloidal particles Humic Substances and Color Turbidity and Light Penetration Assessment of Turbidity and Color Direct turbidity measurement Suspended solids Settleable solids Secchi disk Color Visual Aspects of Water Bodies Suspended Solids Removal Water shed protection Sedimentation basins Coagulation Filtration Conclusions References Chapter 6 Dissolved Oxygen and Other Gases Introduction Atmospheric Pressure Gas Solubility Partial pressure Henry's law constant and Bunsen coefficient Weight of air in water Use of gas solubility tables Percentage saturation and oxyen tension The P Gas Transfer Stream re-aeration Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Respiration Conclusions References Chapter 7 Redox Potential No changes in outline. Chapter 8 pH, Carbon Dioxide, and Alkalinity Introduction pH The concept Calculations pH of natural waters Carbon Dioxide Total Alkalinity Measurement of alkalinity Sources of alkalinity Comments on alkalinity equilibria Buffering Alkalinity of Natural Waters Effects on Aquatic Life and Water use pH Carbon dioxide Alkalinity Conclusions References Chapter 9 Acidity (new chapter) Information Definition of Acidity Measurement of Acidity Sources of Mineral Acidity in Surface Waters Acid-sulfate soils Acidic, atmospheric deposition Acidic mine drainage Effects of Mineral Acidity on Water Quality Water quality Mitigation of Mineral Acidity Conclusions References Chapter 10 Total Hardness No changes in outline. Chapter 11 Microorganisms, Macrophytes, and Water Quality Introduction Bacteria Nutrients Growth Aerobic respiration Oxygen stoichiometry in aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Environmental effects on bacterial growth Estimating bacterial abundance Sediment Respiration Phytoplankton Biology Photosynthesis Biochemical assimilation Factors controlling phytoplankton growth Estimating phytoplankton abundance Effects of phytoplankton on water quality Measuring Photosynthesis and Respiration The Compensation Depth Harmful Algae Aquatic Macrophytes Communities Interactions with phytoplankton Effects on water quality Carbon and Oxygen Cycle Conclusions References Chapter 12 Nitrogen No changes in outline. Chapter 13 Phosphorus Introduction Phosphorus in Aquatic Ecosystems Phosphorus Chemistry Dissociation of orthophosphoric acid Phosphorus-sediment reactions Organic Phosphorus Analytical Considerations Phosphorus Dynamics Concentrations in water Plant uptake Exchange between water and sediment Conclusions References Chapter 14 Eutrophication (new chapter) Introduction The Eutrophication Process Natural causes Anthropogenic causes Nitrogen, phosphorus and eutrophication Critical nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations The tipping point Lake eutrophication Stream eutrophication Climate change and eutrophication Effects of Eutrophication Water quality Aquatic communities Water use Health aspects Eutrophication Control Reduction in inputs Nutrient removal Prospects for future Conclusions References Chapter 15 Sulfur Introduction The Sulfur Cycle Sulfur Transformations Plant uptake and mineralization Oxidations Reductions Sulfide Sulfur Concentrations Conclusions References Chapter 16 Micronutrients and Other Trace Elements No changes in outline. Chapter 17 Water Supply (new chapter) Introduction The World's Water Available and Sustainable Freshwater The water footprint Domestic Water Use Human water requirements Water quality and human health Bottled water Industrial Water Use Agricultural Water Use Plant crops Livestock Food processing Ecosystem Water Requirements Water levels Water flow Water quality Water Bodies for Landscape and Recreational Purposes Water Shortages: Future Prospects Conclusions References Chapter 18 Water Pollution Introduction Overview of Water Pollution Inorganic Solids and Turbidity Organic Pollution Biochemical Oxygen Demand Nutrient Pollution Toxins Biological Pollution Groundwater Pollution Wetland Destruction Pollution Control Contamination by Pharmaceuticals Thermal Discharges Conclusions References Chapter 19 Water Quality Regulations

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BB29289979
• ISBN:
  • 9783030233341
• 出版国コード: sz
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Cham
• ページ数/冊数: x, 440 p.
• 大きさ: 25 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : TD370
  • DC23 : 628.1/6
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Water quality