Shadow wars : the secret struggle for the Middle East

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書誌事項

Shadow wars : the secret struggle for the Middle East

Christopher Davidson

Oneworld, 2017, c2016

  • : pbk

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

In this unparalleled investigation, Christopher Davidson exposes the true extent of Western interference in the Middle East over the past one hundred years. Drawing on the examination of hundreds of leaked and declassified documents, and interviews with former officials, academics, journalists and activists, he shows how the region's most powerful actors have been manipulated by foreign players in a game that has given rise to dictators, sectarian wars, bloody counter-revolutions and the most brutal incarnation of extremism ever seen.

目次

Introduction 1 Counter-revolution - A Pattern Emerges Lessons from the past - nothing is new Lessons from the past - the preventive counter-revolutions Britain's hungry empire The threat from Arab nationalism Trouble on the Arabian Peninsula - revolution reaches Yemen The contagion spreads - the Sultanate of Oman The smaller sheikhdoms - preventive measures 2 Cold War, Oil War - America Takes Over America's even hungrier empire America's global counter-revolution America's Middle East - special treatment for a special case Removing the rivals - Iranian democracy Removing the rivals - taking on the Arabs Strengthening the status quo - the arms trade Strengthening the status quo - military bases Strengthening the status quo - mercenaries 3 The Road to al-Qaeda - The CIA's Baby Searching for an Islamic state - Britain's caliphate Searching for an Islamic state - Wahhabism and the Muslim Brotherhood Mobilizing jihad - the case of Afghanistan Operation Cyclone - Anglo-American jihad Foreign fighters, foreign cash The Islamic Republic of Iran - a secret relationship 4 Allied to Jihad - Useful Idiots The Taliban - America's new ally Keeping bin Laden on board The war against Serbia - Bosnian jihad The war against Serbia - Kosovan jihad The Libyan Islamic Fighting Group - Britain's new ally The road to 9/11 - managing blowback 9/11 - saving Saudi Arabia 9/11 - protecting the funding networks The fake 'War on Terror' - Afghanistan The fake 'War on Terror' - Iraq 5 The Arab Spring - A System Threatened A new challenge, a new hope The road to 2011 - regimes in decay Tunisia - the Jasmine Revolution Egypt - the Republic of Tahrir Yemen - revolution in Arabia Breaking the fear barrier - a chance for cosmopolitanism The economic storm - enter neo-liberalism The economic storm - the rise of crony capitalism The economic storm - the rise of Gulf capitalism From modernizing Arabs to revolutionary Arabs Cosmopolitan communications - from satellites to social media 6 Plan 'A' - Islamists Versus the Deep State The need for counter-revolution Egypt - back to the Brotherhood Egypt - an uneasy alliance Egypt - military dictatorship Egypt - 'Sisi mania' Egypt - the Qatar connection Egypt - Saudi Arabia takes on the Brotherhood Tunisia - under pressure Tunisia - sleepwalking to counter-revolution Yemen - outmanoeuvring the Arab Spring Bahrain - the forgotten revolution 7 Plan 'B' - A Fake Arab Spring Containable protests Axis against axis - faking the Arab Spring Libya - Gaddafi's strange regime Libya - flirting with neo-liberalism Libya - not so supplicant Libya - the uprising Libya - subverting the National Transitional Council Libya - NATO takes action Libya - an international crime Libya - the scramble for assets Libya - a role for al-Qaeda Libya - searching for a Sisi Syria - parallel plans Syria - the uprising begins Syria - preparing for intervention Syria - enter the proxies Syria - arming the rebels Syria - searching for the 'red line' Syria - back to the battlefield Syria - the media war Yemen - a painful intervention Yemen - bringing back al-Qaeda 8 Enter the Islamic State - A Phantom Menace Al-Qaeda's limits The need for 'national jihadists' Iraq - the incubation chamber Iraq - the emerging Islamic State Iraq - the proto-caliphate The Islamic State - mysterious new leadership The Islamic State - a persuasive ideology Opportunities in Syria Expansion in Iraq The caliphate restored The resurrection of Saddam Hussein 'Remaining and expanding' - services and recruitment 'Remaining and expanding' - masters of propaganda 9 The Islamic State - A Strategic Asset Qui bono - to whose profit? The manufacturing of evil - the new bogeyman The business of evil - a history of cashing in The business of evil - the arms industry bonanza Surprise, surprise - the Islamic State came from nowhere The strangest road to war A campaign of contradictions Explaining failure - the official line Suspicions mount - challenging the narrative Follow the money - the self-funding narrative Follow the money - the Islamic State's funders Funders need facilitators - the role of Turkey 10 The Islamic State - A Gift That Keeps Giving The return of the 'War on Terror' The Islamic State in Libya The Islamic State in Yemen The fight for Mali Boko Haram - Nigeria under attack Boko Haram - the shift to the Islamic State Boko Haram - generous sponsors Boko Haram - delivering results Beyond Panetta - other pledges to the Islamic State Russia and China - superpower implications Epilogue - Keeping the Wheel Turning Getting business back to usual The exploitation of Egypt Wild card number one - opening up Iran A new Iran, a new sectarian war Wild card number two - American oil A new Saudi Arabia, a new chapter Notes Index

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