Transition in power : technological "warfare" and the shift from British to American hegemony since 1919
著者
書誌事項
Transition in power : technological "warfare" and the shift from British to American hegemony since 1919
Lexington Books, c2018
- : cloth
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注記
Summary: "The hegemonic transition between British world power and American was the most drawn-out in the history of the world-system, starting in 1861. After 1919, America competed successfully with Britain in three main technological arenas: international transportation, international communication, and petroleum"-- Provided by publisher
Bibliography: p. 293-311
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Hegemonic transitions are never clear, and they usually emerge from a period of multi-polarity in the world-system. Two types of state tend to contend for power: trading states and territorial states, although most states are never "pure" and tend to contain within them multiple polities with different agendas. This book describes the hegemonic transition between two major trading states, Britain and America. British decline began in the late Victorian era, but the transition to American power was slow, and other states also sought hegemony. Transitions between trading states focus on economic struggle, though struggles between trading and territorial states and between territorial states are marked by armed conflict. In 1919 President Woodrow Wilson saw three arenas of competition developing between Britain and America: in international transportation, international communication, and petroleum. But Britain was challenged economically by America as early as 1861 via the Morrill Tariff, her economic hegemony was gone by the 1880s, and she was "defeated" by 1947. From the 1880s on both America and Germany sought to replace Britain as hegemonic power not only through their implementation of protectionist economic policies, but also through the adoption of revised versions of the world-economy, through new technologies, and, in the case of Germany, military power. Britain struggled to stay in place. Britain's world-economy was that of a pure trading state. Maritime trade in organic materials was organized through global capitalism and control over submarine cable telecommunications rather than territorial possession. America's rise was greatly helped by being a capitalist power in possession of a secure territorial base in the mid-section of the North American continent, but America suffered from multiple polities competing for power, with the South particularly problematic. Germany developed a radically new world-economy that synthesized resources using organic chemistry. German science and technology began to diffuse to American corporate laboratories before World War One. After that war, diffusion to American laboratories and universities was massive and helped secure American hegemony.
目次
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: The Nature of Transition Struggles and the Background to the Anglo-American Struggle
Chapter 2: The Struggle over the Evolution of the Military and Merchant Marines
Chapter 3: The Struggle over Air Power and Technology
Chapter 4: The Struggle over Telecommunications
Chapter 5: The Struggle over Broadcasting
Chapter 6: The Oil War: The Struggle to Control the Middle Eastern Oil Spigot after World War One
Chapter 7: Multi-polarity to Hegemony. The switch from British to American hegemony through Australian eyes
Conclusion
Bibliography
About the Author
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