Understanding fever and body temperature : a cross-disciplinary approach to clinical practice
著者
書誌事項
Understanding fever and body temperature : a cross-disciplinary approach to clinical practice
Palgrave Macmillan, 2020
- pbk.
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注記
Originally published: 2019
Print on demand edition
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This book covers several areas, such as immunology, infectious diseases, physiology, general nursing, and medicine as well as measurement accuracy and the history of our understanding of fever. This book employs an interdisciplinary approach to exploring our concept of body temperature and specifically fever. The present volume revolves around thermometry, taking the reader on a journey from the past to the present. Yet while the emphasis is on the clinical importance of obtaining accurate, quantitative measurements of body temperature, the reader is also introduced to the most recent clinical work on the subject. This book represents a truly cross-disciplinary collaboration, using evidence-based practice to integrate physiological and immunological knowledge. The authors' intention with this volume is to help readers gain better insight into the importance of using knowledge from different disciplines to develop an appreciation of the different aspects of body temperature. In addition, the reader will come to understand the concept of fever in a broader perspective than is traditionally adopted.
目次
Table of Contents.About the Authors.Foreword.Acknowledgements.Chapter 1: Introduction to Understanding Fever and Body Temperature.Chapter 2: History of Body Temperature.Ancient times-An Imbalance in Bodily FluidsSeventeenth Century-Accumulations of Waste Products and FermentationEighteenth Century-Thermoregulation and the Natural Phases of FeverNineteenth Century-Medical Thermometers and "Fever Hospitals"Twentieth Century-A Scientific Approach to Fever, Microorganisms, and ThermoregulationTwenty-First Century-Interventions in Fever-Has Anything Changed?HypothermiaReflectionsReferencesChapter 3: History of the Thermometer.ThermoscopyThe ThermometerThe Fahrenheit ScaleThe Centigrade ScaleThe Kelvin ScaleThermocouplesTympanic Membrane RadiometryClinical ThermometryThe Clinical ThermometerNon-Contact Temperature MeasurementReflectionsReferencesChapter 4: Technical Accuracy.CalibrationTraceability, Accreditation, ITS-90 and StandardsClinical ThermometersGeneral Principles of OperationOther Factors Affecting MeasurementTypes of ThermometersReflectionsReferencesChapter 5: Thermoregulation of the Human Body.Heat Production and Heat LossHeat TransferRadiationConductionConvectionEvaporationPhysiology of ThermoregulationThermoreceptorsSet Point or Thermoeffector Threshold ZoneHow to Maintain Normal Body TemperatureCardio Vascular SystemSudomotor ControlMetabolismFactors Affecting Body TemperatureAge and Gender DifferencesAlterations in Body Temperature-Hyperthermia and HypothermiaReflectionsGeneral ReferencesSpecific ReferencesChapter 6: Physiological and Immunological Activity.Physiological and Immunological Function of the Immune SystemInflammatory Activity Within InfectionsCells of the Immune SystemCells in the Innate Immune SystemCells in the Adaptive Immune SystemImmunoglobulinsCytokinesPro-Inflammatory CytokinesCytonkines as REgulatros of Lymphocyte Activation, Growth, and DifferentiationAnti-Inflammatory CytokinesCytokines with Both Pro-Inflammation and Anti-Inflammation ActivityImmunological Activity During PregnancyThe Competent SystemAcute Phase ProteinsPyrogenic ActivityFever PhasesReflectionsGeneral ReferencesSpecific ReferencesChapter 7: Assessment and Evaluation of Body Temperature.Normal Body TemperatureDifferences Between IndividualsGenderAgeDifferences within Individuals-Temperature Gradients Within the BodyMeasurement of Body TemperatureSite of Measurement The Rectal Site The Oral Site The Auxillary Site The Ear Site The Temporal Artery Site (Forehead)ReflectionsReferencesChapter 8: Physiological and Inflammatory Activity in Various Conditions.HypersensitivityAutoimmune DiseasesAutoinflammatory DiseasesImmunodeficiencyMalignanciesMetabolic and Endocrine DisorderDiabetesAtherosclerosisInflammation and PainTrauma, Neurodegenerative Disorders and Post-Operative Conditions Following SurgeryInflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory DrugsReflectionsGeneral ReferencesSpecific ReferencesChapter 9: Clinical Implications.The Adaptive Value of Elevated Body TemperaturePerceptions of FeverFever and Symptoms of IllnessAntipyresisAntipyreticsPhysical AnipyresisShiveringFever in the Critically IllFever in Frail, Elderly IndividualsFever in Children Antipyresis in ChildrenFebrile SeizuresHyperthermiaHypothermiaTherapeutic HypothermiaPractical Guidelines when Assessing Body TemperatureReflectionsSpecific ReferencesChapter 10: Conclusions.Index.
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