Probable justice : risk, insurance, and the welfare state

著者

    • Friedman, Rachel Z.

書誌事項

Probable justice : risk, insurance, and the welfare state

Rachel Z. Friedman

University of Chicago Press, 2020

  • : cloth

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内容説明・目次

内容説明

Decades into its existence as a foundational aspect of modern political and economic life, the welfare state has become a political cudgel, used to assign blame for ballooning national debt and tout the need for personal responsibility. At the same time, it affects nearly every citizen and permeates daily life--in the form of pension, disability, and unemployment benefits, healthcare and parental leave policies, and more. At the core of that disjunction is the question of how we as a society decide who should get what benefits--and how much we are willing to pay to do so. Probable Justice traces a history of social insurance from the eighteenth century to today, from the earliest ideas of social accountability through the advanced welfare state of collective responsibility and risk. At the heart of Rachel Z. Friedman's investigation is a study of how probability theory allows social insurance systems to flexibly measure risk and distribute coverage. The political genius of social insurance, Friedman shows, is that it allows for various accommodations of needs, risks, financing, and political aims--and thereby promotes security and fairness for citizens of liberal democracies.

目次

Introduction  Chapter 1: The Origins of Risk and the Growth of Insurance   Insurance: A Brief Primer   The Early History of Modern Insurance   Probability Theory and the Doctrine of Aleatory Contracts   Life Insurance and Probabilistic Justice   Chapter 2: Probabilistic Justice and the Beginnings of Social Insurance   Precursors to Social Insurance   The First Social Insurance Plans: Mutual Insurance Writ Large   Chapter 3: The Promise of Probability   The Practical Aims of Late-Classical Probability   Between Individual Choice and Social Responsibility   Social Insurance in Theory and in Practice   Chapter 4: The Collectivization of Risk and the Early Welfare States   The Rise of the Collective View of Chance   Risk in the Early Welfare States   Chapter 5: The Egalitarian Welfare State and the Ambiguities of Insurance   The Egalitarian Welfare State Emerges   Subjective Probability and the Personalization of Chance   The Egalitarian Welfare State without Probability   The Fate of Social Insurance in the Twentieth Century and Beyond   Conclusion  Acknowledgments   Notes   Index

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