Mass housing : modern architecture and state power - a global history

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Mass housing : modern architecture and state power - a global history

Miles Glendinning

Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2021

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [631]-640) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Shortlisted for the Alice Davis Hitchcock Medallion 2021 (The Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain) "It will become the standard work on the subject." Literary Review This major work provides the first comprehensive history of one of modernism’s most defining and controversial architectural legacies: the 20th-century drive to provide ‘homes for the people’. Vast programmes of mass housing – high-rise, low-rise, state-funded, and built in the modernist style – became a truly global phenomenon, leaving a legacy which has suffered waves of disillusionment in the West but which is now seeing a dramatic, 21st-century renaissance in the booming, crowded cities of East Asia. Providing a global approach to the history of Modernist mass-housing production, this authoritative study combines architectural history with the broader social, political, cultural aspects of mass housing – particularly the ‘mass’ politics of power and state-building throughout the 20th century. Exploring the relationship between built form, ideology, and political intervention, it shows how mass housing not only reflected the transnational ideals of the Modernist project, but also became a central legitimizing pillar of nation-states worldwide. In a compelling narrative which likens the spread of mass housing to a ‘Hundred Years War’ of successive campaigns and retreats, it traces the history around the globe from Europe via the USA, Soviet Union and a network of international outposts, to its ultimate, optimistic resurgence in China and the East – where it asks: Are we facing a new dawn for mass housing, or another ‘great housing failure’ in the making?

目次

List of Illustrations Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION Cuius regio, eius religio – the multiple modernities of housing Mass housing – spearhead of radical modernisation Methodological challenges and constraints: balancing narrative and geography PART A: MID 19th-CENTURY TO 1945 - The gathering storm 1. Pre-1914: The Long Mobilisation Mid 19th-century innovators and experiments Late 19th- early 20th century ideologies: public housing and arm’s length building The dual market: working-class tenements and middle-class apartments in North America Housing and colonialism: building for rulers or the ruled? The upsurge in emergencies: 1905-1914 2. 1914-1945 The maturing of mass housing in the age of emergencies Systematisation and individualism: the emergence of modern mass housing World War I: war socialism and rent control The Hare and the Tortoise: municipal housing in ‘Red Vienna’ and Britain Continental permutations in the 1920s Totalitarian housing visions in the Great Depression Democratic housing systems of the 1930s Interwar Latin America and the colonies World War II – The globalisation of emergency PART B: 1945-1989 - The ‘Three Worlds’ of postwar mass housing 3. Postwar mass housing: an introductory overview First World, Second World, Third World International modernism: from global to local 4. Housing by Authority – post-war state interventions in the ‘Anglosphere’ Red scares, race scares – the brief heyday and long retreat of US public housing New York City – the monumental exception Local trajectories of renewal and decline Canada: government intervention and the revival of renting ‘Big Daddy’ and mass housing in Metro Toronto New Zealand and Australia Commonwealth and state: the CSHA High flats and slum reclamation in Victoria and New South Wales 5. Council Powers: postwar public housing in Britain and Ireland Central and municipal Postwar housing design in England Slum clearance, planning and the ‘land-trap’ Financing and organising high flats in the ‘sixties London and the English cities Scotland: the legacy of ‘Red Clydeside’ Island diversity: Ireland and the Channel Islands 6. France: the Trente Glorieuses of mass housing 1945-55 – A hesitant revival SCIC, SCET and the état planificateur ‘Le hard french’: the housing legacy of Perret 1955-75: ‘grands ensembles’ and the industrialisation of national grandeur 7. The Low Countries – pillars of modern mass housing Socialist skyscrapers versus Catholic cottages: postwar housing in Belgium The Netherlands: planned housing and ‘polder politics’ Standardisation and galerijbouw: postwar Dutch housing design 8.Stability and Continuity: West Germany and the alpine countries Tenure-neutral building in Switzerland and Austria West Germany: the housing of soziale Marktwirtschaft ‘Wohnungen, Wohnungen und nochmals Wohnungen’ - Neue Heimat and 1950s-70s production 9. The Nordic countries – social versus individual? Building the ‘Folkhem’ – housing and Social Democracy in Sweden Denmark: modernisation through quiet quality Finland, Norway and Iceland – mass housing for the individual 10. Southern Europe – social housing for kinship societies The progressive South: postwar housing in Italy and Malta INA-Casa: the Christian Democratic housing vision Left Turn? 1960s-70s ‘comprehensive’ planning in Italy The conservative South: postwar housing in Spain, Portugal, Greece and Turkey Conclusion: First World housing in summary 11. The USSR: Developed Socialism and Extensive Urbanism ‘Quickly, Cheaply and Well’ – Soviet housing under Khrushchev and Brezhnev The curate’s egg – national and local housing production in the postwar Soviet Union Order out of chaos? central and private-sector initiatives Monumentality and space in postwar Soviet housing SNiP and DSK – standardisation and industrialisation Taming the colossus: towards ‘complexity’ and ‘flexibility’ A brotherly mosaic – regionalist housing in the USSR Tashkent – model Soviet city Soviet housing in the perestroika years 12. A quarrelsome family: the European socialist states The satellite bloc: from dissidence to decomposition The diversity of socialist standardisation Socialist outliers: European divergences from the Soviet model The ‘Ongoing Revolution’ – self-management and monumentality in Yugoslavia Novi Beograd – epicentre of decentralism Late socialist cluster-developments across the Yugoslav republics 13. Socialist Eastern Asia: mass housing and the Sino-Soviet split Danwei: fragmentation and austerity in Chinese socialist housing From the Great Leap Forward to the Cultural Revolution: austerity and anarchy ‘Soviet’ Asia: Mongolia and North Vietnam Building at ‘Pyongyang speed’: housing in Juche Korea Conclusion: Second World housing in summary 14. Latin America – chameleon continent Mass housing and the politics of charismatic leadership, 1945-1964 Housing as social security: pre-1964 Brazil 1960s Cold-War housing politics in Latin America Order and Progress? Post-1964 housing in Brazil, Argentina and Chile 15. Echoes of empire – postwar housing in the Middle East, South Asia and Africa The Middle East: decolonisation and development Israel: creating a ‘new geography’ through public housing India and South Asia: building on colonial bureaucracy Capital colonies: post-independence Delhi Bombay/Mumbai and MHADA: pressure-cooker building Sub-Saharan Africa: colonialism’s last stand ‘Progressive’ housing decolonisation in francophone Africa Divide and rule? Segregation and mass housing in ‘British’ Africa South Africa: segregated housing in a siege society 6. From Third World to First World: mass housing in capitalist Eastern Asia Towards the developmental state – postwar housing in Japan Housing the ’Asian Tigers’ ‘Housing Gangnam-style’: South Korea’s tanji revolution Hong Kong and Singapore – a study in sibling rivalry Shek Kip Mei and Bukit Ho Swee: from resettlement to home-ownership Race to the Top: HDB and HKHA architecture First cousin: Macau PART C: 1989 TO THE PRESENT - Retrenchment and renewal 17. Resilience and renewal: mass housing into the 21st century Introduction The aftermath: mass housing at bay in the former First and Second Worlds Residual mass housing in the Global South 18. Race to the top: the new Asian developmentalism TOKi and AKP Turkey Developmental Eastern Asia into the 21st century Building for the ‘Mass Line’: social housing in 21st-century China 19. Conclusion: global and national, idealism and realpolitik Index

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