CiNii 図書 - American politics and society

Provides an up-to-date introduction and analysis of the US political scene written from a comparative perspective, newly revised and updated throughout American Politics and Society in an accessible introduction to the main institutions of the US federal government, discussing the most recent developments in broader economic, social, and comparative contexts. Now in its tenth edition, this popular textbook applies an international perspective to the relevance of historical trends, research findings in political science, and present-day governmental procedures, structures, and debates. Acclaimed author David McKay guides students through the complexities of the American political system while encouraging them to evaluate the widening ideological divide that now defines American political life and public discourse. Since the publication of the previous edition, America has undergone some of the most dramatic events in its history-from the COVID-19 pandemic, to the widespread protests against racial and economic injustice, to the aggressive populist rhetoric of Donald Trump, to the bitterly contested 2020 presidential election that culminated in the violent assault on the US Capitol. In this edition, the author addresses the escalating ideological conflict, the rise of extremism in the Republican Party, arguments over the proper role of government, the public's expectations of politicians and political processes, and more. Offering valuable insights into both the social-political past and present of America, this classic textbook: Examines the policy process in such areas as civil rights, social policy, economic policy, the environment, and foreign policy Evaluates the performance of US government over the last decade and audits the broader American political system Encourages students to critically assess the US government in areas of democratic responsiveness and public accountability Compares international social-political perspectives to those that are uniquely American Discusses of the role of beliefs and values in American politics and how they influence broader society and economy Thanks to its clear and engaging narrative and its wealth of pedagogical features, American Politics and Society, Tenth Edition remains the ideal introductory textbook for courses exploring the institutions and processes of the US government and the most important events in the current American social and political landscape.

List of Plates xii List of Figures xiv List of Tables xvii Preface to the Tenth Edition xviii 1 Governing in a Polarized Society 1 Chapters to Come 5 Glossary 5 2 Beliefs, Values and American Society 6 The Nature of American Beliefs and Values 7 Values and American Society 17 Controversy 2.1. Immigration: The Changing Nature of the Debate 23 Controversy 2.2. How Classless is American Society? 26 Controversy 2.3. Americans' Ambivalent View of Government and Taxes 27 Social Structure 27 Summary 38 Questions for Discussion 38 Glossary 38 Notes 39 Further Reading 40 3 Constitutional Government 41 Origins 42 The American Constitution 46 Biographies. Hamilton and Madison 52 Ratification 52 The Adaptive Constitution 54 Controversy 3.1. How Democratic is the Constitution? 58 Assessing the Constitution 59 Summary 60 Questions for Discussion 61 Glossary 61 Notes 62 Further Reading 62 4 Federalism: Cooperation and Conflict 63 Federalism in Theory and Practice 64 The Evolution of American Federalism 68 The Changing Federal Role 70 Controversy 4.1. Federal versus State Power 72 Briefing 4.1. US Federalism in Comparative Perspective 75 A Changing Court Role? 80 The Future of American Federalism 82 Summary 84 Questions for Discussion 84 Glossary 84 Notes 86 Further Reading 86 5 American Political Parties: Polarization and Conflict 87 The Functions of Parties 88 Briefing 5.1. Why Only Two Parties in the US? 93 Crisis and Change in the American Party System 94 The Decline and Rise of Political Parties 100 Biographies: Lee Atwater and Karl Rove - Republican Party 'Heavies' 102 Changing Party Ideology: 1970-2021 102 Explaining Party Change 105 Briefing 5.2. Populism and American Political Parties 106 Stronger but More Polarized Parties 107 Briefing 5.3. The Tea Party Movement and its Legacy 108 Summary 109 Questions for Discussion 109 Glossary 109 Notes 110 Further Reading 111 6 Elections and Political Participation 112 Patterns of American Electoral Behaviour 114 The 'American Voter' Model and the New Deal Coalition 122 The Decline of the New Deal Coalition and the Rise of a Divided Electorate 124 Controversy 6.1. Non-voting: Does it Matter? 127 Controversy 6.2. Are American Elections Corrupt? 128 Controversy 6.3. Does the Decline in Social Capital Matter? 133 Non-Electoral Political Participation 134 Summary 139 Questions for Discussion 139 Glossary 139 Notes 140 Further Reading 141 7 The Media and American Politics 142 Media Structure and Organization 143 Organization and Ownership 144 How Biased? The Media and the Political Agenda 146 Biography. The Rise and Fall of Roger Ailes Creator of the Fox News Network 150 Controversy 7.1. Legitimizing the Conservative Right? The Role of Real Clear Politics 152 Controversy 7.2. How Biased Are Television, Radio and the Electronic Media? 152 Controlling the Media 153 The Media and American Democracy 154 Summary 155 Questions for Discussion 156 Glossary 156 Notes 156 Further Reading 157 8 Congress I: The People's Branch? 158 Representation and Congress 160 Briefing 8.1. Forms of Representation 162 Congressional Elections 163 Legislators as Rational Actors 170 Biography. Jim Jordan: Freedom Caucus Firebrand 172 The Work of Members of Congress 175 Conclusions 177 Summary 178 Questions for Discussion 178 Glossary 179 Notes 179 Further Reading 180 9 Congress II: Functions and Powers - The Broken Branch? 181 The Functions of Congress 182 The Structure of Power in Congress 183 Congress Under Fire 191 Biography. Jack Abramoff: Master Lobbyist and Convicted Felon 201 Controversy 9.1. Divided Government: For and Against 201 Biography. Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez (AOC) and the 'Squad' 202 Reform and Change in Congress 202 Is Congress the 'Broken Branch'? 207 Summary 208 Questions for Discussion 208 Glossary 209 Notes 210 Further Reading 210 10 The Presidency I: Powers and Selection 211 Formal Sources of Power 212 Briefing 10.1. The American Presidency: A Unitary Institution 214 Informal Powers 215 Presidential Selection 217 Controversy 10.1. Primaries: For and Against 220 Briefing 10.2. The Role of Money 222 Presidential Selection: Faults and Foibles 228 Summary 230 Questions for Discussion 230 Glossary 230 Notes 231 Further Reading 231 11 The Presidency II: The President as Chief Executive 232 The Presidency in a Changing America 233 Presidential Abuse of Power and the Congressional Response 238 Presidential Resources 241 Biography. Steve Bannon: Political Strategist and Crisis Junkie 244 Briefing 11.1. Organizing the White House 245 Assessing the Presidency: Presidential Power at Home and Abroad 253 Summary 255 Questions for Discussion 255 Glossary 255 Notes 256 Further Reading 256 12 Bureaucratic Power: Federal Departments and Agencies 258 The Federal Bureaucracy: Organization and Function 260 Controversy 12.1. Privatization: For and Against 265 The Bureaucracy: How Uncontrollable? 266 The Inherent Power of Bureaucracy 266 The Bureaucratic Hydra: A Uniquely American Phenomenon? 268 Reform Attempts 271 Concluding Remarks 275 Summary 276 Questions for Discussion 276 Glossary 277 Notes 278 Further Reading 278 13 The Security State 279 The Rise of the Security State 280 9/11, the Patriot Act and the Department of Homeland Security 282 Briefing 13.1. The Department of Homeland Security and the Culture of Threat 284 Threats to Civil Liberties 285 Trump and the Security State 287 The Security State and American Values 289 Summary 291 Questions for Discussion 291 Glossary 291 Notes 292 Further Reading 292 14 Organized Interests: The Real Power? 293 Interests, Groups and Lobbyists 295 Economic Groups 297 Briefing 14.1. The Enron Collapse and Crony Capitalism 298 Controversy 14.1. Do the Bankruptcy Laws Damage Workers' Rights? 299 Professional Groups 303 Promotional Groups 305 Political Action Committees 307 The Washington Lobby 309 Interest Groups: For and Against 309 Summary 313 Questions for Discussion 313 Glossary 313 Notes 314 Further Reading 315 15 The Supreme Court and Judicial Politics 316 The American Legal System 318 The Supreme Court: Decision Making 321 The Supreme Court and Political Power 326 Controversy 15.1. The Supreme Court: An Active or a Passive Role? 333 Briefing 15.1. The Supreme Court and the Guantanamo Bay Detainees 338 The Polarized Rehnquist and Roberts Courts 339 Conclusions: The Court and American Democracy 343 Summary 344 Questions for Discussion 344 Glossary 345 Notes 346 Further Reading 346 16 Regulating Morality: Civil Rights, Liberties and the Conscience Issues 347 Introduction 348 Regulating Public Morality 348 Civil Liberties 349 Controversy 16.1. What's So Wrong with Gun Control? 356 Briefing 16.1. Abortion and American Politics 357 Equality and Civil Rights 358 Briefing 16.2. Federalism and Same-Sex Marriage 364 Conclusions 364 Summary 365 Questions for Discussion 365 Glossary 366 Note 367 Further Reading 367 17 Social Policy in America: Self-Reliance and State Dependence 368 The Federal Government and Social Welfare in America: The Reluctant Provider 369 Federalism 371 Social Security, Medicare and the Electoral Connection 372 The Continuing Importance of Self-reliance 374 Briefing 17.1. Why was Health Care So Hard to Reform? 374 Health-care Reforms 375 The Federal Government and Education 377 Conclusions 378 Summary 379 Questions for Discussion 379 Glossary 380 Further Reading 380 18 Managing Economic Change 381 State and Economy in the United States 382 Ideology and Economic Policy 384 Controversy 18.1. Foreign Economic Policy and Trumps America First Policy 387 Institutions and Economic Policy 388 Briefing 18.1. Institutional Sclerosis and the Budget, 2011-2013 391 Briefing 18.2. The Great Housing Crash, 2007-2012 397 Conclusions: Economic Policy in an Age of Uncertainty 398 Summary 399 Questions for Discussion 399 Glossary 399 Further Reading 400 19 Environmental Politics 401 Background 402 The Emerging Environmental Agenda 402 Controversy 19.1. International Cooperation on Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Treaty on Climate Change 405 Policy Actors and Institution 406 Chronology 411 Political Parties and the Environment 413 Conclusions: The Future of Environmental Politics 413 Summary 414 Questions for Discussion 414 Glossary 414 Notes 415 Further Reading 415 20 The American World Role 416 The Institutional Context 418 American Foreign Policy in the Post-9/11 World 421 Briefing 20.1. The Rise and Fall of Neoconservatism 426 Conclusions: Bound to Lead or Bound to Fail? 426 Summary 428 Questions for Discussion 428 Glossary 429 Notes 429 Further Reading 430 21 The American Political System in a Divided Society 431 Assessing the American Polity 432 Reform and Renewal 436 Questions for Discussion 438 Glossary 438 Notes 438 Further Reading 438 Websites 439 Glossary 443 Appendix: The Constitution of the United States 455 Index 474

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