Design of highway bridges : an LRFD approach

著者

書誌事項

Design of highway bridges : an LRFD approach

Richard Barker, Jay Puckett

Wiley, c2021

4th ed

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The latest in bridge design and analysis-revised to reflect the eighth edition of the AASHTO LRFD specifications Design of Highway Bridges: An LRFD Approach, 4th Edition, offers up-to-date coverage of engineering fundamentals for the design of short- and medium-span bridges. Fully updated to incorporate the 8th Edition of the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifications, this invaluable resource offers civil engineering students and practitioners a a comprehensive introduction to the latest construction methods and materials in bridge design, including Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC), ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC), and Practical 3D Rigorous Analysis. This updated Fourth Edition offers: Dozens of end-of-chapter worked problems and design examples based on the latest AASHTO LRFD Specifications. Access to a Solutions Manual and multiple bridge plans including cast-in-place, precast concrete, and steel multi-span available on the Instructor's companion website From gaining base knowledge of the AASHTO LRFD specifications to detailed guidance on highway bridge design, Design of Highway Bridges is the one-stop reference for civil engineering students and a key study resource for those seeking engineering licensure through the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exam.

目次

Part I General Aspects of Bridge Design Chapter 1 Introduction To Bridge Engineering 3 1.1 A Bridge Is the Key Element in a Transportation System 3 1.2 Bridge Engineering in the United States 3 1.2.1 Stone Arch Bridges 3 1.2.2 Wooden Bridges 4 1.2.3 Metal Truss Bridges 6 1.2.4 Suspension Bridges 8 1.2.5 Metal Arch Bridges 10 1.2.6 Reinforced Concrete Bridges 12 1.2.7 Girder Bridges 13 1.2.8 Closing Remarks 14 1.3 Bridge Engineer-Planner, Architect, Designer, Constructor, and Facility Manager 15 References 15 Problems 15 Chapter 2 Specifications and Bridge Failures 17 2.1 Bridge Specifications 17 2.2 Implication of Bridge Failures on Practice 18 2.2.1 Silver Bridge, Point Pleasant, West Virginia, December 15, 1967 18 2.2.2 I-5 and I-210 Interchange, San Fernando, California, February 9, 1971 19 2.2.3 Sunshine Skyway, Tampa Bay, Florida, May 9, 1980 21 2.2.4 Mianus River Bridge, Greenwich, Connecticut, June 28, 1983 22 2.2.5 Schoharie Creek Bridge, Amsterdam, New York, April 5, 1987 24 2.2.6 Cypress Viaduct, Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 17, 1989 25 2.2.7 I-35W Bridge, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 1, 2007 26 2.2.8 Failures during Construction 30 2.2.9 Failures Continue and Current Data 30 2.2.10 Evolving Bridge Engineering Practice 51 References 51 Problems 51 Chapter 3 Bridge Aesthetics 53 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Nature of the Structural Design Process 53 3.2.1 Description and Justification 53 3.2.2 Public and Personal Knowledge 54 3.2.3 Regulation 54 3.2.4 Design Process 55 3.3 Aesthetics in Bridge Design 56 3.3.1 Definition of Aesthetics 56 3.3.2 Qualities of Aesthetic Design 57 3.3.3 Practical Guidelines for Medium- and Short-Span Bridges 67 3.3.4 Computer Modeling 75 3.3.5 Web References 79 3.3.6 Closing Remarks on Aesthetics 79 References 79 Problems 80 Chapter 4 Bridge Types and Selection 81 4.1 Main Structure below the Deck Line 81 4.2 Main Structure above the Deck Line 81 4.3 Main Structure Coincides with the Deck Line 84 4.4 Closing Remarks on Bridge Types 87 4.5 Selection of Bridge Type 87 4.5.1 Factors To Be Considered 87 4.5.2 Bridge Types Used for Different Span Lengths 89 4.5.3 Closing Remarks 92 References 93 Problems 93 Chapter 5 Design Limit States 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Development of Design Procedures 95 5.2.1 Allowable Stress Design 95 5.2.2 Variability of Loads 96 5.2.3 Shortcomings of Allowable Stress Design 96 5.2.4 Load and Resistance Factor Design 97 5.3 Design Limit States 97 5.3.1 General 97 5.3.2 Service Limit State 99 5.3.3 Fatigue and Fracture Limit State 99 5.3.4 Strength Limit State 100 5.3.5 Extreme Event Limit State 101 5.3.6 Construction Limit States 102 5.4 Closing Remarks 102 References 102 Problems 103 Chapter 6 Principles of Probabilistic Design 105 6.1 Introduction 105 6.1.1 Frequency Distribution and Mean Value 105 6.1.2 Standard Deviation 105 6.1.3 Probability Density Functions 106 6.1.4 Bias Factor 107 6.1.5 Coefficient of Variation 107 6.1.6 Probability of Failure 108 6.1.7 Safety Index 𝛽 109 6.2 Calibration of LRFD Code 111 6.2.1 Overview of the Calibration Process 111 6.2.2 Calibration Using Reliability Theory 111 6.2.3 Calibration of Fitting with ASD 115 6.3 Closing Remarks 116 References 116 Problems 116 Chapter 7 Geometric Design Considerations 119 7.1 Introduction to Geometric Roadway Considerations 119 7.2 Roadway Widths 119 7.3 Vertical Clearances 120 7.4 Interchanges 120 References 121 Problem 121 Part II Loads and Analysis Chapter 8 Loads 125 8.1 Introduction 125 8.2 Gravity Loads 125 8.2.1 Permanent Loads 125 8.2.2 Transient Loads 126 8.3 Lateral Loads 138 8.3.1 Fluid Forces 138 8.3.2 Seismic Loads 141 8.3.3 Ice Forces 145 8.4 Forces Due to Deformations 150 8.4.1 Temperature 150 8.4.2 Creep and Shrinkage 152 8.4.3 Settlement 152 8.5 Collision Loads 152 8.5.1 Vessel Collision 152 8.5.2 Rail Collision 152 8.5.3 Vehicle Collision 152 8.6 Blast Loading 152 8.7 Summary 153 References 153 Problems 154 Chapter 9 Influence Functions and Girder-Line Analysis 155 9.1 Introduction 155 9.2 Definition 155 9.3 Statically Determinate Beams 156 9.3.1 Concentrated Loads 156 9.3.2 Uniform Loads 158 9.4 Muller-Breslau Principle 159 9.4.1 Betti's Theorem 159 9.4.2 Theory of Muller-Breslau Principle 160 9.4.3 Qualitative Influence Functions 161 9.5 Statically Indeterminate Beams 161 9.5.1 Integration of Influence Functions 164 9.5.2 Relationship between Influence Functions 164 9.5.3 Muller-Breslau Principle for End Moments 167 9.5.4 Automation by Matrix Structural Analysis 168 9.6 Normalized Influence Functions 170 9.7 AASHTO Vehicle Loads 170 9.8 Influence Surfaces 178 9.9 Summary 179 References 180 Problems 180 Chapter 10 System Analysis-Introduction 183 10.1 Introduction 183 10.2 Safety of Methods 185 10.2.1 Equilibrium for Safe Design 185 10.2.2 Stress Reversal and Residual Stress 187 10.2.3 Repetitive Overloads 188 10.2.4 Fatigue and Serviceability 191 10.3 Summary 192 References 192 Problem 192 Chapter 11 System Analysis-Gravity Loads 193 11.1 Slab Girder Bridges 193 11.2 Slab Bridges 215 11.3 Slabs in Slab Girder Bridges 219 11.4 Box Girder Bridges 228 11.5 Closing Remarks 234 References 234 Problems 235 Chapter 12 System Analysis-Lateral, Temperature, Shrinkage, and Prestress Loads 237 12.1 Lateral Load Analysis 237 12.1.1 Wind Loads 237 12.1.2 Seismic Load Analysis 238 12.2 Temperature, Shrinkage, and Prestress 240 12.2.1 General 240 12.2.2 Prestressing 241 12.2.3 Temperature Effects 241 12.2.4 Shrinkage and Creep 244 12.3 Closing Remarks 244 References 245 Part III Concrete Bridges Chapter 13 Reinforced Concrete Material Response and Properties 249 13.1 Introduction 249 13.2 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Material Response 249 13.3 Constituents of Fresh Concrete 250 13.4 Properties of Hardened Concrete 252 13.4.1 Short-Term Properties of Concrete 252 13.4.2 Long-Term Properties of Concrete 257 13.5 Properties of Steel Reinforcement 261 13.5.1 Nonprestressed Steel Reinforcement 262 13.5.2 Prestressing Steel 263 References 265 Problems 266 Chapter 14 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members 267 14.1 Limit States 267 14.1.1 Service Limit State 267 14.1.2 Fatigue Limit State 270 14.1.3 Strength Limit State 273 14.1.4 Extreme Event Limit State 274 14.2 Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Members 275 14.2.1 Depth to Neutral Axis for Beams with Bonded Tendons 275 14.2.2 Depth to Neutral Axis for Beams with Unbonded Tendons 277 14.2.3 Nominal Flexural Strength 278 14.2.4 Ductility, Maximum Tensile Reinforcement, and Resistance Factor Adjustment 280 14.2.5 Minimum Tensile Reinforcement 283 14.2.6 Loss of Prestress 283 14.3 Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Members 288 14.3.1 Variable-Angle Truss Model 289 14.3.2 Modified Compression Field Theory 290 14.3.3 Shear Design Using Modified Compression Field Theory 297 14.4 Closing Remarks 305 References 305 Problems 306 Chapter 15 Concrete Barrier Strength and Deck Design 307 15.1 Concrete Barrier Strength 307 15.1.1 Strength of Uniform Thickness Barrier Wall 307 15.1.2 Strength of Variable Thickness Barrier Wall 309 15.1.3 Crash Testing of Barriers 309 15.2 Concrete Deck Design 309 References 326 Problems 326 Chapter 16 Concrete Design Examples 327 16.1 Solid Slab Bridge Design 327 16.2 T-Beam Bridge Design 335 16.3 Prestressed Girder Bridge 353 References 371 Part IV Steel Bridges Chapter 17 Steel Bridges 375 17.1 Introduction 375 17.2 Material Properties 375 17.2.1 Steelmaking Process: Traditional 375 17.2.2 Steelmaking Process: Mini Mills 376 17.2.3 Steelmaking Process: Environmental Considerations 376 17.2.4 Production of Finished Products 377 17.2.5 Residual Stresses 377 17.2.6 Heat Treatments 378 17.2.7 Classification of Structural Steels 378 17.2.8 Effects of Repeated Stress (Fatigue) 383 17.2.9 Brittle Fracture Considerations 384 17.3 Summary 386 References 386 Problem 386 Chapter 18 Limit States and General Requirements 387 18.1 Limit States 387 18.1.1 Service Limit State 387 18.1.2 Fatigue and Fracture Limit State 388 18.1.3 Strength Limit States 399 18.1.4 Extreme Event Limit State 399 18.2 General Design Requirements 399 18.2.1 Effective Length of Span 400 18.2.2 Dead-Load Camber 400 18.2.3 Minimum Thickness of Steel 400 18.2.4 Diaphragms and Cross Frames 400 18.2.5 Lateral Bracing 400 References 401 Problems 401 Chapter 19 Steel Component Resistance 403 19.1 Tensile Members 403 19.1.1 Types of Connections 403 19.1.2 Tensile Resistance-Specifications 403 19.1.3 Strength of Connections for Tension Members 406 19.2 Compression Members 406 19.2.1 Column Stability-Behavior 406 19.2.2 Inelastic Buckling-Behavior 408 19.2.3 Compressive Resistance-Specifications 409 19.2.4 Connections for Compression Members 412 19.3 I-Sections in Flexure 412 19.3.1 General 412 19.3.2 Yield Moment and Plastic Moment 415 19.3.3 Stability Related to Flexural Resistance 421 19.3.4 Limit States 432 19.3.5 Summary of I-Sections in Flexure 434 19.3.6 Closing Remarks on I-Sections in Flexure 434 19.4 Shear Resistance of I-Sections 438 19.4.1 Beam Action Shear Resistance 438 19.4.2 Tension Field Action Shear Resistance 440 19.4.3 Combined Shear Resistance 442 19.4.4 Shear Resistance of Unstiffened Webs 443 19.5 Shear Connectors 444 19.5.1 Fatigue Limit State for Stud Connectors 444 19.5.2 Strength Limit State for Stud Connectors 445 19.6 Stiffeners 449 19.6.1 Transverse Intermediate Stiffeners 449 19.6.2 Bearing Stiffeners 451 References 453 Problems 453 Chapter 20 Steel Design Examples 455 20.1 Noncomposite Rolled Steel Beam Bridge 455 20.2 Composite Rolled Steel Beam Bridge 465 20.3 Multiple-Span Composite Steel Plate Girder Beam Bridge 473 20.3.1 Problem Statement Example 20.3 473 References 509 Appendix A Influence Functions For Deck Analysis 511 Appendix B Transverse Deck Moments Per AASHTO Appendix A4 513 Appendix C Metal Reinforcement Information 515 Appendix D Refined Estimate of Time-Dependent Losses 517 References 522 Appendix E NCHRP 12-33 Project Team 523 Task Groups 523 Appendix F Live-Load Distribution-Rigid Method 525 Index 527

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