APA style & citations

Author(s)

    • Giampalmi, Joe

Bibliographic Information

APA style & citations

Joe Giampalmi

（Learning made easy）（--For dummies）

John Wiley & Sons, c2021

  • : [pbk]

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Includes index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Write right in for scholarly success While world-renowned for the precision and clarity it lends to scholarly writing, keeping track of APA style's exacting standards can be demanding (at times even excruciating!) for initiates and seasoned writers alike. Created and governed by the American Psychological Association, it provides a universal style for formatting, citations, and footnotes in psychological research, behavioral and social science journals, and beyond. Getting up to speed is tough stuff, but once you've got it, your work will have that easy-to-follow scholarly authority that will get high marks from your professors and peers alike. Your friendly, frustration-free guide for this adventure in simplifying APA style is Joe Giampalmi, who has taught more than 100 APA-style composition courses to college students. He takes the pain of following APA style away by breaking it down to its essential elements and focusing on the important stuff students encounter most. You'll work through specific, real-life examples of using APA style for psychology, criminology, business, and nursing papers. In addition to demystifying the intricacies of formatting and citation, APA Style & Citations For Dummies has got you covered in all matters of grammar and punctuation-as well as guidance on how APA style can help you negotiate issues around the ethics of authorship and the importance of word choice in reducing bias. Develop conciseness and clarity Pay attention to flow, structure, and logic in your writing Know when, why, how, and what to cite Keep your writing ethically conscious and bias-free Writing in APA style is something that almost all students will need to do at some point: APA Style & Citations For Dummies is a must-have desk reference to know how to win the approval of your professors-and earn the marks you need for success!

Table of Contents

Introduction 1 About This Book 1 Foolish Assumptions 3 Icons Used in This Book 4 Where to Go from Here 4 Part 1: Conforming to Standards: APA and the Academic Environment 5 Chapter 1: Capitalizing on Consistency: APA and the Academic Classroom 7 Understanding APA and Academic Standards 8 Standardizing how you handle topics 10 Respecting the academic environment 10 Comparing APA and MLA 13 Identifying Your Role in Academic Process 15 APA and high school classrooms 16 APA and college courses 17 APA and comp courses 18 APA and content courses 19 APA and online courses 20 Confronting Cultural Differences - APA and Nonnative English Students 21 Seeking a professor who supports language learning 22 Understanding that English isn't easy 23 Making the transition seamlessly 24 Chapter 2: Updating and Debugging: APA Seventh Edition 27 Transitioning from the Sixth: APA for Today 28 Focusing on the Title Page and Page Organization 29 Running heads 30 Period spacing 30 Levels of headings 30 Font options 30 DOI and URL Formatting 31 Paper length 31 Bold section headings 31 Writing improvement plan 31 Page order 31 Eyeing the Changes with Citations and References 32 Addressing Bias-Free Writing Style and Updated Mechanics 34 Approaching APA Updates: Mindset 35 Student Publishing: Your Goal As a Serious Writer 37 Chapter 3: Understanding Expectations: APA and Discourse Communities 39 Understanding Academic Expectations in College 40 Figuring out what you want to achieve in college 41 Fulfilling your professors' expectations: Your needs 42 Examining APA Expectations 47 Overcoming Adversity 48 Identifying Discourse Communities You'll Encounter in College 49 College communities 50 Course communities 52 APA community 53 Graduation community 53 Chapter 4: Protecting Scholarship: Plagiarism 57 Academic Integrity: Get Your Sheepskin 58 Defining academic integrity 58 Looking at the research 59 Plagiarism and Academic Dishonesty: You Know Better 60 Cheating 60 Self-plagiarism 60 Patchwriting 61 Conflicts of interest 61 Unauthorized collaboration 61 Falsification 61 Plagiarism 62 Avoiding Plagiarism: Your Responsibilities 63 Manage your time wisely 63 Advocate academic integrity 64 Identify assignment limitations 64 Detail your research 64 Practice responsible citing 65 Utilize APA feedback resources 65 Steer clear of unreliable strategies 66 Closing Cultural Gaps: APA Strategies for Nonnative English Students 68 Grasping cultural differences in education 68 Utilizing additional APA strategies for non-native English students 69 Part 2: Earning Applause: APA Writing for the Academic Audience 71 Chapter 5: Writing for Success: APA Writing Style 73 Focusing on the Why and How: Audience and Purpose 74 Academic and assignment audience 75 Purpose 76 Zeroing In: Assignment Approach and Focus 77 Approach 78 Focus 79 Smooth Sailing: Transitions and Flow 80 Organizational flow 81 Transition strategies 82 Writing with Attitude: Tone 83 Recalling Sandbox Lessons: Respectful Language 86 Racial and ethnic references 87 Age and disability references 87 Gender and sexual orientation references 88 Socioeconomic references 90 Chapter 6: Creating a Foundation: The Principal Parts of Speech, Structure, and Usage 91 Shining the Spotlight on the Stars of the Show: Action Verbs 92 Using your voice 92 Being in agreement 94 Focusing on tense 95 Avoiding Anonymity: Nouns 96 Designating Replacements: Pronouns 97 Staying in agreement 97 Eyeing APA person preferences 98 Using the singular "they" 99 Building Basics: Structures 99 Sentences and paragraphs 100 Parallelism 101 Reducing Confusion: Problem Pairs 103 Problem pairs 103 Problem pronouns 104 Misplaced description 105 Chapter 7: Navigating Pages: Conventions of Style 107 Marking Cadence: Punctuation 108 End punctuation and spacing 108 Comma 109 Semicolon and colon 109 Dashes and slashes 111 Quotation marks 112 Parentheses, brackets, and ellipses 113 Seeking Attention: Special Conventions 115 Italics 115 Abbreviations 116 Numbers 117 Perfecting Appearance: Spelling 117 Spelling strategies 118 Possessives 119 Foreign forms 120 Hyphenation 120 Standing Tall: Capitalization 122 Proper nouns 123 Titles and headings 124 Chapter 8: Covering All Bases: Three-Level Revising 127 Revising: Why Rewriting Is So Important 129 Seeking feedback when revising 130 Rewriting in action: A real-life example 130 Streamlining: Structural Organization 133 Opening: Working title, first sentence, and introduction 133 Middle 137 Closing 137 Paring: Paragraphs and Sentences 140 Sentence starters 141 Spoken-language wordiness 142 Wordy phrases and clauses 143 Whittling Words 144 Unnecessary and overused words 144 Verb and ly-adverb combinations 147 Superfluous verb endings 148 Chapter 9: Achieving Your Personal Best: Student Improvement Plan 151 Understanding What Makes a College Reader 152 Developing Lifetime Literacy Skills: Reading for Success 154 Reading to learn 154 Improving your reading plan 158 Writing As a Skill for Lifetime Success 162 Developing Lifetime Literacy Skills: Writing for Success 163 Writing to learn 163 Putting together your writing improvement plan 165 Part 3: Practicing Safe Cites: Writing and Citing Sources 169 Chapter 10: Gaining Insight: To Cite or Not to Cite 171 Crediting Sources: General Guidelines 173 Full and partial quotations 174 Block quotations 174 Summarizing and paraphrasing 175 Statistical data within the context of research 176 Terms specific to a field 176 Tables, Internet images, and clip art 176 Facts and figures that aren't common knowledge 177 Controversial information that contradicts generally accepted truths 177 No citations required 178 Coordinating Citations: Common Elements 178 Citing author-date format 179 Citing repeated narratives 180 Sections of a source 180 Citing an unknown author 181 Citing numerous authors 181 Citing same author, same date 182 Citing authors with the same surname 182 Citing organization authors 182 Addressing Special Approaches: Personal, Authoritative, and Legal 182 Personal communication 183 Academic authorities 183 Legal reference 183 Citing Electronic Sources: Websites, Periodicals, Software, and Visuals 184 Evaluating Sources 185 Determining what makes a reliable source 185 Assessing the quality of the sources cited 186 Chapter 11: Preparing for Conflict: Source Engagement 191 Pre-Gaming: Gathering Sources 192 Rehearsing: Preparing Sources 193 Using signal phrases 195 Summarizing and citing correctly 196 Paraphrasing and citing correctly 197 Quoting and citing correctly 198 Synthesizing: Engaging with Sources 199 Author and source 200 Source and source 201 Source, source, and author 201 Source, source, and source 202 Primary sources as engagement 202 Post-Gaming: Verifying Information 203 Chapter 12: Formatting Last Impressions: Reference List 205 Playing by the Rules: General Guidelines 206 Coordinating Reference Elements: Author, Date, Title, and Source 208 Author 209 Date 210 Title 211 Source 212 Clarifying Elements: Reference Conventions and Abbreviations 213 Punctuating your references 213 Capitalizing references 214 Playing by the Rules: Specifics for Formatting Periodicals 215 Seeing Is Believing: Real-Life Reference Items 216 Books and reference works 217 Edited book Chapters and works in reference books 218 Periodical and journal articles 219 Reports 221 Audiovisual media and works 222 Online media 224 Conferences and presentations 225 Webpages and websites 225 Legal reference 225 Extending References: Annotated Bibliography 226 Part 4: Perfecting Presentation: Beginnings, Endings, and Other Writings 227 Chapter 13: Preparing Appetizers and Desserts: Front and Back Materials 229 Opening Impressions: Formatting Front Matter 230 Previewing your paper: Table of contents 231 Listing figures and tables 232 Focusing on abstracts 234 Including an executive summary 236 Closing Remarks: Formatting Back Matter 238 Wrapping up with appendixes 238 Ending with a glossary 239 Including footnotes and endnotes 241 Chapter 14: Acing a First Impression: Formatting Title Page and Page Layout 243 Naming Writes: Title Page and Titles 244 Recognizing title page elements 245 Strategizing for writing titles 247 Packaging Appearance: Formatting and Organization 249 Page formatting: Consistency is key 249 Page organization: Sequence is essential 251 Chapter 15: Understanding First Year Writing: APA Essays and Reaction Papers 257 Conquering College Comp: Essay Basics 258 Differentiating essays from research writing 258 Identifying the fundamentals of writing an essay 259 Focusing on Essay Structure and Formatting 262 Writing a memorable essay title 263 Starting your essay with a bang 263 Giving the body what it needs: Figurative language 265 Avoiding crash endings 266 Formatting your essay 266 Formatting your essay citations 267 Implementing Essay Variations: Common College Essays 268 Narrative 268 Cause and effect 269 Comparison and contrast 270 Expository 270 Persuasive 271 Descriptive 272 Reading and Responding: Reaction Paper Basics 272 Writing a successful reaction paper 273 Organizing a reaction paper 275 Formatting a reaction paper 276 Chapter 16: Mastering Advanced Writing: APA Review of Literature 279 Reviewing Literature: Searches and Steps 280 Starting the search 281 Focusing on the topic 284 Sequencing the process in four steps 285 Studying Samples: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion 289 Starting with the thesis: The introduction 289 Developing the thesis: The body 289 Ending with significant findings: The conclusion 293 Determining other major sections 295 Laying Out Pages and the Title Page of the APA Literature Review 296 Chapter 17: Perfecting Specialized Writings: APA Reports 299 APA Report Writing: Creating and Organizing 300 Eyeing the purpose and benefits of reports 300 Examining report characteristics 301 Writing Reports in Six Easy-to-Follow Steps 303 Step 1: Plan and focus 304 Step 2: Search for information 305 Step 3: Analyze the information 305 Step 4: Organize major and optional sections 305 Step 5: Write the report 305 Step 6: Revise 307 Adapting APA Formatting to Reports 307 Studying Report Samples: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion 309 Introduction 309 Body 309 Conclusion 311 Organizing Your Report: Other Essential Sections 311 Acknowledgments 311 Glossary 312 Executive summary 312 Transmittal memo 313 Table of contents 313 Methodology 313 Recommendations 314 Appendixes 315 Discussion 315 APA Report Writing: Specializing and Personalizing 316 Business reports 316 Education reports 317 Science reports 317 Periodic reports 317 Sales and marketing reports 317 Proposal reports 317 Feasibility studies 318 Recommendation reports 318 Technical reports 318 Academic reports 318 Project progress reports 319 Field reports 319 Research reports 319 Part 5: The Parts of Ten 321 Chapter 18: Ten Priorities for Proficient Academic Writing 323 Analyze Assignments 323 Focus on Audience and Purpose 324 Begin Assignments with Background Reading 325 Plan Projects 325 Focus on Specific Nouns and Action Verbs 326 Reference Sources Beyond Professors' Expectations 326 Write Tight and Revise 326 Read and Read Some More 327 Write, Write, and Write 328 Develop a Writer's Work Ethic 328 Chapter 19: Ten Strategies for Creative Source Engagement 331 Look for Power Language within Sources 332 Think Critically to Analyze Sources 332 Utilize Professors as a Source 333 Extend Conversations 334 Master a Variety of Signal Phrases 334 Use Source Engagement with Every Applicable College Paper 335 Engage Exclusively with Classic Sources 335 Engage with Anecdotes 336 Learn from Sources 337 Turn to Primary Sources 337 Chapter 20: Ten Tips for High-Scoring Research Papers 339 Form a Study Group 339 Peer Up 340 Include a Few Optional Parts 340 Schedule Reviews with Your Writing Center 341 Perfect Your Reference List 342 Select a Local Topic with a Global Application 342 Contact an Expert for an Interview 343 Create Checklists 343 Attend to Details 343 Utilize the Professor's Office Hours 344 Index 345

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