Molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis
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Molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis
John Wiley, 2021
3rd ed
- : pbk
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Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Rediscover the foremost introduction to molecular photosynthesis on the market today
In the comprehensively revised Third Edition of Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis, distinguished researcher and professor Robert E. Blankenship delivers a brand-new update to the most authoritative textbook on the subject of photosynthesis. In addition to thorough coverage of foundational topics in photosynthesis, the book discusses cutting-edge advances in research in this area, including new structures and new information about the mechanism of oxygen production.
The author also describes advancements in the understanding of the regulation of photosynthesis and the critical process of photoprotection, as well as newly discovered pigments and organisms that extend oxygenic photosynthesis deeper into the near infrared spectral region.
Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of a fulsome appendix that incorporates a detailed introduction to the physical basis of photosynthesis, including thermodynamics, kinetics, and spectroscopy. A companion website offers downloadable figures as PowerPoint slides ideal for teaching. The book also includes:
Thorough introductions to the basic principles of photosynthetic energy storage, photosynthetic organisms and organelles, and the history and early development of photosynthesis
An expansive discussion of photosynthetic pigments, including their structure and spectroscopy
Explorations of antenna complexes, energy transfer processes, reaction centers, and electron transport pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs and oxygenic photosynthetic organisms
Comprehensive treatments of chemiosmotic coupling, ATP synthesis, and carbon metabolism
Authoritative discussions of the evolution of photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis
Perfect for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in biochemistry and biophysics, Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis will also earn a place in the libraries of students studying plant biology and seeking a one-stop resource in the field of molecular photosynthesis.
目次
Introduction to the third edition xi
Acknowledgements xiii
About the companion website xv
Chapter 1 The basic principles of photosynthetic energy storage 1
1.1 What is photosynthesis? 1
1.2 Photosynthesis is a solar energy storage process 3
1.3 Where photosynthesis takes place 4
1.4 The four phases of energy storage in photosynthesis 5
References 9
Chapter 2 Photosynthetic organisms and organelles 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Classification of life 12
2.3 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes 14
2.4 Metabolic patterns among living things 15
2.5 Phototrophic prokaryotes 16
2.6 Photosynthetic eukaryotes 21
References 24
Chapter 3 History and early development of photosynthesis 27
3.1 Van Helmont and the willow tree 27
3.2 Carl Scheele, Joseph Priestley, and the discovery of oxygen 28
3.3 Ingenhousz and the role of light in photosynthesis 29
3.4 Senebier and the role of carbon dioxide 29
3.5 De Saussure and the participation of water 29
3.6 The equation of photosynthesis 30
3.7 Early mechanistic ideas of photosynthesis 31
3.8 The Emerson and Arnold experiments 32
3.9 The controversy over the quantum requirement of photosynthesis 35
3.10 The red drop and the Emerson enhancement effect 35
3.11 Antagonistic effects 37
3.12 Early formulations of the Z scheme for photosynthesis 37
3.13 ATP formation 39
3.14 Carbon fixation 39
References 39
Chapter 4 Photosynthetic pigments: structure and spectroscopy 41
4.1 Chemical structures and distribution of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls 41
4.2 Pheophytins and bacteriopheophytins 47
4.3 Chlorophyll biosynthesis 48
4.4 Spectroscopic properties of chlorophylls 51
4.5 Carotenoids 55
4.6 Bilins 58
References 59
Chapter 5 Antenna complexes and energy transfer processes 61
5.1 General concepts of antennas and a bit of history 61
5.2 Why antennas? 62
5.3 Classes of antennas 64
5.4 Physical principles of antenna function 65
5.5 Structure and function of selected antenna complexes 73
5.6 Regulation of antennas 84
References 87
Chapter 6 Reaction centers and electron transport pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs 91
6.1 Basic principles of reaction center structure and function 92
6.2 Development of the reaction center concept 92
6.3 Purple bacterial reaction centers 93
6.4 Theoretical analysis of biological electron transfer reactions 98
6.5 Quinone reductions, the role of the Fe and pathways of proton uptake 101
6.6 Organization of electron transfer pathways 103
6.7 Completing the cycle - the cytochrome bc1 complex 105
6.8 Membrane organization in purple bacteria 109
6.9 Electron transport in other anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria 110
References 113
Chapter 7 Reaction centers and electron transfer pathways in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms 117
7.1 Spatial distribution of electron transport components in thylakoids of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms 117
7.2 Noncyclic electron flow in oxygenic organisms 119
7.3 Photosystem II overall electron transfer pathway 119
7.4 Photosystem II forms a dimeric supercomplex in the thylakoid membrane 120
7.5 The oxygen-evolving complex and the mechanism of water oxidation by Photosystem II 123
7.6 The structure and function of the cytochrome b6 f complex 128
7.7 Plastocyanin donates electrons to Photosystem I 130
7.8 Photosystem I structure and electron transfer pathway 131
7.9 Ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase complete the noncyclic electron transport chain 134
References 139
Chapter 8 Chemiosmotic coupling and ATP synthesis 145
8.1 Chemical aspects of ATP and the phosphoanhydride bonds 145
8.2 Historical perspective on ATP synthesis 147
8.3 Quantitative formulation of proton motive force 148
8.4 Nomenclature and cellular location of ATP synthase 150
8.5 Structure of ATP synthase 150
8.6 The mechanism of chemiosmotic coupling 153
References 157
Chapter 9 Carbon metabolism 159
9.1 The Calvin-Benson cycle is the primary photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway 159
9.2 Photorespiration is a wasteful competitive process to carboxylation 173
9.3 The C4 carbon cycle minimizes photorespiration 176
9.4 Crassulacean acid metabolism avoids water loss in plants 180
9.5 Algae and cyanobacteria actively concentrate CO2 182
9.6 Sucrose and starch synthesis 183
9.7 Other carbon fixation pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs 186
References 188
Chapter 10 Genetics, assembly, and regulation of photosynthetic systems 191
10.1 Gene organization in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria 191
10.2 Gene expression and regulation of purple photosynthetic bacteria 193
10.3 Gene organization in cyanobacteria 194
10.4 Chloroplast genomes 194
10.5 Pathways and mechanisms of protein import and targeting in chloroplasts 195
10.6 Gene regulation and the assembly of photosynthetic complexes in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts 199
10.7 The regulation of oligomeric protein stoichiometry 200
10.8 Assembly, photodamage, and repair of Photosystem II 201
References 203
Chapter 11 The use of chlorophyll fluorescence to probe photosynthesis 207
11.1 The time course of chlorophyll fluorescence 208
11.2 The use of fluorescence to determine the quantum yield of Photosystem II 209
11.3 Fluorescence detection of nonphotochemical quenching 211
11.4 The physical basis of variable fluorescence 211
References 212
Chapter 12 Origin and evolution of photosynthesis 215
12.1 Introduction 215
12.2 Early history of the Earth 215
12.3 Origin and early evolution of life 216
12.4 Geological evidence for life and photosynthesis 218
12.5 The nature of the earliest photosynthetic systems 222
12.6 The origin and evolution of metabolic pathways with special reference to chlorophyll biosynthesis 224
12.7 Origin and evolution of photosynthetic pigments 225
12.8 Evolutionary relationships among reaction centers and other electron transport components 229
12.9 Do all photosynthetic reaction centers derive from a common ancestor? 232
12.10 The origin of linked photosystems and oxygen evolution 235
12.11 Origin of the oxygen-evolving complex and the transition to oxygenic photosynthesis 236
12.12 Antenna systems have multiple evolutionary origins 238
12.13 Endosymbiosis and the origin of chloroplasts 241
12.14 Most types of algae are the result of secondary endosymbiosis 244
12.15 Following endosymbiosis, many genes were transferred to the nucleus, and proteins were reimported to the chloroplast 246
12.16 Evolution of carbon metabolism pathways 248
References 249
Chapter 13 Bioenergy applications and artificial photosynthesis 257
13.1 Introduction 257
13.2 Solar energy conversion 257
13.3 What is the efficiency of natural photosynthesis? 260
13.4 Calculation of the energy storage efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis 261
13.5 Why is the efficiency of photosynthesis so low? 262
13.6 How might the efficiency of photosynthesis be improved? 263
13.7 Artificial photosynthesis 264
References 268
Appendix 1 Light, energy, and kinetics 271
Index 313
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