Large rivers : geomorphology and management

著者

• Gupta, Avijit

書誌事項

Large rivers : geomorphology and management

edited by Avijit Gupta

Wiley-Blackwell, 2022

2nd ed

注記

Includes bibliographic references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

An updated treatment of management and geomorphology of large rivers around the world The newly revised Second Edition of Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management delivers a thoroughly updated exploration of the form and function of major rivers. The book brings together a set of papers on the large rivers of the world, offering readers an insightful examination of a demanding subject. The new Second Edition of the book includes fully updated and revised chapters, as well as two entirely new chapters on the Ayeyarwady and the Arctic rivers. This fascinating volume describes the environmental requirements for creating and maintaining a major river system, case studies on over a dozen large rivers from different continents in a variety of physical environments, and the measurement and management of large rivers. Unmatched in scope, Large Rivers sheds light on a subject lacking in comprehensive study. Readers will benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the geology of large river systems, hydrology and discharge, transcontinental moving and storage of sediment, and the greatest floods and largest rivers An exploration of the classification, architecture, and evolution of large-river deltas Discussions of sedimentology and stratigraphy of large river deposits, including their recognition in the ancient record and the distinction from incised valley fills An examination of the effects of tectonism, climate change, and sea-level change on the form and behavior of the modern Amazon river and its floodplain Measurement and management of large rivers The effect of climatic change on large rivers Perfect for postgraduate students and researchers in fluvial geomorphology, hydrology, sedimentary geology, and river management, Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management will also earn a place in the libraries of engineers and environmental consultants in the private and public sectors working on major rivers around the world.

目次

About the Editor xxiii List of Contributors xxv Preface xxxiii 1 Introduction 1 Avijit Gupta 1.1 Large Rivers and People 1 1.2 What Is a Large River? 1 1.3 The Book and its Content 4 References 6 Part I Background 2 Geology of Large River Systems 7 Sampat K. Tandon and Rajiv Sinha 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Tectonic Settings of Large River Systems 9 2.3 Complexity of Drainage Types and Channel Morphology 12 2.4 Large Rivers - Climatic Settings and Climatic Variability 17 2.5 Modern Large Rivers - Hydrology and Sediment Dispersal 19 2.6 Landforms and Alluvial Architecture of Large River Systems 23 2.7 Growth and Development of Large River Systems 28 2.8 Duration of Large River Systems and the Rock Record 30 2.9 Sea Level, Tectonic, and Climatic Controls on the Large River Systems 31 2.10 Concluding Remarks 33 Acknowledgments 34 References 34 3 Hydrology and Discharge 42 Ellen Wohl and Katherine B. Lininger 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Large Rivers of the Equatorial Regions 51 3.3 Large Rivers of the Drylands 54 3.4 Rivers of the Mid-Latitudes 57 3.5 Rivers Draining South from the Himalaya 59 3.6 Rivers of East and Southeast Asia 61 3.7 High-Latitude Rivers 63 3.8 Conclusion 64 Acknowledgment 66 References 67 4 Transcontinental Moving and Storage: The Orinoco and Amazon Rivers Transfer the Andes to the Atlantic 76 Robert H. Meade 4.1 Introduction 76 4.2 Andean Sources and Alluvial Storage 76 4.3 Orinoco 78 4.4 Amazon 82 4.5 The Amazon Goes to Sea 92 4.6 Coda 94 Acknowledgements 94 References 95 5 Megafloods and Large Rivers 100 Victor R. Baker 5.1 Introduction 100 5.2 Historical Background 100 5.3 Terrestrial Glacial Megafloods 101 5.4 Extraterrestrial Megafloods and Megarivers 108 5.5 Conclusion 109 References 110 6 Classification, Architecture, and Evolution of Large River Deltas 114 Kazuaki Hori and Yoshiki Saito 6.1 Introduction 114 6.2 Definition of a Delta and Delta Components 116 6.3 Classification of Deltas 122 6.4 Morphology and Sediment 124 6.5 Delta Evolution 130 6.6 Problems of Sediment Supply 134 6.7 Concluding Remarks 135 Acknowledgements 136 References 136 7 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Large River Deposits: Recognition and Preservation Potential in the Rock Record 146 Christopher R. Fielding 7.1 Introduction 146 7.2 Geomorphology of Modern Big Rivers 150 7.3 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Modern Big Rivers 150 7.4 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Ancient Big Rivers 156 7.5 Discussion: Preservation Potential of Big River Deposits 159 7.6 Conclusion 160 Acknowledgments 161 References 161 Part II Case Studies 8 Effects of Tectonism and Sea-Level Change on the Form and Behaviour of the Modern Amazon River and Its Floodplain 171 Leal A.K. Mertes and Thomas Dunne 8.1 Background 171 8.2 Amazon Basin Characteristics 172 8.3 Tectonic Influences on the Modern Amazon 177 8.4 Structural Influences on Amazon River Geomorphology 183 8.5 Influences of Sea-Level Changes on the Amazon River and Floodplain 193 8.6 Conclusion 197 Acknowledgements 198 References 199 9 The Mississippi River System 205 James C. Knox 9.1 Introduction 205 9.2 Cenozoic Drainage Evolution 206 9.3 Influence of Quaternary Glaciations 209 9.4 Proglacial Lakes and Extreme Floods 211 9.5 Response of the Lower Mississippi Valley to Upper Valley Glaciation and Flooding 213 9.6 The Mississippi River System During the Holocene 215 9.7 Morphology of the Mississippi River 227 9.8 Modern Hydrology 233 9.9 The Mississippi River System: Summary and Outlook 242 Acknowledgements 244 References 245 10 The Colorado River 253 John C. Schmidt, Lindsey Bruckerhoff, Homa Salehabadi, and Jian Wang 10.1 Introduction 253 10.2 Physiography 255 10.3 Gradient, Valley Width, and Channel Form in the Colorado Plateau 257 10.4 Hydrology 260 10.5 The Colorado River in the Millennium Drought 265 10.6 Hydrology: Past and Future 281 10.7 Pre-dam and Post-dam Sediment Yield and Sediment Transport 285 10.8 Channel Adjustment and Ecological Change During the Twentieth Century 289 10.9 Modern Fish Community 299 10.10 Environmental Management of the Modern River 302 10.11 The Future 306 10.12 Conclusion 307 References 308 11 The Lena: A Large River in a Deep Permafrost Zone 320 Emmanuele Gautier, Francois Costard, and Alexander Fedorov 11.1 Introduction 320 11.2 Description of the Lena Drainage Basin 321 11.3 A Periglacial Environment 323 11.4 Floodplain, Delta, and Periglacial Land Forms 323 11.5 Impact of Climatic Change on the Hydrosystem 330 11.6 Conclusion 331 References 332 12 The Danube: Morphology, Evolution, and Environmental Issues 335 Denes Loczy 12.1 Introduction 335 12.2 Water and Sediment 337 12.3 Headwaters of the Danube 339 12.4 Hydromorphology of the Danube Sections 341 12.5 The Danube Delta 345 12.6 The Evolution of the Valley of the Danube 347 12.7 Human Impacts 354 References 360 13 The Yukon and the Mackenzie: Large Arctic Rivers of North America 368 Ellen Wohl, Natalie Kramer, and Katherine B. Lininger 13.1 Introduction 368 13.2 Large Arctic Rivers of North America 369 13.3 The Yukon and the Mackenzie: A Study in Contrasts 374 13.4 The Future of Large Arctic Rivers in North America 378 13.5 Conclusion 381 References 381 14 The River Nile: Evolution and Environment 388 Jamie C. Woodward, Mark G. Macklin, Michael D. Krom, and Martin A.J. Williams 14.1 Introduction 388 14.2 Nile Basin River Environments 390 14.3 Early Origins and the Neogene Nile 391 14.4 The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Nile 394 14.5 Records of Nile River Behaviour in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea 402 14.6 The Modern Nile: Hydrology and Geomorphology 406 14.7 The Suspended Sediment Budget 415 14.8 The Nile Delta and The Eastern Mediterranean 417 14.9 River Basin Management and Global Change 421 Acknowledgements 425 References 425 15 The Congo River, Central Africa 433 Jurgen Runge 15.1 Introduction 433 15.2 The Course of the Congo River 434 15.3 Geology and Geomorphology of the Congo Basin 440 15.4 Evolution of the Congo River 444 15.5 The Flow Regime of the Congo 445 15.6 Solid, Suspended, and Dissolved Load 448 15.7 The Congo Mouth and the Submarine Canyon 449 15.8 The Congo River and Its Economic Importance 450 15.9 Conclusion 451 Acknowledgements 452 References 452 16 The Zambezi: Origins and Legacies of Earth's Oldest River System 457 Andy E. Moore, Fenton P.D. Cotterill, Mike P.L. Main, and Hugh B. Williams 16.1 Introduction 457 16.2 The Zambezi River System 459 16.3 Hydrology 464 16.4 Ecological Impact of Major Dams 467 16.5 Evolution of the Zambezi River System 469 16.6 Drainage Evolution and Speciation 478 16.7 Cultural and Economic Aspects 481 16.8 Conclusion 482 Acknowledgements 483 References 483 17 The Geographic, Geological, and Oceanographic Setting of the Indus River - An Update 488 Asif Inam, Peter D. Clift, Liviu Giosan, Anwar Alizai, Samina Kidwai, Muhammad I. Shahzad, Ibrahim Zia, Majid Nazeer, Muhammad J. Khan, Syed S. Ali, Aneela Shaheen, Rashida Qari, and Sanober Kehkashan 17.1 Introduction 488 17.2 The Drainage Basin 491 17.3 Evolution of the Indus River 492 17.4 Indus Water and Sediment Discharge 493 17.5 The Indus Delta 495 17.6 Submarine Indus System 499 17.7 Water Management 503 17.8 The Indus Dolphins 505 17.9 Environmental Changes 506 17.10 Conclusion 510 References 513 18 The Ganga River 521 Indra B. Singh 18.1 Introduction 521 18.2 Hydrology 522 18.3 Water Quality 526 18.4 Material Transfer in the Ganga 527 18.5 Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sediments 530 18.6 Heavy Metals and Pollutants in the Sediment 531 18.7 The Plain and the River 531 18.8 The Delta 533 18.9 A Summary of Current Geomorphic Processes 538 18.10 Quaternary Evolution of the Ganga 538 18.11 Utilization of the River and Associated Problems 542 Acknowledgements 546 References 546 19 Erosion and Weathering in the Brahmaputra River System 551 Sunil K. Singh 19.1 Introduction 551 19.2 The Brahmaputra River System 552 19.3 Geology of the Basin 554 19.4 Hydrology 556 19.5 Floods in the Brahmaputra 557 19.6 Characteristics of the Brahmaputra Channel 562 19.7 Erosion and Weathering 562 19.8 Sediment Yield or Erosion Rates in the Various Zones 567 19.9 Chemical Weathering and Erosion 568 19.10 Bed Load and Weathering Intensity 572 19.11 Control of Physical and Chemical Erosion in the Brahmaputra Basin 572 19.12 Conclusion 574 References 574 20 The Jamuna-Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh 579 James L. Best, Philip J. Ashworth, Erik Mosselman, Maminul H. Sarker, and Julie E. Roden 20.1 Background 579 20.2 Channel Scale Morphology and Recent Historical Changes in the Course of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River 588 20.3 Bedform Types and Dynamics 595 20.4 Bifurcations, Offtakes, and Confluences 603 20.5 Floodplain Sedimentation 607 20.6 Sedimentology of the Jamuna River 611 20.7 Applied Geomorphology and Engineering in the Jamuna River 617 20.8 Summary: What Does the Future Hold? 628 Acknowledgements 630 References 631 21 The Ayeyarwady River 641 Alexis Licht and Liviu Giosan 21.1 Introduction 641 21.2 The Ayeyarwady Drainage Basin 641 21.3 History of the Ayeyarwady 653 21.4 Looking Ahead 655 References 655 22 The Mekong River: Morphology, Evolution, and Management 661 Avijit Gupta 22.1 Introduction 661 22.2 The Mekong Basin: Physical Characteristics 663 22.3 The River 669 22.4 The Mekong Over Time: The Geomorphic History 676 22.5 Erosion and Sediment Transfer 678 22.6 The Mekong and Its Basin: Resource and Management 679 22.7 Conclusion 684 Acknowledgements 684 References 684 23 Dynamic Hydrology and Geomorphology of the Yangtze River 687 Zhongyuan Chen, Kaiqin Xu, and Masataka Watanabe 23.1 Basin Geology and Landforms 687 23.2 River Morphology 689 23.3 Storage and Transfer of Water and Sediment 691 23.4 Large-Scale River Management - Three Gorges Damand the Planned Water Transfer 700 Acknowledgements 702 References 702 Part III Measurement and Management 24 The Nile River: Geology, Hydrology, Hydraulic Society 704 M. Gordon Wolman, Capucine Le Meur, and Robert F. Giegengack 24.1 Introduction 704 24.2 Physiography 705 24.3 Geologic History 709 24.4 Climate and Climate Change 712 24.5 Hydrology 715 24.6 A Unique Record 719 24.7 The Nile and Hydraulic Civilizations 721 24.8 A Recent History of Nile Water Management 725 Acknowledgements 732 References 732 25 Patterns and Controls on Historical Channel Change in the Willamette River, Oregon USA 737 Jennifer R. Wallick, Gordon Grant, Stephen Lancaster, John P. Bolte, and Roger Denlinger 25.1 Introduction 737 25.2 An Approach for Interpreting Multiple Impacts on Large Rivers 739 25.3 Geologic Setting, Human, and Flood History of the Willamette 742 25.4 Data and Methods for Measuring Historical Channel Change 750 25.5 Results: Patterns and Controls on Historical Channel Changes 753 25.6 Discussion, Narrative of Historical Channel Change 759 25.7 Conclusion 770 Acknowledgements 771 References 771 26 Rivers and Humans - Unintended Consequences 776 Stanley A. Schumm 26.1 Introduction 776 26.2 Armour 776 26.3 Hydrology 783 26.4 Conclusion 793 References 793 27 Large Rivers from Space 796 Leal A. K. Mertes and Tamuka Magadzire 27.1 Introduction and Update 796 27.2 Basin Characteristics 799 27.3 Valley Configuration 801 27.4 Geomorphology 804 27.5 Water-surface Elevation, Gradient, and Discharge 804 27.6 Water Extent and Inundation Mapping 804 27.7 Mapping Sediment Concentration 808 27.8 Zambezi River -Water Type Mapping on Floodplains 809 27.9 Thermal Properties 811 27.10 Change Detection 811 27.10.1 Mesopotamian Marshlands 811 References 814 28 Channel Geometry Analysis Technique for the Lower Mississippi River 818 Philip J. Soar, Colin R. Thorne, Oliver P. Harmar, David S. Biedenharn, and C. Fred Pinkard 28.1 Introduction 818 28.2 Context 819 28.3 Data Acquisition and Pre-processing 822 28.4 Analytical Approach and Methodology 827 28.5 Results 830 28.6 Interpretation and Commentary 830 28.7 Conclusion 835 Acknowledgements 836 References 837 29 The Management of Large Rivers: Technical and Political Challenges 838 Ian C. Campbell 29.1 Introduction 838 29.2 The Challenges of River Management 842 29.3 Management of Rivers in Developing Countries 852 29.4 Conclusion 855 References 856 30 The Physical Diversity and Assessment of a Large River System: The Murray-Darling Basin, Australia 861 Martin Thoms, Scott Rayburg, Mel Neave, Melissa Parsons, and Francis Chiew 30.1 Introduction 861 30.2 The Murray-Darling Basin 864 30.3 The Character of Rivers within the Murray-Darling Basin 869 30.4 Assessment of the Physical Condition of Rivers in the Murray-Darling Basin 874 30.5 Resilience and Large Rivers as Social-Ecological Systems - Future Directions 883 30.6 Conclusion 885 Acknowledgements 887 References 887 31 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Water and Sediment Discharges of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) from 1950 to 2018: Erosion of Lake, Channel, and Delta 891 Kehui Xu, Shilun Yang, John D. Milliman, Zuosheng Yang, Haifei Yang, and Hui Xu 31.1 Introduction 891 31.2 Physical Setting 893 31.3 Data and Methods of Study 893 31.4 Spatial Variations of Water and Sediment 894 31.5 Temporal Variations of Water and Sediment 895 31.6 Discussion 900 31.7 Channel and Coastal Responses to Declining Sediment Discharge 905 31.8 Future Water and Sediment Discharges 906 31.9 Climatic and Anthropogenic Impacts on Other Global Rivers - the Mississippi Example 907 Acknowledgements 910 References 911 32 Large River Systems and Climate Change 916 Michael D. Blum 32.1 Introduction 916 32.2 A Brief History of Ideas 916 32.3 Fluvial Response to Climate Change: Some General Concepts 921 32.4 Fluvial Response to Past Climate Change: Contrasting Examples 932 32.5 Epilog: Large Rivers and Climate Change, Past to Future 946 References 951 Index 959

「Nielsen BookData」 より

詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BC10950332
• ISBN:
  • 9781119412601
• LCCN: 2021044402
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Hoboken, NJ
• ページ数/冊数: xxxiv, 1000 p.
• 大きさ: 26 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : GB1205
  • DC23 : 551.48/3
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Rivers
  • LCSH : Geomorphology
  • LCSH : Environmental management