Body sensations : the conscious aspects of interoception
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Body sensations : the conscious aspects of interoception
Springer, c2021
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The monograph aims to present the recent scientific knowledge on body sensations, i.e., conscious experiences that are localized or felt in the body from an internal perspective, regardless of their sensory origin. It summarizes the basic philosophical, evolutionary, neuroanatomical, psychological, and pathological aspects of the topic. Moreover, related phenomena, such as emotions, the placebo and nocebo effect, complementary and alternative medicine, and mind-body practices are discussed from the perspective of body sensations.
目次
Foreword.............................................................................................................................................. 5
Preface.................................................................................................................................................. 6
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 9
The importance of body sensations............................................................................................ 9
A brief history of the scientific research on interoception........................................................ 10
Predictive processing................................................................................................................ 21
Structure of the book................................................................................................................ 25
Chapter 1. How did it start? An evolutionary approach to consciousness......................................... 27
The end of the paradise and its consequences.......................................................................... 27
The roots of subjectivity........................................................................................................... 31
Higher consciousness................................................................................................................ 35
Summary................................................................................................................................... 38
Take-home messages................................................................................................................ 38
Chapter 2. From the body to the brain: The biological background.................................................. 40
Homeostatic (afferent interoceptive) pathways........................................................................ 42
Somatosensory pathways.......................................................................................................... 48
Integration................................................................................................................................. 51
Affective aspects....................................................................................................................... 53
The origins of the self............................................................................................................... 56
A final word on body sensations............................................................................................... 61
Summary................................................................................................................................... 62
Take-home messages................................................................................................................ 62
Chapter 3. What can we sense? Individual differences in interoceptive accuracy............................ 63
General methodological considerations.................................................................................... 63
Early conditioning studies........................................................................................................ 66
Visceral modalities 1 - Heartbeat............................................................................................. 69
Visceral modalities 2 - Blood pressure.................................................................................... 78
Visceral modalities 3 - Respiratory modalities........................................................................ 79
Visceral modalities 4 - Gastric modalities............................................................................... 81
Visceral modalities 5 - Intestinal modalities............................................................................ 84
Visceral modalities 6 - Urinary system.................................................................................... 86
Visceral modalities 7 - Sexual excitement............................................................................... 87
Visceral modalities 8 - Other modalities.................................................................................. 88
Further homeostatic modalities 1 - Temperature..................................................................... 91
Further homeostatic modalities 2 - Itch................................................................................... 92
Further homeostatic modalities 3 - Pain.................................................................................. 93
Further homeostatic modalities 4 - Sensual or limbic touch.................................................... 96
Further homeostatic modalities 5 - Muscle fatigue and perceived exertion............................ 97
Further homeostatic modalities 6 - Smell and taste................................................................. 98
Somatosensory modalities 1 - Muscle tension and exertion.................................................... 99
Somatosensory modalities 2 - Joint position and movement................................................. 102
Somatosensory modalities 3 - Vestibular information........................................................... 103
Somatosensory modalities 4 - Tactile information................................................................. 104
The question of generalizability............................................................................................. 105
Pathological considerations.................................................................................................... 108
Summary................................................................................................................................. 108
Take-home messages............................................................................................................... 113
Chapter 4. What do we perceive? Individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity..................... 114
Introduction............................................................................................................................. 114
Historical roots........................................................................................................................ 115
Symptom reports..................................................................................................................... 116
Self-focused attention and body awareness............................................................................ 119
Issues with attention 1............................................................................................................ 122
The tingling sensation............................................................................................................. 125
Issues with attention 2............................................................................................................ 128
Bottom-up interoceptive attention - Early ideas.................................................................... 131
Bottom-up interoceptive attention - Reaction time tests........................................................ 134
Top-down interoceptive attention - Monitoring tendency..................................................... 135
Acute and generalized interoceptive sensibility..................................................................... 137
The evaluative aspect.............................................................................................................. 139
Summary................................................................................................................................. 142
Take-home messages.............................................................................................................. 144
Chapter 5. Can we trust our feelings? The discrepancy between actual and perceived events....... 145
Dissociable and non-dissociable modalities........................................................................... 145
Dissociation between actual and perceived events................................................................. 147
The perceptual accuracy hypothesis....................................................................................... 149
Models of hypochondriasis..................................................................................................... 150
Anxiety and stress - From repression to cardiovascular reactivity........................................ 151
False heart rate feedback studies and once again on the Schandry-test................................. 153
Interoceptive awareness.......................................................................................................... 155
Philosophical speculations...................................................................................................... 159
What about non-dissociable modalities?................................................................................ 159
Summary................................................................................................................................. 160
Take-home messages............................................................................................................. 162
Chapter 6. Putting everything together - Integrated models and pathological aspects of internal perception.......................................................................................................................................................... 163
Introduction............................................................................................................................. 163
The bottom-up approach 1 - Naive realism........................................................................... 164
The bottom-up approach 2 - Linear (unidirectional) models of symptom perception........... 165
Negative affect....................................................................................................................... 169
The top-down approach 1 - Non-linear models..................................................................... 172
The top-down approach 2 - Expectations.............................................................................. 175
The top-down approach 3 - Predictive processing................................................................. 178
The pathological aspects: dissociation, conversion, somatization......................................... 182
An example: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity...................................................................... 185
Summary................................................................................................................................. 188
Take-home messages.............................................................................................................. 188
Chapter 7. Interoception and emotions............................................................................................ 189
# to be completed.................................................................................................................... 189
Chapter 8. Negative consequences of what we don't feel or mistakenly feel.................................. 190
# to be completed.................................................................................................................... 190
Chapter 9. Positive consequences what we feel, accurately or mistakenly..................................... 191
# to be completed.................................................................................................................... 191
Epilogue........................................................................................................................................... 192
# to be completed.................................................................................................................... 192
References........................................................................................................................................ 193
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