Water resources of Turkey
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Bibliographic Information
Water resources of Turkey
（World water resources, v. 2）
Springer, c2020
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Includes bibliographical references and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
This book provides an in-depth description of water resources of Turkey, a country with a unique geographical location, extending from the Mediterranean in Europe to the Middle East. Its varying geography, topography, hydrology, geology and climate are reflected in the diverse characteristics of its water basins. Furthermore, due to its geographical location, Turkey has a significant number of transboundary river basins and has to share its water resources with its neighbors, an issue that can sometimes lead to water conflicts.
Turkey is also an interesting example of a developing country that is attempting to adapt to universal water management strategies while at the same time facing legal, institutional, economic and capacity development problems. It has long remained a water-rich country, but the situation is now changing due to the increasing population, inefficient use of resources, and the impacts of climate change and environmental degradation.
This book is useful for national and international organizations as well as water resources professionals. It takes on an added significance in the light of climate change in the region, water management problems and transboundary water basins.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction (Nilgun B. Harmancioglu)
II. Water Works of Ancient Civilizations (Unal Ozis, Ahmet Alkan, Yalcin Ozdemir)
III. Water Resources Development (Dogan Altinbilek, Murat Ali Hatipoglu)
3.1. General Characteristics
3.2 Development of Water Resources during Republic Era (1923, 1954, 2003, present)
3.3 Evaluation of Water Sufficiency
3.4 Role and Importance of Water for National Development
3.5 Problems and Outlook for the Future
IV. Climate and Drought (Murat Turkes)
* General Physiographic Features of Turkey
* General Meteorology and Climatology
* Koeppen-Geiger Climate Types
* Aridity Index (or Rainfall Efficiency)
* Drought Probability and Recent Drought Events
* General Soil Characteristics with respect to Climate
V. Hydrology of Surface Waters (Hafzullah Aksoy)
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Hydrological Watersheds in Turkey
5.3. Watershed-based analysis
5.4. Statistical Characteristics
5.4.1. General statistical characteristics
5.4.1. Trend analysis
5.4.3. Flood analysis
5.5. Discussion / Perspectives / Conclusion
VI. Groundwater (Hasan Yazicigil & Mehmet Ekmekci)
* General Features
* Topography and Morphology
* Climate and Hydrologic Basins
* Geological Setting
* Water Bearing Formations and Types of Aquifers
Alluvial Plain Aquifers
Fractured Rock Aquifers
Karst and Karstic Aquifers
* Groundwater Use By Sectors
Domestic Use
Agricultural Use
Industrial Use
Commercial Use: Bottled Waters
Thermal and Mineral Waters
* Historical Perspective of Groundwater Resources Development In Turkey
Institutional Infrastructure
Groundwater Legislation
Exploration and Resources Assessment
* Groundwater Management: State of Practice
* Implementation of EU-Water Framework Directive for Sustainable Management of Groundwater Resources in Turkey
* Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems and Sustainable Management
* References
VII. Water quality (Orhan Uslu)
* Surface waters
* Coastal zone management
* Marine water pollution
* Groundwater quality
* Effects of anthropogenic effects on water resources
* Water Quality Legislation
* International Relations
VIII. Water Potential of Turkey (Bulent Selek, Hakan Aksu)
8.1 Introduction
8.2. Precipitation
8.3. Evapotranspiration
8.4. Groundwater
8.5. Surface water
8.6. Water Budget
IX. Agricultural Water Use (Mahmut Cetin)
Abstract
* Introduction
* Soil Resources and Limiting Factors Regarding Irrigated Agriculture
* Institutional Framework in Irrigation Developments
* Progress Achieved in Irrigation Development
Irrigation Schemes and Areas by Sources of Water
Irrigated Areas by Surface Water Sources
Irrigated Areas by Groundwater Sources
Areal Extent of Irrigated Areas by Years
Water Use by Agricultural Sector
* Implications of Large-scale Irrigation Schemes' Evaluation
Contradictions to the Expectations
Technical and Practical Dilemmas
* Crop Water Requirements: the "Two-Step" Approach
o Reference Crop Evapotranspiration (ETo) Estimation for:
Planning purposes of irrigation projects
Management purposes of irrigation schemes
o Crop Evapotranspiration under Standard Conditions (ETc)
* Spatial Variation in Crop Evapotranspiration
Crop Evapotranspiration by Regions
Examples from Irrigation Experiments
Seasonal Irrigation Requirements
* Management of Irrigation Schemes
o Legal Status
o Irrigation Management Organisations
* Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
X. Water and Energy (Unal Ozis & Ertugrul Benzeden)
Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND WATER POWER
3. PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES
4. CLEAN ENERGY AND HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
5. TYPES OF WATER POWER SCHEMES
6. DISCHARGE REGULATION AND DAMS
7. PEAK CAPACITY SUPPLY
8. HYDROELECTRIC POTENTIAL
9. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
10. FEATURES FOR AND AGAINST WATER POWER
11. CONCLUSION
Acknowledgment
References
XI. Urban, Industrial, Environmental and Other Water Uses (Selmin Burak, Hakan Mat)
MUNICIPAL WATER USE
1. Regular municipalities
2. Metropolitan Municipalities
3. Rural Area
INDUSTRIAL WATER USE
1. Large Industries
2. Organised industrial district
3. State-owned Industries / Scattered commercial premises/small-scale industries
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
1-Sewerage network
2- Wastewater treatment and disposal
3- Sludge treatment and disposal
INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF MUNICIPAL WATER MANAGEMENT (S. Burak & Hakan Mat)
1. Legislation, standards, enforcement
2. Finance
ENVIRONMENTAL WATER
OTHER WATER USES (non-conventional water use / alternative water sources
XII. Legal and institutional structure of water management (Aysegul Kibaroglu)
* Overview
* Principal Water Legislation
* Main Water Institutions
* Turkey's Water Diplomacy Framework
XIII. Transboundary River Basins (Unal Ozis)
Abstract
* Introduction
* Transboundary River Basins of Turkey
* Water Potential of the Euphrates - Tigris Basin
* Development of the Euphrates - Tigris Basin
* Impact of Flow Regulation by Dams in Turkey
* Issues among Riparians
* Water Demands of the Riparians
* Equitable and Reasonable Use of Euphrates - Tigris Basin Water Potential
* Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
XIV. Basin management (Bulent Selek, Zeliha Selek, Nilgun B. Harmancioglu, Cem Cetinkaya, Filiz Barbaros)
* Abstract
* Introduction
* Preparation of River Basin Management Plans in Turkey
* Water resources and socio-economic development
* Water security and sustainability
* Stakeholder participation
* Water-energy-food nexus
XV. Impacts of Climate Change (Murat Turkes, Tufan Turp, Nazan An, Tugba OEzturk and Levent Kurnaz)
* Projected Changes in Precipitation Climatology using RegCM4.4
* Evaluation of Precipitation Extremes under Climate Change
* Evaluation of Aridity Conditions under Climate Change
XVI. Challenges for the future (Nilgun B. Harmancioglu)
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