Paragraphs to essays

著者

書誌事項

Paragraphs to essays

Alice Oshima, Ann Hogue with Jane Curtis

（The Longman academic writing series, 3）

Pearson Education, c2020

4th ed

タイトル別名

Introduction to academic writing, 3

With MyEnglishLab

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注記

"Student book with App, Online Practice, and Digital Resources" -- T.p. verso

"Previous edition: Introduction to academic writing, 3; 3rd ed, 2007"--CIP

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The Longman Academic Writing Series helps English language students master the writing skills needed to succeed in their academic careers. The fi ve-level series spans writing topics from composing sentences to writing research papers. Each level covers the complete writing process from prewriting to revision. Level 3 teaches intermediate students to write various genres of academic paragraphs and essays. The text's proven approach integrates training in grammar, mechanics, vocabulary, sentence structure, and paragraph and essay organization along with the writing process. Features Realistic writing models and systematic practice empower students to write effectively in different genres. Clear explanations help students grasp and apply key concepts. Sentence structure, grammar, and mechanics instruction helps students develop key writing skills. A step-by-step approach guides students seamlessly through the writing process. Vocabulary sections help students develop language awareness and improve the quality of their writing. Writing Tips provide useful strategies to enhance students' writing experience. Writing Expansions, including journals, timed writing, and summarizing, build written fluency and test-taking skills. Enhanced Digital Practice An improved MyEnglishLab includes additional practice activities and assessments. The Pearson Practice English App allows students to complete vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure activities on their mobile devices.

目次

To the Teacher....................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... xii Chapter Overview................................................................................................................xiii PART I: WRITING A PARAGRAPH Chapter 1 Academic Paragraphs...................................................................2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................3 Analyzing the Model......................................................................................................3 Noticing Vocabulary: Word Families ......................................................................4 Organization .................................................................................................................5 Formatting the Page.....................................................................................................6 Mechanics ...................................................................................................................10 Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................14 Simple Sentences.......................................................................................................14 Phrases.........................................................................................................................15 Subject-Verb Agreement............................................................................................16 Fragments.....................................................................................................................18 Applying Vocabulary: Using Nouns and Verbs.....................................................19 The Writing Process ................................................................................................21 Listing ...........................................................................................................................21 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about Someone Who Made a Difference......27 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................29 Expansion ....................................................................................................................29 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about Someone Who Taught You a Lesson.........29 Journal Writing.............................................................................................................30 Chapter 2 Narrative Paragraphs...................................................................31 Introduction .................................................................................................................32 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................32 Noticing Vocabulary: Compound Nouns...............................................................33 Organization ...............................................................................................................34 Time-Order Signals.....................................................................................................34 Purpose .........................................................................................................................38 Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................39 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................39 Compound Sentences................................................................................................40 Coordinating Conjunctions........................................................................................41 Punctuation .................................................................................................................44 Three Comma Rules...................................................................................................44 Applying Vocabulary: Using Compound Nouns...................................................46 Preparation for Writing ...........................................................................................46 Freewriting....................................................................................................................47 Writing Assignment: A Narrative Paragraph about a Memorable Experience....48 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................49 Expansion ....................................................................................................................49 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Time You Disobeyed Rules.......................49 Journal Writing.............................................................................................................50 Chapter 3 Basic Paragraph Structure......................................................51 Introduction .................................................................................................................52 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................52 Noticing Vocabulary: Adjectives ...........................................................................53 Organization ...............................................................................................................54 The Topic Sentence....................................................................................................54 Supporting Sentences: Main Points.........................................................................61 Supporting Details: Examples...................................................................................62 The Concluding Sentence..........................................................................................64 Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................69 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................69 Adjectives and Adverbs in Basic Sentences...........................................................70 Applying Vocabulary: Using Adjectives.................................................................72 Preparation for Writing ...........................................................................................73 Outlining........................................................................................................................73 The Detailed Outline....................................................................................................74 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about a Hobby or Sport...............................76 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................77 Expansion ....................................................................................................................77 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Relaxing Activity.........................................77 Summary Writing.........................................................................................................78 Chapter 4 Logical Division of Ideas...........................................................79 Introduction .................................................................................................................80 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................80 Noticing Vocabulary: Synonyms.............................................................................81 Organization ...............................................................................................................82 Logical Division of Ideas............................................................................................82 Unity in the Supporting Sentences of a Paragraph................................................85 Coherence in the Supporting Sentences of a Paragraph......................................86 Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................96 Run-ons and Comma Splices...................................................................................96 Correcting Run-ons and Comma Splices................................................................96 Finding Run-ons and Comma Splices.....................................................................96 Applying Vocabulary: Using Synonyms and Near Synonyms............................99 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about Shopping Habits................................99 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................100 Expansion ..................................................................................................................101 Timed Writing: A Paragraph for Students about Shopping...............................101 Summary Writing.......................................................................................................101 Chapter 5 Process Paragraphs...................................................................102 Introduction ...............................................................................................................103 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................103 Noticing Vocabulary: Phrasal Verbs.....................................................................104 Organization .............................................................................................................105 Topic Sentences in Process Paragraphs...............................................................105 Supporting Sentences in Process Paragraphs.....................................................105 Concluding Sentences in Process Paragraphs....................................................105 Using Time Order in Process Paragraphs.............................................................106 Purpose .......................................................................................................................109 Audience ....................................................................................................................109 Sentence Structure ................................................................................................110 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................110 Clauses and Complex Sentences...........................................................................112 Applying Vocabulary: Using Phrasal Verbs.........................................................117 Writing Assignment: A Process Paragraph about Self-Improvement.............118 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................119 Expansion ..................................................................................................................120 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about Learning English Vocabulary.....................120 Email to a Professor..................................................................................................120 Chapter 6 Definition Paragraphs................................................................121 Introduction ...............................................................................................................122 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................122 Noticing Vocabulary: Word Knowledge...............................................................123 Organization .............................................................................................................124 Sentence Structure ................................................................................................128 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................128 Appositives.................................................................................................................129 Adjective Clauses......................................................................................................131 Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses.........................................................133 Applying Vocabulary: Using Word Knowledge...................................................142 Preparation for Writing .........................................................................................143 Clustering...................................................................................................................143 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph That Defines a Word, Concept, or Custom....144 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................145 Expansion ..................................................................................................................146 Timed Writing: A Paragraph That Defines Family................................................146 Paraphrasing..............................................................................................................146 Chapter 7 Cause / Effect Paragraphs.....................................................148 Introduction ...............................................................................................................149 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................149 Noticing Vocabulary: Prefixes...............................................................................150 Organization .............................................................................................................151 Topic Sentences in Cause / Effect Paragraphs....................................................151 Supporting Sentences in Cause / Effect Paragraphs..........................................152 Concluding Sentences in Cause / Effect Paragraphs..........................................152 Sentence Structure ................................................................................................160 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................160 Cause / Effect Transition Signals............................................................................161 Applying Vocabulary: Using Prefixes...................................................................167 Writing Assignment: A Cause / Effect Paragraph about a Social Issue.........168 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................169 Expansion ..................................................................................................................169 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about the Positive Effects of Walking..................169 Double-Entry Journal Writing..................................................................................170 Chapter 8 Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs................................171 Introduction ...............................................................................................................172 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................172 Noticing Vocabulary: Antonyms...........................................................................173 Organization .............................................................................................................174 Topic Sentences in Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs.....................................175 Supporting Sentences in Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs...........................175 Concluding Sentences in Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs..........................176 Sentence Structure ................................................................................................182 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................182 Transition Signals for Comparison..........................................................................183 Transition Signals for Contrast................................................................................187 Applying Vocabulary: Using Antonyms................................................................190 Preparation for Writing .........................................................................................191 Conducting an Interview..........................................................................................191 Writing Assignment: A Comparison / Contrast Paragraph about Education....194 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................195 Expansion ..................................................................................................................195 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about Your Education vs. a Parent's....................195 Double-Entry Journal Writing..................................................................................196 PART II: WRITING AN ESSAY Chapter 9 Essay Organization......................................................................198 Introduction ...............................................................................................................199 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................199 Noticing Vocabulary: Formal and Informal Words.............................................201 Organization .............................................................................................................202 Introductory Paragraphs..........................................................................................203 Body Paragraphs.......................................................................................................205 Concluding Paragraphs............................................................................................206 Transitions between Paragraphs.............................................................................209 Essay Outlining..........................................................................................................213 The Writing Process ..............................................................................................215 Applying Vocabulary: Using Formal and Informal Vocabulary.........................218 Writing Assignment: An Essay about Nonverbal Communication..................219 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................220 Expansion ..................................................................................................................221 Timed Writing: An Essay about Body Language in Your Native Culture..........221 Summary Writing.......................................................................................................221 Chapter 10 Opinion Essays............................................................................222 Introduction ...............................................................................................................223 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................223 Noticing Vocabulary: Collocations.......................................................................225 Organization .............................................................................................................226 Introductory Paragraphs in Opinion Essays..........................................................226 Body Paragraphs in Opinion Essays......................................................................228 Concluding Paragraphs in Opinion Essays...........................................................230 Developing Supporting Details .........................................................................230 Quotations..................................................................................................................230 Statistics.....................................................................................................................232 Applying Vocabulary: Using Collocations...........................................................235 Preparation for Writing .........................................................................................236 Conducting a Survey................................................................................................236 Writing Assignment: An Opinion Essay about Getting a Good Education.......237 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................238 Expansion ..................................................................................................................238 Timed Writing: An Opinion Essay about Homework...........................................238 Writing an Opinion for Publication..........................................................................239 APPENDICES Appendix A Grammar Terms....................................................................................240 Appendix B Sentence Types and Connecting Words..........................................243 Appendix C Connecting Words and Transition Signals.......................................246 Appendix D Punctuation Rules................................................................................248 Appendix E Correction Symbols.............................................................................250 Appendix F Peer Review and Writer's Self-Check Worksheets..........................253 Index....................................................................................................................................274 Credits.................................................................................................................................279

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