When maps become the world

著者

書誌事項

When maps become the world

Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther

University of Chicago Press, 2020

  • : pbk

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注記

Includes bibliographical references ([261]-301) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Map making and, ultimately, map thinking is ubiquitous across literature, cosmology, mathematics, psychology, and genetics. We partition, summarize, organize, and clarify our world via spatialized representations. Our maps and, more generally, our representations seduce and persuade; they build and destroy. They are the ultimate record of empires and of our evolving comprehension of our world. This book is about the promises and perils of map thinking. Maps are purpose-driven abstractions, discarding detail to highlight only particular features of a territory. By preserving certain features at the expense of others, they can be used to reinforce a privileged position. When Maps Become the World shows us how the scientific theories, models, and concepts we use to intervene in the world function as maps, and explores the consequences of this, both good and bad. We increasingly understand the world around us in terms of models, to the extent that we often take the models for reality. Winther explains how in time, our historical representations in science, in cartography, and in our stories about ourselves replace individual memories and become dominant social narratives--they become reality, and they can remake the world.

目次

Preface 1. Introduction: Why Maps? A History and Philosophy of Map Thinking The Nature of Map Thinking-Elements of Map Thinking-Deep Mapping-Five Hundred Years of Western Mapping Maps Today Cartography Meets GIS-A Definition Based on Representation-Characterizations Based on Process and Function Three Maps Waldseemuller's Map-Guaman Poma's Countermap-Van Sant's Ultimate Map? Conclusion Part 1: Philosophy 2. Theory Is to World as Map Is to Territory Analogy Three Types of Analogy-Critical Cautions The Map Analogy A Typology of Map Analogies-Uses of the Map Analogy in Humanistic Inquiry Assumption Archaeology Conclusion 3. From Abstraction to Ontologizing The Abstraction-Ontologizing Account Abstraction Abstraction Stage I: Calibration of Units and Coordinates-Abstraction Stage II: Data Collection and Management-Abstraction Stage III: Generalization OntologizingOntologizing 0: Representation Testing-Ontologizing I: Changing the World-Ontologizing II: Understanding the World-Ontologizing III: Classroom Communication Conclusion 4. Long Live Contextual Objectivity! Pernicious Reification Contextual Objectivity Conformation-The Essential Indexical A History of the Mercator Projection I: Gerardus Mercator Mercator's Critique of Earlier Projections-Mercator's New Purpose: Navigation-Mercator's Clear Presentation of Latitude and Longitude-Mercator's Awareness of Alternative Projections A History of the Mercator Projection II: Post Mercator Integration Platforms A Beyond-Mercator Integration Platform: Blocking Pernicious Reification and Seeking Contextual Objectivity-Philosophical Aspects of Integration Platforms Conclusion 5. Projecting Maps into Our Worlds Two Canonical Philosophical Accounts of Representation: Isomorphism and Similarity The Isomorphism Account-The Similarity Account The Multiple Representations Account Ontologizing-Merely-Seeing-As-Pluralistic Ontologizing-Climate Change and Multiple Representations Conclusion Part 2: Science 6. Mapping Space Extreme-Scale Maps in Cosmology The Universe's Baby Portrait-The Universe Growing Up (and Outward)-Cosmic-Scale Maps and the Abstraction-Ontologizing Account Literal Cartographic Maps in Geology State-Space Maps in Physics and Physical Chemistry Analogous Maps in Mathematics Conclusion 7. Mapping Ourselves Migration Maps Arrowized Assumptions-Arrowized Maps-Countermapping Migration Brain Maps Decompositional Assumptions-Phrenological Maps-The Somatosensory and Motor Homunculi-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)-Countermapping the Brain Statistical Causal Maps Linear Model Assumptions-Correlation and Causation-"Genetic" and "Environmental" Diseases-Path Diagrams as Statistical Causal Maps-When Causal Maps Become the World Conclusion 8. Mapping Genetics Building a Mapping-Genetics Integration Platform Assumptions-Terminology-Map Types The Linear Genetic Map Linear Genetic Maps of Phenotypic Linkage-Linear Genetic Maps of Nucleotides-Assumptions of the Linear Genetic Map The Gene Expression Map The Genotype-Phenotype Map The Literal Cartographic Genetic Map The Comparative Genetic Map The Adaptive Landscape Map An Analogous Genetic Map: The Tree of LifeDarwin's Hypothesis-Contemporary Phylogenies Future Extensions: Mapping Genetics as a Paradigmatic Integration Platform 9. Map Thinking Science and Philosophy Existence, World Making, and Responsibility Map Thinking Scientific Methodology Map Thinking Philosophical Methodology Assumption Archaeology-Tracking Ethics and Power-Imagining "What If . . . ?" An Invitation to Dream Appendix: Cognitive Map Exercise References Index

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